Plato (19o etc.) appears more prominently than Anytos or Lykon.
DARE I 158 n. Mühlmann col. 486 fin.

187-189 Hor.

ep. 1 1 41 42 virtus est vitium fugere et sapientia prima | stultitia caruisse. Sen. ep. 28 § 9 from Epicurus initium est salutis notitia peccati. Obbar on Hor. ep. 1 1 41 42.

190 seq. Sen. de ira 1 13 §§ 4 5. 20 § 3 iracundia nihil amplum decorumque molitur. contra mihi videtur veternosi et infelicis animi, imbecillitatis sibi conscii, saepe indolescere, ut exulcerata et aegra corpora quae ad tactus levissimos gemunt. ita ira muliebre maxime et puerile vitium est. at incidit et in viros. nam viris quoque puerilia ac muliebria ingenia sunt. ib. III 5 §§ 7 8 ille ingens animus et verus aestimator sui non vindicat iniuriam, quia non sentit...ultio doloris confessio est: non est magnus animus, quem incurvat iniuria. ib. II 34 § 1 pusilli hominis et miseri est, repetere mordentem.

191 COLLIGE Pers. v 85 Jahn. Ov. her. 11 88. Gell. VIVII 3 § 35. lexx. s. v. colligo (also collectio, which occurs Ambr. hexaem. Iv § 14. Iren. III 26 § 6). 192-235 How can they be said to have escaped, whom conscience scourges? 'Tis a punishment more cruel than any devised by Caedicius or Rhadamanthus, to be haunted night and day by an accuser in one's own breast. The Pythian priestess warned the Spartan Glaukos, who had asked, whether or no he should break trust and maintain the cheat by perjury, that he would not escape vengeance. So he returned the deposit; but as his honesty was due to fear, not to principle, he and all his house were swept away. Such is the retribution due to the mere intention of sinning; for he who designs a sin, is guilty of the act. What if he have executed it? he is in constant terror; the daintiest wine cannot drown his care. If he fall into a doze, the god whose altar he has violated, the man whom he has wronged, rise before him in his dreams and drive him to confess. Every flash of lightning seems to such men aimed point-blank at them; every attack of disease a judgement on their sins. They dare not bring an offering in their stead; for what hope is there for the guilty? What victim but is worthier to live? 192 FEMINA X 321 n. epist. Corneliae matris

Gracchorum (Nep. p. 123 Halm) dices pulchrum esse inimicos ulcisci: id neque maius neque pulchrius cuiquam atque mihi esse videtur, sed si liceat re publica salva ea persequi. Sen. clem. 1 5 § 5 magni autem animi est proprium, placidum esse tranquillumque et iniurias offensionesque superne despicere. muliebre est furere in ira.

CUR TAMEN etc. Cic. paradox. § 18 te miseriae, te aerumnae premunt omnes, qui te beatum, qui florentem putas; te lubidines torquent; tu dies noctesque cruciaris, cui nec sat est quod est et id ipsum ne non diuturnum sit futurum times; te conscientiae stimulant maleficiorum tuorum; te metus exanimant iudiciorum atque legum: quocumque adspexisti, ut furiae sic tuae tibi occurrunt iniuriae, quae te suspirare libere non sinunt. Sen. cited 174 n. id. ep. 97 § 14 prima illa et maxima peccantium poena est, peccasse nec ullum scelus...inpunitum est; quoniam sceleris in scelere supplicium est. § 15 consentiamus mala facinora conscientia flagellari et plurima illi tormentorum esse eo, quod perpetua illam sollicitudo urget ac verberat. ib. 87 §§ 22-5. 105 §§ 7 8. Pers. III 35-43. Boeth. cons. Iv pros. 1. 3. 4. 5. 194 HABET ATTONITOS Ter. haut. 461 Bentley and Gronov omnis sollicitos habuit. Cic. fam. II 16 § 1 quae non meum animum magis sollicitum habent quam tuum. id. Att. xvII

