24 25 OMNI EX CRIMINE LUCRUM QUAESITUM Nägelsbach § 30 2 (Weidner). 25 PUXIDE I 70 n. 158 n. II 41 pyxide medicine box. vIII 17 n. Cic. p. Cael. § 65 veneni pyxidem. Corvus was ridiculed for a sentence (in a controversia Sen. suas. 2 § 21'de ea quae apud matronas disserebat liberos non esse tollendos ') inter pyxides et redolentis animae medicamina constitit mitrata contio. Sen. ep. 95 § 18. ben. v 13 § 3 quaedam, etiamsi vera non sunt, propter similitudinem eodem vocabulo comprensa sunt. sic pyxidem [properly of box] et argenteam et auream dicimus. id. ap. Lact. III 15 § 13 of some philosophers, who need to apply their own rebukes of vice to themselves quos non aliter intueri decet quam medicos, quorum tituli remedia habent, pyxides venena. Plin. XXIX § 20 of the medical profession quid enim venenorum fertilius aut unde plures testamentorum insidiae? Hermas vis. 3 § 9 nolite similes fieri maleficis et malefici quidem venena sua in pixides [sic] baiulant. vos autem venenum vestrum et medicamentum in corde continetis. 26 rhythm as 35. 225. RARI BONI Porphyr. vit. Pythag. 42 maxim of Pythagoras, avoid the beaten path,' ràs λewPopovs un Badigew (cf. Rittersh. p. 229 Kiessling. Matt. 7 13 14 the broad way). Theogn. 150. Bias in DL. 1 § 87 Menage piλeîv is mońσοντας τοὺς γὰρ πλείστους είναι κακούς. Xen. Kyrop. r 2 § 24. DL. VI §§ 27. 32. 40 41 Menage the lantern of Diogenes, and his frequent complaints that he could not find 'men.' Sen. vit. beat. 2 § 1 cum de beata vita agetur, non est quod mihi illud discessionum more respondeas: haec pars maior esse videtur.' ideo enim peior est. non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur, ut meliora pluribus placeant: argumentum pessimi turba est. id. ben. 1 10 § 3 idem semper de nobis pronuntiare debebimus, malos esse nos, malos fuisse, invitus adiciam et futuros esse. id. n. q. iv praef. § 19 with citations from Verg. Ov. Menander. id. ep. 42 § 1 the vir bonus is a phoenix, born once in 500 years. Plut. II 413. Plin. ep. VIII 22 § 3 maxim of Thrasea qui vitia odit, homines odit. Hor. s. 1 3 68 69. Lucian Tim. 25 Plutos complains that Zeus has sent him, blind as he is, to find an honest man, Suσeúperov ovтш Xрîμа каi πρо πολλοῦ ἐκλελοιπὸς ἐκ τοῦ βίου, which even Lynkeus could not easily find, ἀμαυρὸν οὕτω καὶ μικρὸν ὄν. As then the good are few, and crowds of bad fill all the streets in the cities, I more readily light upon these latter in my roamings. Philo 1 84. 255. 316 M. Chrys. hom. 10-9 in Rom. (ix 517) πολλοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, κατὰ τὴν παροιμίαν, ἀρέσκει τὰ χείρω, καὶ ταῦτα αἱροῦνται, τὰ ἀμείνω παρατρέχοντες. Nägelsbach nachhomer. Theol. 322--4. Aus. id. 16 1 2 vir bonus ac sapiens, qualem vix repperit unum | milibus e multis hominum consultus Apollo. 27 THEBARUM PORTAE Thebes in Boeotia, called Eπтáжνλos by Hom. Il. Iv 406. Od. xI 263. Hes. op. 162. scut. 49. The seven heroes each assailed a separate gate (Aesch. Th. Eur. Ph. 287. Ov. tr. II 320 septem portas sub duce quamque suo). Book 3 pp. 251345 of Unger's learned paradoxa Thebana is de Thebarum portis.' DIVITIS XV 123. cf. its epithets πνpopóрos, mióTATOS, vipos, pinguis, fecundus etc. OSTIA NILI reckoning from W. to E. Plin. v § 64 the Canopic, Bolbitine, Sebennytic, Phatnitic, Mendesic, Tanitic, Pelusiac. cf. Hat. II 17. Strabo 801. Mel. I 99 (see Tzschucke v 316). Hence the epithets érráπoрos (Mosch. 2 51). septemplex (Ov. m. v 187). septemfluus (ib. xv 753). septemgeminus (Catull. 11 7. Verg. Stat.). septeno gurgite (Cl. in Ruf. 1 185. Luc.).

