Page images
PDF
EPUB

therefore the crowd would be greater.

SPECTACULA

spectatores. cf. XIV 24 n. curia, theatrum, 'gallery,' 'pit,' boxes.'

MAPPAE cf. 198 panni. Quintil. 1 5 § 57 mappam circo quoque usitatum nomen, Poeni sibi vindicant. Hence map, napkin, napery. The consul or praetor, by dropping a napkin, gave the signal for starting. Suet. Nero 22 universorum se oculis in circo maximo praebuit, aliquo liberto mittente mappam, unde magistratus solent. Mart. XII 29 9 cretatam praetor cum vellet mittere mappam. Tert. spect. 16 aspice populum ad spectaculum iam cum furore venientem, iam tumultuosum, iam caecum, iam de sponsionibus concitatum. tardus est illi praetor, semper oculi in urna eius cum sortibus volutantur. dehinc ad signum anxii pendent: unius dementiae una vox est... 'misit,' dicunt, et nuntiant invicem quod simul ab omnibus visum est. teneo testimonium caecitatis; non vident quid sit; mappam missam putant; sed est diaboli ab alto praecipitati figura. id. adv. Val. 36 mappa, quod aiunt, missa. novell, cv 1. Liv. vIII 40 § 2. XLV 1 §§ 6 7. DCass. LIX 7. Cedren. hist. comp. I 297 Bonn. Friedländer in Marquardt Iv 503. The mappa (dropt from a balcony over the main entrance) may be seen in Guhl und Koner fig. 486 111 325. Rich. The consular diptych of Flavius Theodorus Philoxenus (A.D. 525 in Gori thes. Flor. 1759 tab. 15) has a mappa. Ennius in Cic. de divin. 1 § 107 exspectant veluti, consulquom mittere signum | volt, omnes avidi spectant ad carceris oras, | quam mox emittat pictis e faucibus currus. 194 IDAEUM III 138.

SIMILIS TRIUMPHO PRAETOR X 36-46 n. cf. vit. Gallieni 8, where Gall. celebrates his decennia. The senate in toga, the knights, the soldiers clad in white, omni populo praeeunte with almost all the slaves, and women bearing tapers and lamps, march to the Capitol; 100 white oxen with gilt yokes and silk dorsualia of many colours, 200 white lambs, ten elephants, 1200 gladiators pompabiliter ornati cum auratis vestibus matronarum, 200 mansuetae ferae diversi generis ornatu quam maximo affectae, cheers and clapping along the route. ipse medius cum picta toga et tunica palmata inter patres, ut diximus omnibus sacerdotibus praetextatis Capitolium petit, 500 gilt spears on either side, 100 standards; standards of the collegia, of the temples and of all the legions; gentes simulatae, ut Gothi Sarmatae Franci Persae. DCass. LIV 2 B.C. 22 the direction of the games was made over to the praetors. Mommsen Staatsr. 12 397. 112 227. Serv. Aen. Iv 543 qui...triumphat, albis equis utitur quattuor et senatu praeeunte in Capitolio de tauris sacrificat. For the expression cf. Liv. IV 33 § 3 dictator...proelium ciens ipse in sinistrum cornu, quod, incendio similius quam proelio, territum cesserat flammis. ib. XXVIII 9 § 15 iret alter consul sublimis curru multiiugis, si vellet, equis; uno equo per urbem verum triumphum vehi. 195 PRAEDA CABALLORUM PRAETOR 59 n. Gron. obs. Iv 24 'qui in comparandis et instruendis ad munus equis, munere denique ipso sub vana specie honoris censum mergit. Theon progymn. 6 Aloμýdns dè Opà eis iππоτροφίαν ἐξαναλωθεὶς ἐλέχθη ὑπὸ τῶν αὑτοῦ ἵππων ἀπολωλέναι. cf. Palaeph. 4.' Suet. Nero 5 his father Cn. Domitius was such a swindler ut...in praetura mercede palmarum aurigarios fraudaverit. Vopisc. Aurelian 15 we have seen charioteers receive not prizes (praemia) but estates (patrimonia), cum darentur tunicae subsericae lineae paragaudeae, darentur etiam equi ingemiscentibus frugi hominibus. factum est enim, ut iam divitiarum sit non hominum consulatus, quia utique si virtutibus defertur, editorem spoliare non debet. DCass. LX 27 § 2. dig. vii 8