1 § 3 Dymaeos agro pulsos mare infestum habere nil mirum. Cato mai. § 66 angere atque sollicitam habere nostram aetatem. Sen. tranquill. 2 § 10 mille fluctus mentis incertae, quam spes incohatae habent suspensam deploratam tristem. Plin. ep. II 9 § 1 anxium me et inquietum habet petitio. Tac. ann. 11 57 cunctaque socialia prospere composita non ideo laetum Germanicum habebant. ib. 65 nihil aeque Tiberium anxium habebat. Nonius s. v. habere. Gronov. obs. eccl. c. 17 p. 180. Fabri on Liv. xx11 4 § 5. 23 § 2. Ramshorn 948 seq. Mühlmann col. 1049 1050. ATTONITOS XII 21 n. Plin. xix § 20 surdis

SURDO VERBERE VII 71 n. ictibus, et qui non exaudiantur. 195 ANIMO TORTORE XIV 21 n. Bentley (cf. Orelli) on Hor. c. Iv 9 39'observandum, optimos quosque scriptores non aliter interdum de animo, quam de persona quapiam loqui.' add Sen. ep. 124 § 23 animus aemulator Dei.

FLAGELLUM I 166 167. Aesch. Eum. 155-160. Lucr. I 1017 1018 after speaking of all human instruments of torture quae tamen etsi absunt, at mens sibi conscia factis praemetuens adhibet stimulos terretque flagellis. Munro on Lucr. I 1023. v 1154. Cic. p. Rosc. Am. § 67. Ov. Ibis 153-60. Luc. vi 771-86 esp. 783 784 hunc infera monstra flagellant. | et quantum poenae misero mens conscia donat. Plut. 11 277a is that true, which some Romans affirm? and, as the philosophers of the school of Chrysippos think paûλa dayμóma περινοστεῖν, οἷς οἱ θεοὶ δημίοις χρῶνται κολασταῖς ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀνοσίους καὶ ἀδίκους ἀνθρώπους· οὕτως οἱ Λάρητες ἐρινυώδεις τινές εἰσι καὶ ποίνιμοι δαίμονες. cf. Wyttenb. ib. 276o. [Quintil.] decl. xII § 28 meum sane conscientia urunt animum intus scelerum faces; et quoties facta reputavi, flagella mentis sonant, ultrices video furias. Obbar on Hor. ep. 1 2 59. Pers. III 39-43.

197 CAEDICIUS gravis with Caedicius as pugnacis with Tulli in v 57 et Tulli census pugnacis et Anci. schol. aulicum Neronis crudelissimum fuisse vult intellegi.' A pleader of the name xvi 46.

RHADAMANTHUS I 10 n. Sosikrates in schol. Aristoph. av. 521 Rh. the most just of men allowed none to swear by the gods, but bad men swear by goose and dog and ram and the like. Lasaulx Studien 200 201. He decided important disputes by taking oaths of the parties Plat. legg. 293. Aen. vi 566 567 (cf. Heyne exc. 11) Gnosius haec Rhadamanthus habet durissima regna, | castigatque auditque dolos cogitque fateri. Ov. m. Iv 444 of the occupations of the departed parsque forum celebrat. tr. Iv 10 88 shades of my parents, if my fame reaches you et sunt in Stygio crimina nostra foro. In Lucian catapl. 28 Rh. is in doubt, whether to cast the tyrant Megapenthes into Pyriphlegethon or to throw him to Kerberos; by the advice, however, of Kyniskos, he leaves him to the more agonising tortures of remorse, denying him access to the waters of Lethe. 198 NOCTE DIEQUE III 105. Ov. m. II 343. XII 46. Pont. I 1 40. Mart. x 58 11. xI 56 6. Stat. Th. xI 377. TESTEM 2 n. Sen. ep. 43 § 5 si honesta sunt quae facis, omnes sciant: si turpia, quid refert neminem scire, cum tu scias? o te miserum, si contemnis hunc testem. prov. in Quintil. v 11 § 41 conscientia mille testes.