28 degeneracy of the age 1 147–150 n. XII 48 49. NONA AETAS (SO p w) the ninth century of the city (Borghesi

Cen

oeuvres v 72). nunc (P. Jahn) is vapid. x 246 n. 249 n. Varro 1. 1. vi § 11 saeculum spatium annorum centum vocarunt. Serv. ecl. 4 5. sorin. 17 § 15 was writing in the tenth saeculum. On the Etruscan doctrine of the world's ages Suid. Zúλλas (=DCass. fr. 102 Bekker). Plut. Sulla 7. Serv. ecl. 9 47 on 'Dionaei Caesaris astrum' Vulcatius haruspex in contione dixit cometen esse, qui significaret exitum noni saeculi et ingressum decimi. Varro's work de saeculis (Serv. Aen. vIII 526) is unhappily lost. Preller röm. Myth.1 472-8. ['Greswell origines Italicae II 633.' J. C.]

PORIBUS X 9 n.

AETAS SAECULA TEM

29 SCELERI abstract

Halm on Cic. p. Sest. § 86. Nägelsbach § 17 1 (Weidner).

30 METALLO VI 23 24 omne aliud crimen mox ferrea protulit aetas: viderunt primos argentea saecula moechos. xv 70 n. According to Hesiod there were five ages: the golden (op. 109–126), the silver (127-142), the brazen (143-155), heroes or demi-gods (156-173), the iron (174-201). Aratus mentions three: the golden (phaen. 100-114), the silver (115-128), the brazen (129-134): Ovid, four: the golden (m. 1 89-112), the silver (113-124), the brazen (125– 127), the iron (127-150). Claud. laud. Stil. 11 446-50 hic habitant vario faciem distincta metallo | saecula certa locis: illic glomerantur aena, | hic ferrata rigent, illic argentea candent; | eximia regione domus, contingere terris | difficiles, stabant rutili, grex aureus, anni. Serv. ecl. 4 4 ultima Cumaei venit iam carminis aetas: Sibyllini, quae Cumana fuit, et saecula per metalla divisit: dixit etiam quis quo saeculo imperaret et solis ultimum, id est decimum, voluit.' Sibyll. 22-86 first race; 87-103 second; 104-108 third; 109-119 fourth; 120-282 fifth, the giants, who refuse to repent at Noah's preaching; 283-305 sixth, golden or heavenly; 306-319 Titans. II 15 16 dǹ TOTE Kal γενεή δεκάτη μετὰ ταῦτα φανεῖται | ἀνθρώπων, when the Thunderer, who shakes the earth, shall break idolatry. 17-19 λaóv te tivážeľ | Púμŋs ἑπταλόφοιο, μέγας δέ τε πλοῦτος ὀλεῖται | δαιόμενος πυρὶ πολλῷ ὑπὸ φλογὸς 'HpaioTolo. (Here however the tenth generation A.D. is meant). There shall be wars, plagues and dearths 161 162 ὦ μέγα δειλοί | ὑστατίης γενεής φῶτες, κακοεργίες, αἰνοί. Macrob. comm. II 10 § 6 who can believe that the world has existed for ever, remembering the late discovery of many arts, even of agriculture, cumque ita exordium rerum et ipsius humanae nationis opinemur, ut aurea primum fuisse saecula credamus, et inde natura per metalla viliora degenerans ferro saecula postrema foedaverit? Hakewill apology iv 3 § 1.

31 HOMINUM DIVUMQUE FIDEM di immortales, obsecro vestram fidem. di vestram fidem. tuam fidem, Venus. pro deum atque hominum fidem (Brisson de formulis 1 132. VIII 20 21). Plaut. Men. v 8

4.

aul. 297-9 quin divom atque hominum clamat continuo fidem, suam rem perisse seque eradicarier, de suo tigillo fumus si qua exit foras. ib. 684 Wagner. Joined with auxilium, clientela; in fidem accipere etc. Mühlmann 276 277.

CIEMUS Liv. XXII 14 § 7 modo Saguntum oppugnari indignando nonhomines tantum, sed foedera et deos ciebamus.