making the construction 'cum alveus foret plenus fluctu et arboris incertae, a hull of tottering mast,' gen. qual. cf. Forcellini. Scheller. Ov. m. xi 476. 551. Luc. VIII 179 descendit ab arbore summa. Plin. ep. IX 26 § 4. 33 RECTORIS Schol. ' gubernatoris.' Aen. v 161. Ov. m. x1 492 493 ipse pavet nec se, qui sit status, ipse fatetur | scire ratis rector, nec quid iubeatve vetetve. Censor, de die nat. 12 § 3. DECIDERE the technical term for a bankrupt's composition, as for other settlements: here, to compound for life with loss of cargo. Mart. Ix 3 5 6 cited x1 131 n. Sen. cons. Polyb. 12 (=30 fin.) § 1 pro horum omnium salute hac tecum portione fortuna decidit. dig. II 14 44 tutor cum plerisque creditoribus decidit, ut certam portionem acciperent. ib. vi 146 transegisse enim cum eo et decidisse videor eo pretio, quod ipse constituit. IACTU dig.

XIV 2 de lege Rhodia de iactu. acts 27 38 Wetstein.

34 CASTORA Schol. 'castorem bebrum [fibrum, Germ. biber, our beaver] dicit, qui cum viderit se obsideri et non posse evadere, testiculos suos morsu avulsos proicit: intellegit enim ob hanc rem posse capi.' Cic. p. Scaur. 2 § 7 (cf. Beier's note) redimunt se ea parte corporis, propter quam maxime expetuntur. [Ov.] nux 164-6 [utinam] possem fructus excutere ipsa meos. | sic ubi detracta est a te tibi causa pericli, | quod superest tutum, Pontice castor, habes. Sil. xv 486-490 tenuitque moratas [praeda] | a caede, ut Libycus ductor providerat, iras. | fluminei veluti deprensus gurgitis_undis | avulsa parte inguinibus causaque pericli enatat intento praedae fiber avius hosti. Ammian. xvII 5 § 7 letter of Sapor king of kings to Constantius : resign Armenia and Mesopotamia, that you may safely enjoy the rest of your empire, remembering that physicians amputate limbs to save the body; hocque bestias factitare: quae cum advertant cur maximo opere capiantur, illud propria sponte amittunt ut vivere deinde possint in pavide. schol. Nikand. ther. 565. alex. 307. Tert. adv. Marc. I 1 quis enim tam castrator carnis castor quam qui nuptias abstulit? (a passage which countenances Hertzberg's explanation; an etymological myth). Aesop. fab. 226 (p. 93 Lips. 1810). Phaedr. app. 28. Apul. met. 1 9. Ariosto XXVII 57. Barth on Gul. Brito Philippis 11 183. The fable was believed by Plin. vIII § 109. cf. XXXVII § 82 cum etiam ferae abrosa parte corporis propter quam periclitari se sciant relicta redimere se credantur. Serv. georg. 1 58. Apul. met. 1 9; rejected by Sestius ap. Plin. xxxII § 26 and Dioscorid. 11 26. See Alciat. embl. 153 with n. (Padua 1621 pp. 651-4). Whitney's emblems p. 35. Sir T. Browne vulgar errors b. III c. 4. Z. Grey's n. on Hudibras 1 2 34. Io. Jonston de quadrup. Frankf. 1650-3. p. 148. Fabricius bibliotheca Graeca ed. vet. IV 334. 341. H. E. Weber Beiträge zur Anatomie u. Physiologie des Bibers (in the Berichte üb. d. Verhandl. d. kön. sächs. Gesellsch. d. Wissensch. zu Leipzig II 1848 p. 185 seq.) gives an account of his dissection of several beavers. Cuvier (Pline vi 448) 'Le castoreum ne consiste point dans les testicules du castor; c'est une substance huileuse et fétide qui naît dans une glande adhérente au prépuce. Lorsque les conduits de cette glande sont gorgés du castoreum, il est possible que l'animal s'en debarrasse en se frottant contre des pierres ou des troncs d'arbres;' which may be the origin of the fable. The beaver seems not to have been hunted for its fur. 35 DAMNO

Phaedr. III 11 3 a eunuch had a dispute cum quodam improbo, who, among other taunts, damnum insectatus est amissi roboris. Mart. Ix 7 5 viri

litatis damna maeret ereptae. [Quintil.] decl. 5 § 12 damna corporum. 36 TESTICULI ADEO the only example in Iuv.

of hiatus in this place. L. Müller de re metr. 310 rejects it.