199 SPARTANO CUIDAM Glaukos, son of Epikydes, was requested by a Milesian, who had heard the fame of his uprightness, to keep in trust for him a sum of money. Long afterwards the sons of the Milesian reclaimed the deposit. Glaukos, denying all recollection of the matter, promised to make inquiries, and give a final answer in four

months' time. Meanwhile he went to Delphi Hdt. vr 86 (where see Valck. Wess. Bähr) ἐπειρωτῶντα δὲ αὐτὸν τὸ χρηστήριον εἰ ὅρκῳ τὰ χρήματα ληΐσεται, ἡ Πυθίη μετέρχεται τοισίδε τοῖσι ἔπεσι· ‘Γλαῦκ' Επικυδείδη, τὸ μὲν αὐτίκα κέρδιον οὕτω | ὅρκῳ νικῆσαι καὶ χρήματα ληΐσσασθαι. | ὄμνυ· ἐπεὶ θάνατός γε καὶ εὔορκον μένει ἄνδρα. | ἀλλ ̓ Ορκου πάϊς ἐστὶν ἀνώνυμος, οὐδ ̓ ἔπι χεῖρες, | οὐδὲ πόδες· κραιπνὸς δὲ μετέρχεται, εἰσόκε πᾶσαν συμμάρψας ὀλέσει γενεὴν καὶ οἶκον ἅπαντα. | ἀνδρὸς δ ̓ εὐόρκου γενεὴ μετόπισθεν ἀμείνων. ταῦτα ἀκούσας ὁ Γλαῦκος συγγνώμην τὸν θεὸν παραιτέετο αὐτῷ σχεῖν τῶν ῥηθέντων, ἡ δὲ Πυθίη ἔφη, τὸ πειρηθῆναι τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὸ ποιῆσαι ἴσον δύνασθαι. Γλαύκος μὲν δὴ μεταπεμψάμενος τοὺς Μιλησίους ξείνους ἀποδιδοῖ σφι τὰ χρήματα... Γλαύκου νῦν οὔτε τι ἀπόγονόν ἐστι οὐδέν, οὔτ ̓ ἱστίη οὐδεμία νομιζομένη είναι Γλαύκου, ἐκτέτριπταί τε πρόρριζος ἐκ Σπάρτης. Paus. 1 18 § 2. VIII 7 § 8 where (as in Hes. op. 285) the last verse of the oracle is given. cf. a like tempting of the oracle Hdt. 1 159 and Balaam.

200 DUBITARET Aen. Ix 188 189 percipe porro | quid dubitem 201 202 IURE TUERI

et quae nunc animo sententia surgat.

IURANDO Hor. 5. II 3 179 180 iure | iurando obstringam. 204 MORIBUS principle Nägelsbach Stylistik § 12 1. TAMEN though he returned it.

vocem.

205 VOCEM

ADYTI DIGNAM TEMPLO VIII 126 n. Luc. ix 565 of Cato effudit dignas adytis e pectore voces. Hdt. I 159 § 2 λέγεται φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ ἀδύτου γενέσθαι. Ov. m. xv 635 636 cortinaque reddidit ima | hanc adyto 206 TOTA CUM PROLE DOMOQUE comm, on exod. 20 5. Hom. Il. IV 162. Solon. 13 31 32 Bergk. Theogn. 206. Hdt. VII 137. Soph. Αi. 1177 1178 κακὸς κακῶς ἄθαπτος ἐκπέσοι χθονός, | γένους ἅπαντος ῥίζαν ἐξημημένος. Eur. Alkm. fr. 83. Nagelsbach nachhomer. Theol. 34 35. Aristoph. ran. 587 588 Dionysos to Xanthos. 'if I ever take them from you again πρόρριζος αὐτός, ἡ γυνή, τὰ παιδία, κάκιστ ̓ ἀπολοίμην, where Fritzsche quotes exx. of such oaths from the orators Antipho caed. Herod. § 11. Aeschin. c. Ktes. § 110. Dem. f. 1. p. 363. Lykurg. Leokr. § 79. Böckh CIG n. 916. 989 seq. 2826 seq.