32 QUANTO i.e. tanto, quanto 111 225. x 14 n. FAESIDIUM LAUDET SPORTULA III 87-91. VII 106-136. schol. ut ostendat Faesidium conductos habuisse, qui eum agentem causas magna voce laudarent.' see Plin. cited on vII 44. Hor. ep. 1 19 37 38 Obbar. II 2 87-89. Mart. vi 48 quod tam grande sophos clamat tibi turba togata, | non tu, Pomponi, cena diserta tua

est. anth. Pal. xΙ 394 ποιητὴς πανάριστος ἀληθῶς ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος, | ὅστις δειπνίζει τοὺς ἀκροασαμένους. | ἣν δ ̓ ἀναγιγνώσκῃ καὶ νήστιας οἴκαδε πέμπῃ, ] εἰς αὑτὸν τρεπέτω τὴν ἰδίαν μανίην. Gell. cited on 220.

AGENTEM XVI 49.

33 SPORTULA I 128 n. x 46 n. As it is only for the sake of the dole that the clients applaud, the dole itself is called vociferous. cf. III 20 silva. XIV 14 culina. x 45 n. officia. SENIOR 17 n. see lexx. and Stat. s. III 3 43 senior placidissime. 208. Pers. 1 22 vetule. BULLA V 164 n. XIV 5. The bulla was dedicated to the Lares on the assumption of the toga virilis. Prop. v=IV 1 131 132 mox ubi bulla rudi dimissa est aurea collo, matris et ante deos libera sumpta toga. Pers. v 31 bullaque succinctis Laribus donata pependit. VM. III 1 § 1 to Aemilius Lepidus a statua bullata et incincta praetexta was set up in the capitol, because when a boy he had slain an enemy, saved a countryman. schol. Cruq. on Hor. s. 1 5 65. Becker Gallus 11 55. SENIOR BULLA DIGNISSIME schol. ex proverbio Graeco δὶς παῖδες οἱ γέροντες. 34 VENERES charms Sen. ben. 11 28 § 1 ille non est mihi par virtutibus nec officiis, sed habuit suam venerem. The plur. also in Quintil. (of style). 36 Xen. anab. II 6 § 22 the Thessalian Menon thought perjury, lying, fraud, the shortest way to his ends; simplicity and truth he held to be all one with folly. § 25 perjurers he feared as men well armed. 37 75-89. II 149-153.

PUTET 91.

Tibull. 1 3 51 52 timidum non me periuria terrent, | non dicta in sanctos inpia verba deos. ARAE RUBENTI Pollux I 27 αἱμάσσειν τοὺς βωμούς. The blood was poured on the altar from a vessel (opórov) Eust. Od. III 445.

38-59 In such honest sort lived the first-born of earth before luppiter had driven Saturn, resigning his crown for a sickle, to fly for his life, while Iuno was a girl and Iuppiter still lived in the nursery of Ida's caves, when as yet were no feasts in heaven, no Ganymedes or Hebe to fill the cups, no Vulcan when the nectar is racked off scouring his arms dingy from the smithy of Lipara. Each god dined apart, and the crowd of gods was less. The stars satisfied with few divinities weighed but slightly on poor Atlas. Not as yet had the gloomy realm of the deep been by partition-treaty made over to one brother; grim Pluto as yet had no Sicilian wife; Ixion's wheel was not, nor Furies, nor stone of Sisyphus, nor vulture preying on Tityus; the ghosts made merry, for they owned no king or queen of hell. Dishonesty was a portent in that age, when it was counted a deadly sin not to rise before your elders, though you might boast more strawberries or larger hoards of acorns. Such reverence was accorded to four years' precedence. And children, in the springing down, revered | the sacred promise of a hoary beard.' With the scoffing tone cf. 1 10 n. 84 n. 38 INDIGENAE

aurox@oves Aen. VIII 314. On the golden age when Saturn ruled in heaven, cf. sat. vI 1-24. Verg. ecl. 4 6. g. 1 125-8. 11 536–540. Aen. VIII 319-325. Tibull. 1 3 35-50 Broukh. Prop. = 32 52 hic mos Saturno regna tenente fuit. Ov. her. 4 131-3 ista vetus pietas, aevo moritura futuro, | rustica Saturno regna tenente fuit. | Iuppiter esse pium statuit, quodcumque iuvaret. Aetna 9-15. Preller röm. Myth.1 408-418, who accepts Varro's derivation from satio (Saeturni pocolom is found in an inscription; thence Saturnus). Marquardt Iv 10. 15. Praises of earlier times sat. III 67 n. 137 seq. 312. IV 103. v 57. 110. VI 1-20. 45. 164. 287-91. 342-6 et quis tunc hominum contemptor numi..

nis? etc. VII 207-12. VIII 12. 98 99. of country life III 2. 190-2. 223-31.

X 79. VI 55. x 299 n. XI 143-161. 39 DIADEMATE VIII 259 n. Aetna 9 aurea

XIV 160-89. 239. esp.

