"in 1841. "T h Literature of t same time he f of articles to t Revue des Deux ne of the best ay. His to pt, and North im with obser e erudition st enabled him ticles for the His contris and publis the title of S CHRISTLE ist, was ba at Odense ! s by no me alent wit His Ances, ng Anders Je, hover the dr which juveni 66 which have been well received by the reading public. laid the foundation of his future fame and success. After many struggles he turned his attention to literature, and ANDRAL, GABRIEL, a French phyhaving been successful in his first pro- sician, was born at Paris on the 6th of duction, he obtained a sum from the November, 1797, and was the son of a Danish Government, which enabled him Doctor of Medicine, who destined him to take an extended tour through Cen- for his own profession. After passing tral Europe. The publication of his through the usual course of study, he Improvisatore" at once gained him took his degree in 1821. In 1828 he great reputation, and his position as a was called to the chair of Hygiène, and literary man was made. The limits of in 1830 elected Professor of Medical this sketch preclude the possibility of Pathology. In 1839 he was unanimously naming all his works, but amongst the selected by his colleagues to succeed M. most popular, beside the "Improvisa- Broussais in the chair of General Pathotore," are the following, most of which logy and Therapeutics. As a professor have been translated into the German, M. Andral is highly successful. The Dutch, English, French, Swedish, and style of his lectures is peculiarly precise Russian languages, namely, his "O. T.," and clear. Notwithstanding the time "Only a Fiddler," "The Two Baron- devoted to the duties of his chair, and esses," and "To Be, or Not to Be," "The the practice of his profession, he has Glory of my Life," "Fairy Tales," "A written a number of papers and works Picture Book without Pictures," "New on special and general subjects connected Stories and Fairy Tales," "A Poet's with his favourite science. Among his Bazaar, ," "Rambles in the Hartz Moun-publications are the "Clinique Médicale," tains, and "In Sweden." A com- "Cours de Pathologie Interne," "Traité plete edition of his works was published de l'Auscultation Médiate et du Coeur," in Copenhagen in 1854-55; and in Leip- and a treatise on the treatment of typhus zic a translation of his collected works fever by purgatives. M. Andral's works has appeared in thirty-six volumes. He have been extensively translated, and has lately published a work entitled frequently republished. "The Sand Hills of Jutland." ANDERSON, WILLIAM, LL.D., a Scottish divine, was born in 1799, at Kilsyth, and studied at the Glasgow University. When about twenty-two years of age he became pastor of Johnstreet Church, Glasgow, and in this position has obtained great popularity as a preacher. The church has lately been pulled down, and a remarkably fine edifice erected in its place, in which Dr. Anderson now officiates, attracting the attention of his hearers as much by the vigour of his discourses as by the eloquence of his appeals. As a platform speaker he greatly excels, and in that position is often the advocate of justice and freedom for the oppressed. He has published several theological works, ANSTER, JOHN, D.C.L., a distinguished poet, was born at Charleville, in the county of Cork, in 1793. He studied and took his degrees in Trinity College, Dublin, was afterwards called to the Irish bar, and for several years went the Munster circuit. In 1814 he was elected a scholar of Trinity College, and in the same year closed a session of the Historical Society with a speech from the chair, which was honoured with their gold medal for oratory. He has published some poems, which were well received, and gained the praise of accurate critics. In an early number of "Blackwood's Magazine," Dr. Anster published an account of Goethe's "Faust," with translated extracts. This was, we believe, the first English translation of any part of Goethe's great poem. The has not confined his attention to editorial complete translation was published in labours. He has published a number of 1835. His "Faust" has also been highly original works, chiefly on classical geoadmired. A small volume of poems by graphy, Roman and Greek antiquities Dr. Anster appeared at Dublin in 1837, and mythology, which enjoy a great and entitled "Xeniola." Latterly he is under-well-merited reputation in America. stood to be exclusively occupied with ANTONELLI, GIACOMO, CARDINAL, professional studies and duties, and he an Italian statesman, Secretary of State is in receipt of a pension from Govern- to his Holiness Pope Pius IX., was born ment. He holds an important office in near Terracina, on the 2nd of April, one of the Irish law courts, and is Regius Professor of Civil Law in the University of Dublin. In 1851 he published "Letters Introductory to the Study of the Roman Civil Law." 1806. As a His father was a woodcutter. Antonelli was educated at the Seminario Romano. He was named successively