INTELLEGIT Plin. vIII § 7 of elephants praedam ipsi in se expetendam sciunt solam esse in armis suis, quae Iuba cornua appellat, Herodotus tanto antiquior et consuetudo melius dentes. quamobrem deciduos casu aliquo vel senecta defodiunt. § 8 circumventique a venantibus primos constituunt quibus sunt minimi, ne tanti proelium putetur, postea fessi inpactos arbori frangunt praedaque se redimunt. cf. what he says of feles x § 202. Ael. n. a. vi 34 the beaver knows the hunters' motive кal èжIkúļas kal dakŵV ἀπέκοψε τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ ὄρχεις καὶ προσέρριψεν αὐτοῖς, like a prudent man fallen among robbers, who redeems his life by a ransom. If hunted a second time, he rears καὶ ἐπιδείξας ὅτι τῆς αὐτῶν σπουδῆς οὐκ ἔχει τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, τοῦ περαιτέρω καμάτου παρέλυσε τοὺς θηρατάς. In this way they often gull the hunters: hiding τὸ σπουδαζόμενον μέρος πάνυ σοφῶς καὶ πανούργως ἐξηπάτησαν, ὡς οὐκ ἔχοντες ἃ κρύψαντες εἶχον. This legend may have arisen from a peculiar property of the beaver: 'The animal has the power of retracting its testicles into the abdomen, where they abide as a rule, except in the season of sexual excitement. It never mutilates itself' (A. H. Garrod). Fr. Jacobs cites M. Glycas ann, 55d. and the collections of Allatius on Eustath. hexa. p. 189.

intellegere (cf. intellegens, 'a connoisseur') connotes technical knowledge, here a druggist's. see lexx. esp. Mühlmann 1221-2. Cic. Verr. Iv § 33 ego antea, tametsi hoc nescio quid nugatorium sciebam esse, ista intellegere, tamen mirari solebam istum in his ipsis rebus aliquem sensum habere......ita studiosus est huius praeclarae existimationis, ut putetur in hisce rebus intellegens esse. Ov. m. XIII 295 arma. Plin. ep. i 10 §§ 3 4 nunc illas (the virtues of Euphrates) magis miror, quia magis intellego. quamquam ne nunc quidem satis intellego. ut enim de pictore sculptore fictore nisi artifex iudicare, ita nisi sapiens non potest perspicere sapientem. III 6 § 1. Plin. xxxv §§ 88. 137. Vell. cited x1 100.

38 VESTEM Collective Apul. met. XI 28 veste ipsa mea quamvis parvula distracta sufficientem corrasi summulam.

39, PURPUREAM I 27 n.

TENERIS

MAECENATIBUS 1 66 n. Mart. x 73 2-4 he had received as a present Ausoniae dona superba togae, | qua non Fabricius, sed vellet Apicius uti, vellet Maecenas Caesarianus eques. Sen. ep. 92 § 35 diserte Maecenas ait: nec tumulum curo: sepelit natura relictos. alte cinctum putes dixisse. habuit enim ingenium et grande et virile, nisi illud secunda discinxissent. comment. on Hor. s. 1 2 25. Pedo Albin. in ob. Maec. 21. 25 26 (Wernsd. p. 1. min. II 213 Lem.) quod dis cinctus eras, animo quoque, carpitur unum: | invide, quid tandem tunicae nocuere solutae? aut tibi ventosi quid nocuere sinus?

41 PECUS 'other attire, dyed on the sheep's back by the nature of the herbage.' Ipsum vestium pecus the very sheep that yield the cloth. The pastures are the banks of the Baetis (Guadalquivir). Plin. VIII § 191 quas nativas [oves] appellant, aliquot modis Hispania, nigri velleris praecipuas habet Pollentia...iam Asia rutili...item Baetica. Mart. 1 96 5 8 baeticatus...nativa laudet. XIV 133 'lacernae Baeticae' non est lana mihi mendax, nec mutor aeno; | sic placeant Tyriae; me mea tinxit ovis. id. v 37 7 quae crine vicit Baetici gregis vellus. VIII 28 5 6 an Tartessiacus stabuli nutritor Hiberi | Baetis in Hesperia te quoque lavit ove? Ix 61 3—5 qua dives placidum Cor