FALCEM Verg. g.

securi quis nescit saecula regis? II 406 curvo Saturni dente. Ov. f. 1 233-6 where falcifer. v 627. Ibis 214. Mart. x1 6 1. Macrob. Sat. 17 § 24 Jan Janus ordered that Saturn should be worshipt as the founder of a better life, of which the sickle, borne by his statue, is an emblem.' cf. 8 § 9. The sickle fell to earth in Sicily; hence its fertility (ib. § 12). cf. Ap. Rh. iv 984. Pausan. VII 23 § 4. Arn. III 29 Hildebrand procreatorem deorum vitisatorem falciferum. Aug. civ. Dei vII 19. de cons. evang. 1 § 34 of Saturn nonne ipsis ostendit agriculturam, quod falce demonstrat? Schwegler 1 223—5. comm. on Fulgent. myth. 1 2 p. 628 Staveren. The falx is also an attribute of Priapus Verg. Tib. Ov. 40 SATURNUS

FUGIENS Aen. VIII 319 320 primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo, | arma Iovis fugiens et regnis exul ademptis.

41 PRIVATUS I 16 n. )( imperial. add to lexx. Tac. x 31 where )( imperii potens. id. h. 1 49 fin. of Galba maior privato visus, dum privatus fuit. Suet. Aug. 28. Plin. ep. II 1 § 2. Eutr. 19. 11. VII 16. 17. 19. VIII 1 saying of Trajan talem se imperatorem esse privatis, quales esse sibi imperatores privatus optasset. 8. IX 13 fin. 27. 28. x 2. 6.

PRIVATUS ADHUC IUPPITER XII 107. VI 14-16 multa pudicitiae veteris vestigia forsan | aut aliqua exstiterint vel sub Iove, sed Iove nondum barbato. IDAEIS IUPPITER ANTRIS Ap. Rh.. III 132-4 the beautiful toy of Zeus, which his dear nurse Adrasteia made for him ἄντρῳ ἐν Ἰδαίῳ ἔτι νήπια κουρίζοντα. Markland expressum videtur ex Ap. Rh. 1 508 509 ὄφρα Ζεὺς ἔτι φρεσὶ νήπια εἰδὼς | Δικταίον valeσKEV VTÒ σTéos.' Claud. 4 cons. Hon. 197 ab Idaeis primaevus Iuppiter antris. IDAEIS the Cretan Ida (xiv 271. Aen. III 104 105. Ov. met. VIII 99 Iovis incunabula Creten. id. amor. III 10 20), not the Phrygian Prop. IV=III 1 27 Idaeum Simoenta Iovis. Jahn's Florus p. XLII 1. 15 Creten, patriam tonantis. schol. Ap. Rh. III 134. Steph. Byz. Zknis. 42 CONVIVIA 43 PUER ILIACUS V 59 n.

46 n. 1 141 n.

IX 47.

x 171 n. From Ov. tr. 11 405 406 huc Herculis uxor, | huc accedat Hylas Iliacusque puer. Cic. Tusc. 1 § 65 non enim ambrosia deos aut nectare aut Iuventa te pocula ministrante laetari arbitror, nec Homerum audio, qui Ganymeden ab dis raptum ait propter formam, ut Iovi bibere ministraret: non iusta causa cur Laomedonti tanta fieret iniuria. fingebut haec Homerus et humana ad deos transferebat; divina mallem ad nos. cf. n. d. 1 § 112. Mart. 11 43 13 14 grex tuus Iliaco poterat certare cinaedo: | at mihi succurrit pro Ganymede manus. Hom. Il. xx 2325 ἀντίθεος Γανυμήδης, | ὃς δὴ κάλλισ τος γένετο θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων· | τὸν καὶ ἀνηρείψαντο θεοὶ Διὶ οἶνοχοεύειν κάλλεος εἵνεκα οἷο, ἵν ̓ ἀθανάτοισι μετείη. Serv. Aen. I 28. Lucian dial. deor. 4 and 5. HERCULIS UXOR Hom. Od. x1 602 603 of Herakles αὐτὸς δὲ μετ ̓ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν | τέρπεται ἐν θαλίῃς καὶ ἔχει καλλίσφυρον Ήβην. I. Iv 2 3 μετὰ δέ σφισι πότνια Ηβη | νέκταρ ἐῳvoxóel. Ov. Pont. 1 10 11 12. 44 AD CYATHOS

Prop. v=IV 8 37 Lygdamus ad cyathos. Auson. idyll. 12 'de histor.' 19 stat Iovis ad cyathum, generat quem Dardanius Tros. Hand (Turs. I 120 seq.) compares Aen. 1x 648 ad limina custos. Liv. XXXIV 6 § 13 servos ad remum.

be more regular, but it is not necessary.