Prelate, Assessor to the Superior Crimi nal Tribunal, and Delegate to Viterbo ANSTEY, THOMAS CHISHOLM, a law- and Macerata. In 1841 he was apyer and politician, was born in London pointed Under Secretary to the Minister in 1816. He was admitted to the bar of of the Interior; in 1845 Grand Treasurer the Middle Temple in 1839. He was of the two Apostolic Chambers-that is tolerably well known by his political to say, Minister of Finance. writings when he contested the representation of Youghal in 1847, and was returned to Parliament for that burgh, holding the seat until 1852. He was afterwards appointed Attorney-General at Hong Kong, from which post he has been lately recalled. He has published British Catholics and works entitled " the New Parliament" (1841), "A Guide to the Laws affecting Roman Catholics, "A Guide to the History of the Laws and Constitution of England," and has contributed political papers to various peHe has recently been admitriodicals. ted to the Bombay bar. liberal politician he at this time found favour with the Pope. In the Consistory of June, 1847, he received the Cardinal's hat from Pius IX. As Minister of Finance he was member of the councils established by the Pope, and was besides named President of the extraordinary commission appointed to inquire into necessary reforms. Alarmed at the serious nature of the revolution, and the consequences of the liberal policy he had hitherto followed, he resigned his office, and was succeeded by Mamiani, who in turn gave way to Rossi. When Pius IX. fled to Gaeta, Cardinal ANTHON, CHARLES, LL.D., an Antonelli was appointed Pro-Secretary American classical scholar, was born in of State, and after the arrival of the the city of New York in 1797. In 1811, French at Cività Vecchia, was placed at after receiving an excellent preliminary the head of a special commission charged training, he proceeded to Columbia Col-with the reform of the administration of lege, where he became Professor of Lan- the States of the Church. guages in 1835. Professor Anthon has having returned to Rome, April, 1850, edited a series of the classics, and also the faithful cardinal was appointed an edition of Lemprière's Classical Dic- Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, tionary. He is now Professor of Greek an office which he still continues to hold. in Columbia College, and Rector of the He is also President of the Council of Grammar School attached to that insti- Ministers. An active and energetic tution. In this country he is best man, he exercises complete control over known by his edition of Horace, but he the Pope, the real character of his in Pius IX. he fluence being disguised under a careless | leader-writer for the "Réforme," a revo- ARAGO, ÉTIENNE, a French jour- C The any part of Goethe's great poem. complete translation was published in 1835. His "Faust" has also been highly admired. A small volume of poems by Dr. Anster appeared at Dublin in 1837, entitled "Xeniola." Latterly he is understood to be exclusively occupied with professional studies and duties, and he is in receipt of a pension from Government. He holds an important office in one of the Irish law courts, and is Regius Professor of Civil Law in the University of Dublin. In 1851 he published "Letters Introductory to the Study of the Roman Civil Law." ANSTEY, THOMAS CHISHOLM, a lawyer and politician, was born in London in 1816. He was admitted to the bar of the Middle Temple in 1839. He was tolerably well known by his political writings when he contested the representation of Youghal in 1847, and was returned to Parliament for that burgh, He was holding the seat until 1852. afterwards appointed Attorney-General at Hong Kong, from which post he has been lately recalled. He has published works entitled 'British Catholics and the New Parliament" (1841), "A Guide to the Laws affecting Roman Catholics,' "A Guide to the History of the Laws and Constitution of England," and has contributed political papers to various periodicals. 66 has not confined his attention to editorial labours. He has published a number of original works, chiefly on classical geography, Roman and Greek antiquities and mythology, which enjoy a great and well-merited reputation in America. ANTONELLI, GIACOMO, CARDINAL, an Italian statesman, Secretary of State to his Holiness Pope Pius IX., was born near Terracina, on the 2nd of April, 1806. His father was a woodcutter. Antonelli was educated at the Seminario Romano. He was named successively Prelate, Assessor to the Superior Criminal Tribunal, and Delegate to Viterbo and Macerata. In 1841 he was appointed Under Secretary to the Minister of the Interior; in 1845 Grand Treasurer of the two Apostolic Chambers-that is to say, Minister of Finance. As a liberal politician he at this time found favour with the Pope. In the Consistory of June, 1847, he received the Cardinal's hat from Pius IX. As Minister of Finance he was member of the councils established by the Pope, and was besides named President of the extraordinary commission appointed to inquire