3044. 3095. 3137. 3562. Lasaulx Studien 169. 176. 190. 196. 197. 199 on the punishment of false swearers and their posterity: Valck. on Eur. Hipp. 826. Ph. 941. orac. in Ael. v. b. III 43. ibid. XIII 2. oath of the Samnites B.C. 293 Liv. x 38 § 10 in exsecrationem capitis familiaeque et stirpis; of Scipio B.C. 216 ib. XXII 53 § 11. Ios. ant. VIII 1 § 4. Plut. qu. rom. 44 every oath eis κατάραν τελευτᾷ τῆς ἐπιορκίας. Cic. n. d. III § 90 to the Stoics dicitis eam vim deorum esse, ut, etiam si quis morte poenas sceleris effugerit, expetantur eae poenae | a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris. lexx, under ἐξώλης. πρόρριζος. DCass. LIx 11 § 3 Livius Geminius, a senator, swore that he saw Drusilla ascending to heaven καὶ τοῖς θεοῖς συγγιγνομένην....ἐξώλειαν καὶ ἑαυτῷ καὶ τοῖς παισίν, εἰ ψεύδοιτο, ἐπαρασάμενος. VFl. IV 33. Pers. II 25 do you think that Iuppiter has forgiven you, because the holm-oak is sooner blasted by his thunder quam tuque domusque?

207 LONGA though only remotely connected.

208 HAS PATITUR POENAS PECCANDI SOLA VOLUNTAS alliteration as in Ov. m. Iv 467 perpetuas patitur poenas.

209 210 SCELUS INTRA SE TACITUM QUI COGITAT ULLUM FACTI CRIMEN HABET comm. on exod. 20 17. DL. I 36 Thales was asked εἰ λάθοι θεοὺς ἄνθρωπος ἀδικῶν· “ἀλλ ̓ οὐδὲ διανοούμενος ̓ ἔφη. The saying is ascribed to Pittakos by Theon in Spengel rhet. gr. i 97. 102. cf. VM. VII 2 Ε 8 mirifice etiam Thales. nam interrogatus an facta hominum deos fallerent 'ne cogitata quidem' inquit, ut non solum manus, sed etiam mentes puras

habere vellemus, cum secretis cogitationibus nostris caeleste numen adesse credidissemus. Xen. mem. I 1 § 19 Sokrates differed from the vulgar in believing that God knows all things said and done kai rà σiyê βουλευόμενα. Clem. Al. str. vI 2 § 23 p. 749 illustrates the story of Glaukos from Aristoph. fr. 553 δύναται γὰρ ἴσον τῷ δρᾶν τὸ νοεῖν. Ov. amor. 11 4 4 5 quae, quia non liceat, non facit, illa facit. | ut iam servaris bene corpus, adultera mens est. VM. vi 1 § 8 Metellus Celer was stuprosae mentis acer poenitor, accusing and procuring the conviction of Cn. Sergius Silus for promising money to a married lady: non enim factum tunc, sed animus in quaestionem deductus est, plusque voluisse peccare nocuit quam non peccasse profuit. Sen. de ira 1 3 § 1 verum est, irasci nos laesuris; sed ipsa cogitatione nos laedunt et iniuriam qui facturus est iam facit. id. ben. v 14 § 2 exercetur et aperitur opere nequitia, non incipit. id. const. sap. 7 § 4 omnia scelera etiam ante effectum operis, quantum culpae satis est, perfecta sunt. | Ael. v. h. Σιν 28 οὐ γὰρ μόνον ὁ ἀδικήσας κακός, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ ἐννοήσας ἀδικῆσαι. Gell. x1 8 § 23 furtum sine ulla quoque adtrectatione fieri posse, sola mente atque animo, ut furtum fiat, adnitente. Cicero's freedman Tiro blamed Cato for denying this position ib. VI-VII 3 §§ 35-37. 42. 47. Apul. flor. IV 20 (p. 98 Oud. with the notes) etiam cogitata scelera non perfecta adhuc vindicantur, cruenta mente, pura manu. Serv. Aen. vi 624. Dorville on Char. v 7 p. 487 Lips. Wetstein on Matt. v 8. 28. In law however dig. XLVIII 19 18 cogitationis poenam nemo patitur (yet see ib. 16 § 8. cod. Theod. Ix 26 1 cum pari sorte leges scelus quam sceleris puniant voluntatem). SCELUS COGITAT on the construction cf. Beier on Cic. off. 1 § 24. The deliberate purpose a main part of the guilt also in Cic. off. 1 § 27 in omni iniustitia permultum interest utrum perturbatione aliqua animi, quae plerumque brevis est et ad tempus, an consulto et cogitata fiat iniuria.