ET 55. xv 125 n. nec would

Ov. m. x 92 nec tiliae molles

nec fagus et innuba laurus. ib. III 492 Burman. Obbar in Philologus VI 152. Aen. IV 236 Forbiger. Hand Tursell. 11 499. 536.

IAM SICCATO NECTARE [" comparing in Forcell. or Freund the medical use of sicco; and exsiccatus in Cicero as explained by Forcell. and compared by him with what precedes; from which it seems that the word means 'to do away with the bad humours in the blood and body,' and hence is metaphorically applied to other similar effects, I cannot help thinking the scholiast explains these words rightly 'exsiccato faeculento, aut liquefacto (nectare):' 'after he has first racked off,' 'cleared away the dregs of the nectar, and prepared it for drinking. the Spanish 'seco' and our 'dry' applied to sherry is not less curious, though the force is different." H. A. J. M.]. 44 45 TERGENS BRACCHIA in Homer when visited by Thetis II. XVIII 414 σπόγγῳ δ ̓ ἀμφὶ πρόσωπα καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρ ̓ ἀπομόργνυ. It was only by way of exception that he acted as cup-bearer (II. 1 596-600) and provoked inextinguishable laughter in Olympus. 45 BRACCHIA LIPARAEA

NIGRA TABERNA X 130-2. Stat. s. 1 5 6 7 regemque corusci | ignis adhuc fessum Siculaque incude rubentem. VFl. II 96. Lucian deor. dial. 5 § 4 Hera having cast Ganymedes in the teeth of Zeus, he retorts: 'I suppose your son Hephaestos ought to pour out our wine, limping, still all over sparks from the forge, just after he has laid aside the tongs; and from those his fingers we ought to take the cup, and draw him to us now and then for a kiss, whom even you his mother would not care to kiss with his face all begrimed with the soot.' Hera replies § 5 'now Zeus, Hephaestos is lame, and his fingers unworthy of your cup, and he is covered with soot, and you sicken at the sight of him, since Ida bred up for us τὸν καλὸν κομήτην τοῦτον. but you used not to see all this, nor did the ashes or the forge prevent you from drinking at his hand.' ib. 15 § 1, where Hermes asks Apollo how this limping smith has married the fairest of the fair, Aphrodite and Charis. It is luck, Hermes.' Claud. rapt. Pros. II 174 175. LIPARAEA I 8 n. x 132. VFl. 11 96. Kallim. Dian. 46 seq. Theokr. II 133 134 Λιπαραίω...Ηραίστοιο. Strabo 275 cl. 46 PRANDEBAT SIBI QUISQUE )( 42 convivia.

246.

TURBA DEORUM

Quintil. vI 3 § 16 sibi ludentium. Cic. n. d. 1 § 84 numerus...deorum...innumerabilis. Plin. II § 16 maior caelitum populus etiam quam hominum intellegi potest, cum singuli quoque ex semetipsis totidem deos faciant, Iunones geniosque adoptando sibi. Petron. 17 nostra regio tam praesentibus plena est numinibus, ut facilius possis deum quam hominem invenire. Sen. ep. 110 § de superstitione fr. 33 Haase (in Aug. civ. Dei vi 10) quid ergo tandem? veriora tibi videntur T. Tatii aut Romuli aut Tulli Hostilii somnia? Cloacinam Tatius dedicavit deam, Picum Tiberinumque Romulus, Hostilius Pavorem atque Pallorem, taeterrimos hominum adfectus, quorum alter mentis territae motus est, alter corporis ne morbus quidem sed color: haec numina potius credes et caelo recipies? fr. 39 omnem istam ignobilem deorum turbam, quam longo aevo longa superstitio congessit, sic adorabimus, ut meminerimus cultum eius magis ad morem quam ad rem pertinere. Aug. ib. III 17 § 3 fin. tantae numinum turbae diu frustra fuerat supplicatum. Iv 8 quaeramus, si placet, ex tanta deorum turba, quam Romani colebant, quem potissimum vel quos deos credant illud imperium dilatasse atque servasse. In this one ch. he names Cloacina, Volupia, Lubentina, Vaticanus, Cunina, Rusina, Iugatinus, Collatina, Vallonia, Segetia, Tutilina, Proserpina, Nodutus, Volutina, Patelana, Hostilina, Flora, Lacturnus, Matuta, Runcina (here Aug. re