into necessary reforms. Alarmed at the serious nature of the revolution, and the consequences of the liberal policy he had hitherto followed, he resigned his office, and was succeeded by MamiHe has recently been admit-ani, who in turn gave way to Rossi. ted to the Bombay bar. When Pius IX. fled to Gaeta, Cardinal ANTHON, CHARLES, LL.D., an Antonelli was appointed Pro-Secretary American classical scholar, was born in of State, and after the arrival of the the city of New York in 1797. In 1811, French at Cività Vecchia, was placed at after receiving an excellent preliminary the head of a special commission charged training, he proceeded to Columbia Col-with the reform of the administration of lege, where he became Professor of Lan- the States of the Church. Pius IX. Professor Anthon has guages in 1835. edited a series of the classics, and also an edition of Lemprière's Classical Dictionary. He is now Professor of Greek in Columbia College, and Rector of the Grammar School attached to that institution. In this country he is best known by his edition of Horace, but he having returned to Rome, April, 1850, the faithful cardinal was appointed Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, an office which he still continues to hold. He is also President of the Council of Ministers. An active and energetic man, he exercises complete control over the Pope, the real character of his in fluence being disguised under a careless and affable manner, which seems incompatible with firmness and energy of pur pose. leader-writer for the "Réforme," a revolutionary newspaper. M. Arago joined the revolutionary movements of his times, and more particularly those of 1830 and 1848. After the revolution of 1848 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly, and took his seat on the left. He vehemently opposed the interference of France with Rome, and having stood out against the acts of the President, now the Emperor Napoleon, he was condemned for contumacy, and sought refuge in Belgium. He has since travelled much, and written several poems, among which may be mentioned his 'Eaux de Spa," published at Brussels in 1852. 66 ARAGO, ÉTIENNE, a French journalist, and brother of the late eminent astronomer, was born at Estagel, on the 7th February, 1803. He studied at the colleges of Perpignan and Sorèze, and afterwards proceeded to Paris, where, through the celebrity of his brother, he became a teacher of chemistry in the Polytechnic School. His tastes, however, pointed more to literature than to science. In his first undertakings he was associated with Balzac, and published conjointly with him "The Heiress of Birague," a history extracted from ARGELANDER, FRIEDRICH WILthe papers of Dom Rago, ex-Prior of the HELM AUGUST, an eminent German Benedictines, and brought to light by astronomer, was born at Memel on the his two nephews (Paris, 1822). This 22nd of March, 1799. He at first turned work did not answer, and the part- his mind to the study of economical ners separated. M. Arago devoted questions, whilst he was studying at the himself to dramatic literature, and soon, | University of Königsberg, but subsewithout adventitious aid, took his place quently departed from that path to enter among the principal vaudevillistes of the the more congenial field of astronomical day. He wrote incessantly for years, science. His progress was such that in his pieces being, with very few excep- 1822 he was appointed assistant in the tions, received well by the public. They Königsberg Observatory. He afterwards consisted chiefly of vaudevilles and was attached to the observatory at Abo, comedies, interspersed with couplets, in Finland, where he succeeded Waldeck, among which may be mentioned, "A the principal astronomer; and on its Day of Troubles" (1824), "To-morrow removal to Helsingfors in 1832, Argeis the 13th, or Sentiment and the Alma- lander followed it. In 1837 he was nac" (1826), "The Misfortunes of a appointed principal astronomer at Bonn, Fine Young Man" (1834), "Just in which post he still retains; and here he Time" (1836), and "An Invasion of superintended the erection of an obserGrisettes" (1844). He has besides com-vatory, which was completed in 1845. posed several melodramas of great merit. He has published several valuable works His masterpiece, however, is a comedy on astronomy. Continuing the labours in five acts, entitled "Les Aristocrates," of Bessel, he determined the positions of performed in 1847 at the Théâtre Français. the stars lying between 45" and 80° of As director of the Vaudeville Theatre, declination. He published his observahe did not succeed, and in 1840 was tions in 1846, in a work which contains obliged to abandon the speculation. He the position of 22,000 stars. For many then became a contributor to the years back Argelander has been engaged “Siècle,” under the assumed name of in observing the variations in the apJules Ferney. Entertaining very decided parent brilliancy of the stars, a pheliberal opinions, he was afterwards a nomenon never before his time carefully C |