auтoùs vûv πроσayopeúovo) was favoured by Caligula (DCass. LIX 14), Nero (id. LXIII 6 ἡρμήλατησε τήν τε στολὴν τὴν πράσινον ἐνδεδυμένος καὶ τὸ Kρávos тÒ νOXIKOV TEρIKEίμevos), Verus (Capitol. 4), Commodus (DCass. LXXII 17. LXXIII 4), Heliogabalus (id. LXXIX 14 § 1). Each party had its supporters among the spectators (id. LXXVIII 8), and the contests between the factions often ended in bloodshed (thus Apollonius of Tyana rebuking the Alexandrians Philostr. v 26 § 2 ὑπὲρ δ ̓ ἵππων ἐνταῦθα γυμνὰ μὲν ὑμῖν ἐπ ̓ ἀλλήλοις ξίφη, βολαὶ δ ̓ ἕτοιμοι λίθων. Again at Antioch in Caligula's days between blues and greens Malal. p. 244 Bonn. The most memorable instance is the Nika riot at Constantinople A.D. 532, well described by Gibbon, c. 40 2). See Chrysost. de Lazaro concio 7 (1 790 seq.) against frequenters of the circus. Orelli inscr. 2593 seq. Bulenger de circo 47-49. Panvin. I 10. Wilken über die Partheyen der Rennbahn Berlin 1829 4to. (Akad.) Alfr. Rambaud de Byzantino hippodromo et circensibus factionibus. Paris Franck 1870. EVENTUM Amm. xiv 6 § 26

est admodum mirum videre plebem innumeram mentibus ardore quodam infuso cum dimicationum curulium eventu pendentem. haec similiaque memorabile nihil vel serium agi Romae permittunt. Plin. x § 71 Caecina, owner of some chariots, sent to his friends news of his victory by swallows inlito victoriae colore. VIRIDIS Caligula was so devoted to this colour that he dined in the green stable Suet. Cal. 55. Nero's talk from his boyhood ran chiefly on the circensian games; lamenting among his schoolfellows an accident to a green charioteer, who was dragged on the ground, he was reproved by his paedagogus; on which (Suet. 22) de Hectore se loqui ementitus est. DCass. LXI 6 §§ 1-3. Mart. also cheered the Greens xi 33 saepius ad palmam prasinus post fata Neronis pervenit et victor praemia plura refert. | i nunc, bivor edax, dic te cessisse Neroni; | vicit nimirum non Nero, sed prasinus. cf. vI 46. Friedländer 113 310. PANNI Plin. ep. Ix 6 (see n. on 53) si tamen aut velocitate equorum aut hominum arte traherentur, esset ratio non nulla: nunc favent panno, pannum amant, et si in ipso cursu medioque certamine hic color illuc, ille huc transferatur, studium favorque transibit, et repente agitatores illos, equos illos, quos procul noscitant, quorum clamitant nomina, relinquent. tanta gratia, tanta auctoritas in una vilissima tunica. 199 SI

DEFICERET Schol. 'si vinceretur prasinus.' Amm. xxvIII 4 § 29 eisque templum et habitaculum et contio et cupitorum spes omnis circus est maximus. § 30 inter quos hi, qui ad satietatem vixerunt, potiores auctoritate longaeva, per canos et rugas clamitant saepe, rem publicam stare non posse, si futura concertatione, quem quisque vindicat, carceribus non exsiluerit princeps. § 31 on the morning of the race before daybreak effusius omnes festinant praecipites ut velocitate currus ipsos anteeant certaturos: super quorum eventu discissi votorum studiis anxii plurimi agunt pervigiles noctes. Cassiod. var. III 51 transit prasinus, pars populi maeret: praecedit venetus, et potior pars civitatis affligitur. nihil proficientes ferventer insultant, nihil patientes graviter vulnerantur, et ad inanes contentiones sic descenditur, tamquam de statu periclitantis patriae laboretur.