INTRA SE lexx. Aen. 1 455 456 artificumque manus intra se operumque laborem miratur. 210 FACTI CRIMEN

HABET Prop. III=II 32 1 2 qui videt, is peccat: qui te non viderit ergo | non cupiet: facti lumina crimen habet. Ov. amor. 11 5 6. a. a. 1 586. II 272. 634. rem. 328 cet.

CEDO, SI VI 503-5 Andromachen a fronte videbis; | post minor est: credas aliam. cedo si breve parvi sortita est lateris spatium? Ter. Andr. 150 qui cedo? 'how so pray?' 383. 'What if he have carried out his design?' 211 PERPETUA ANXIETAS Sen. ep. 105 §§ 7 8. Quintil. XII 1 § 7 nihil est enim tam occupatum, tam multiforme, tot ac tam variis adfectibus concisum atque laceratum quam mala mens. nam et cum insidiatur, spe, curis, labore distringitur, et, etiam cum sceleris compos fuerit, sollicitudine, paenitentia, poenarum omnium exspectatione torquetur. NEC II 152. IX 49. 212 MOLARES 213 DIFFICILI

μύλαι. μυλῖται ὀδόντες. CRESCENTE CIBO Ov. her. 16 226 crescit et invito lentus in ore cibus. Sen. ep. 82 § 21 non in ore crevit cibus, non haesit in faucibus, non elapsus est manibus: alacres et ad prandium illi promiserunt et ad cenam. SETINA V 34 n. x 27 n. plur. as Tibull. 111 6 6 Falerna. 214 ALBANI VETERIS PRETIOSA SENECTUS IV 81 n. Crispi iucunda senectus. Jani art. poet. 329 (where Phaedr. colli longitudinem. corvi stupor. maiestas ducis). 475. comm. on Phaedr. 1 13 12. Lambin on Hor. c. I 5 13. Heindorf on Hor. s. 1 2 32. Barth advers. 52 3. ALBANI V 33 n. SENECTUS V 30 n. 31 n. 34.

I

215 OSTENDAS

you may shew him choicer wine, he frowns at that too. constr. III 100. Hor. ep. 1 10 24 cited 239 n. 216 FALERNO

It

this wine needed to be mellowed by age (15 years Cic. Brut. § 287. Plin. xxIII § 34) Hor. s. II 3 115 Heindorf veterisque Falerni. was mixt with honey (ib. 2 15. 4 24 Aufidius forti miscebat_mella Falerno) or Chian wine (ib. 1 10 24 Heindorf), being severum (Hor. c. 1 27 9), ardens (ib. 11 11 19). 217 cf. Theokr. ΧΣΙ 4 5 κἂν ὀλίγον νυκτός τις ἐπιμύσσῃσι τὸν ὕπνον, | αἰφνίδιον θορυβεῦσιν ἐφισTáμevaι peλedŵval. Sall. Catil. 15 § 4. Cic. p. Rosc. Am. § 66. in Pis. § 46. Sen. ep. 97 §§ 12-16. 105 §§ 7 8.