200 CANNARUM IN PULVERE II 155. VII 163 n. x 165 n. Liv. XXII 43 §§ 10 11 Hannibal castra posuerat aversa a Vulturno vento, qui campis torridis siccitate nubes pulveris vehit. id cum ipsis castris percommodum fuit, tum salutare praecipue erat, cum aciem dirigerent, ipsi aversi, terga tantum afflante vento, in occaecatum pulvere offuso hostem pugnaturi, etc. ib. 46 § 9 ventus (Vulturnum incolae regionis vocant)

=

adversus Romanis coortus multo pulvere in ipsa ora volvendo prospectum ademit. Sil. Ix 491. cf. Sen. n. q. v 16 § 4. Flor. 1 22-11 6 § 16. Plut. Fab. 16 § 1. App. vII 20. On the Roman loss at Cannae see Liv. ib. 49. 50 §§ 1 2 pugna Cannensis, Aliensi cladi nobilitate par....strage exercitus gravior foediorque. On the panic at Rome ib. 53 (a plot formed by some nobles to desert Italy). 54 § 8 numquam salva urbe tantum pavoris tumultusque intra moenia Romana fuit. itaque succumbam oneri neque aggrediar narrare,quae edissertando minora vero fecero.

201 CONSULIBUS B.C. 216 L. Aemilius Paullus, who fell in the battle; C. Terentius Varro, who received the thanks of the senate for not having despaired of the state.

SPECTENT IUVENES

Chrys. de Anna serm. 4 (ιν 7304) ἄνθρωποι γεγηρακότες νέων ἀκμαζόντων σφοδρότερον ἐκεῖ τρέχουσι, τὴν πολιὰν καταισχύνοντες, τὴν ἡλικίαν παραδειγ ματίζοντες, τὸ γῆρας αὐτὸ καταγέλαστον ποιοῦντες. cf. 730 732.

202 SPONSIO Mart. xi 1 15 16 cum sponsio fabulaeque lassae de Scorpo fuerint et Incitato. Tertull. (supra 193 n.). Ov. a. a. I 167 168: even in the II. (XXIII 485) a wager is laid on the issue of a race. Plin. xxxIII § 28 consuetudo vulgi ad sponsiones etiamnum anulo exiliente. Trimalchio's cook, being invited to take his place at table, Petr. 70 fin. continuo Ephesum tragoedum coepit sponsione provocare, 'si prasinus proximis circensibus primam palmam.' Macrob. Sat. 1 13 17 §§ 15 16 Cleopatra uxor, quae vinci a Romanis nec luxuria dignaretur, sponsione provocavit insumere se posse in unam cenam sestertium centies. id mirum Antonio visum, nec moratus sponsione contendit, dignus sculna Munatio Planco qui tam honesti certaminis arbiter electus est. cf. Plin. Ix § 120.

CULTAE Tert. spect. 25 pudicitiam ediscet attonitus in mimos? immo in omni spectaculo nullum magis scandalum occurret, quam ipse ille mulierum et virorum accuratior cultus. ipsa consensio, ipsa in favoribus aut conspiratio aut dissensio inter se de commercio scintillas libidinum conflabellant. ADSEDISSE Cf. Hor. c. Iv 1 29 seq. nec PUELLAE Ov. amor.

opes...nec certare iuvat. III 2 65-82. a. a. I 135 seq. esp. cuius equi veniant, facito studiose requiras; nec mora; quisquis erit, cui favet illa, fave. tr. II 283 284 tollatur circus! non tuta licentia circi est : | hic sedet ignoto iuncta puella viro. cf. the precautions of Augustus Suet. 44. Procop. bell. Pers. I 24.

203-8 let our wrinkled skin drink in spring's warm sun, and fly the [cumbrous and formal] toga. Already, though it wants a full hour of noon, you may go to the bath, nor blush for the loss of a day. You could not live thus five days running, for even such delights pall. 'Tis sparing indulgence must give pleasures their zest.

203 BIBAT VERNUM CUTICULA SOLEM VII 105 n. 173 n. Mart. x 12 7 i precor et totos avida cute combibe soles. Pers. Iv 18 assiduo curata cuticula sole. ib. 33 si unctus cesses et figas in cute solem. Hor. ep. 1 20 24 Obbar. The Romans, esp. the elderly (hence Pers. v 179 aprici senes) and men of leisure (Sen. brev. vit. 13 § 1 persequi singulos longum est, quorum aut latrunculi aut pila aut excoquendi in sole corporis cura consumpsere vitam) walked (Plin. cited 204 n.) or basked (id. ep. 111 5 § 10 si quid otii, iacebat in sole. vi 16 § 5 usus ille sole, mox frigida, gustaverat iacens studebatque) in the sun after rubbing their bodies with oil. Cic. Att. xII 6 § 2 pro isto asso sole, quo tu abusus es in nostro pratulo, a te nitidum solem unctumque repetemus. The process was called insolatio, apricatio, ǹíwois, and solaria

« PreviousContinue »