218 VERSATA TORO MEMBRA III 279 280. Catull. 50 12. Prop. 1 14 21. Sen. de tranq. 2 § 6 qui non aliter, quam quibus difficilis somnus est, versant se et hoc atque illo modo conponunt, donec quietem lassitudine inveniant. Suet. Calig. 50. DCass. LXI 14 § 4.

219 TEMPLUM ET VIOLATI NUMINIS ARAS same position of gen. Ix 68. XIV 16. 20. 109 (Kiaer).

89 n.

VIOLATI NUMINIS ARAS

220 SUDORIBUS I 167 n. Gell. Ix 15 § 9 a wealthy student, practising for the bar, asked the rhetor Iulianus to hear him declaim. Gellius, who was with Iulianus at Naples for the summer holidays, was of the party. The 'controversy' set for the extemporary display was of the kind called aπopov 'inexplicabile'; yet he started off with wonderful rapidity, pouring forth sensuum verborumque volumina, amidst the applause of his 'cohort', Iuliano autem male ac misere rubente et sudante. 221 TE VIDET IN

SOMNIS VIII 213 n. Ios. b. I. VII 11 § 4 of Catullus a persecutor δείμασι γὰρ ἐξεταράττετο καὶ συνεχῶς ἀνεβόα βλέπειν εἴδωλα τῶν ὑπ ̓ αὐτοῦ πεφονευμένων ἐφεστηκότα καὶ κατέχειν ἑαυτὸν οὐ δυνάμενος ἐξήλλετο τῆς εὐνῆς ὡς βασάνων αὐτῷ καὶ πυρὸς προσφερομένων. Cic. parad. II § 18. Ov. Ibis 141-160. her. 2 136. 7 72. Hor. epod. 5 92-96. Suet. Cal. 59 the body of Gaius was secretly conveyed into the gardens of Lamia, there half-burnt and slightly covered with soil; his sisters afterwards gave it a decent funeral: satis constat, prius quam id fieret, hortorum custodes umbris inquietatos; the house in which Gaius was slain, was haunted nightly until it was burnt down. id. Nero 34 (sat. VIII 213 n. DCass. LXI 14 § 4. LXIII 28 § 1) Nero endeavoured to lay his mother's ghost facto per magos sacro evocare manes et exorare temptavit. id. Otho 7 dicitur ea nocte per quietem pavefactus gemitus maximos edidisse, repertusque a concursantibus humi ante lectum iacens per omnia piaculorum genera manes Galbae, a quo deturbari expellique se viderat, propitiare temptasse. The haunted house in Plin. ep. vII 27. los. ant. xv 7 § 7 and xvi 7 § 2 remorse of Herod. DCass. LXVII 16 § 1 Domitian in a dream saw Rusticus coming upon him with sword drawn, while his patron Minerva had thrown away her armour and plunged into a gulf on a chariot drawn by black horses. Procop. b. G. 11 fin. shortly after the execution of Symmachus, the head of a large fish served up to Theoderic took in his guilty imagination the features of Symmachus, with teeth set, eyes wildly glaring. Quaking with a sudden chill, he ran to his bedroom, ordered many cloaks to be piled on the bed and summoned his physician. B. Büchsenschütz Traum u. Traumdeutung im Alterthume Berl. 1867.

MAIOR IMAGO HUMANA

Aen. 11 773 nota maior imago. Suet. Claud. 2 species barbarae mulieris humana amplior. Tac. XI 21 Lipsius.

223 QUI TREPIDANT ET AD OMNIA FULGURA PALLENT order of words as III 187 188. VI 79. Pers. II 35, III 66. v 110 (Kiaer).