48 9. XIII 44.

LEPUS V 167 n.

APER V 115 n. 116 n. PYGARGUS Schol. 'fera est in specie cervi, quae retriores partes albas habet.' A species of capra Plin. vIII § 214.

139 SCYTHICAE VOLUCRES schol. 'phasianus άTo Ts Páridos.' Pheasants occur in the fable of Solon DL. I § 51 Kroesos having arrayed himself in kingly state asked the sage whether he had ever seen a finer sight. cocks, pheasants, peacocks are adorned with a natural beauty infinitely fairer.' Known to Aristoph. and Aristot. Ptolemy Physkon in Ath. 654° says that his predecessors imported them from Media and bred them with such success that they are eaten ; but implies that he had not tasted them himself; on which the deipnosophist : had he seen us, each with a pheasant before him, beside those we have already dispatched, he would have added a 25th book to his history.' cf. Ath. 386 387°. Pallad. I 29 gives directions for keeping them. Manil. v 375-8 atque haec in luxum. iam ventri longius itur, | quam modo militiae; Numidarum pascimur oris | Phasidos et lucis; arcessitur inde macellum, | unde aurata novo devecta est aequore pellis. Colum. VIII 8 § 10 illos qui Ponticum Phasim et Scythica stagna Maeotidis eluant. iam nunc Gangeticas et Aegyptias aves temulenter eructant. Plin. xxi § 43 huius [alvi] gratia praecipue avaritia expetit, huic luxuria condit, huic navigatur ad Phasim, huic profundi vada exquiruntur. XIX § 52 mergi enim, credo, in profunda satius est et ostrearum genera naufragio exquiri, aves ultra Phasim amnem peti ne fabuloso quidem terrore tutas, immo sic pretiosiores, alias in Numidia Aethiopiaque in sepulchris aucupari. Petron. 93 (cited 16 n.). 119 36. Mart. III 58 16. xiii 45. 72. Suet. Cal. 22 hostiae erant phoenicopteri, pavones,...phasianae, quae generatim per singulos dies immolarentur. Stat. s. 1 6 75-78 at an entertainment in the amphitheatre clouds of birds were let loose quas Nilus sacer horridusque Phasis, | quas udo Numidae legunt sub Austro. Lucian. navig. 23 ὄρνις ἐκ Φάσιδος καὶ ταὼς ἐξ Ινδίας καὶ ἀλεκτρυὼν ὁ Nouadiкós. Capitol. Pert. 12 phasianum numquam privato convivio comedit aut alicui misit. Lampr. Alex. Sev. 37 Iovis epulo et Saturnalibus et huiusmodi festis diebus phasianus. ed. Diocl. Iv 17 20. Iulian, by advice of Constantius, forbad it to be served Amm. xvi 5 § 3 fasianum et vulvam et sumen exigi vetuit et inferri, munificis militis vili et fortuito cibo contentus. Ambr. hexaem. vi § 5 exquisitum illud et accuratum opipare convivium, in quo phasiani aut turturis species apponitur, et intus pullus manducatur, aut pullus infertur, et ostreis est fartus aut spondylis. Hehn Kulturpflanzen und Hausthiere2 Berlin 1874 316-9. PHOENICOPTERUS Mart. III 58 14. XIII 71. The tongue (Plin. x § 133) and brain (Lampr. Heliog. 20) of the flamingo were most esteemed. See Suet. Vit. 13. Forcellini.

140 ORYX Plin. x § 201 orygem perpetuo sitientia Africae generant ex natura loci potu carentem, et mirabili modo ad remedia sitientium; namque Gaetuli latrones eo durant auxilio, repertis in corpore eorum saluberrimi liquoris vesicis. a kind of capra id. vIII § 214 soli quibusdam dicti con. trario pilo vestiri et ad caput verso. id. x1 § 255 unicorne et bisulcum oryx. id. II § 107. Oppian (ven. II 445 seq. cf. Mart. xIII 95) speaks of its ferocity. LAUTISSIMA 1 n. Mart. xII 48 5 lauta tamen 141 ULMEA

cena est: fateor lautissima. wooden models of the various dishes to be carved; the joints were slightly fastened together, so that the pupil could sever them with a blunt knife. So blunt rasors were used by prentice hands Petron. 94 fin. rudis...novacula et in hoc retusa, ut pueris discentibus audaciam tonsoris daret, instruxerat

thecam. cf. 108.

SUBURA 51 n.

142-161 My waiter, a raw novice, flesht on homely scraps, has no skill to filch a slice of venison or wing of guineafowl. Coarsely, but warmly clad, my boy will serve plain cups that cost but a few halfpence. No Phrygian he or Lycian [bought in the slave-market and bought dear]: when you call for wine, call in Latin. All are drest alike, with straight hair cut short, combed to-day in special honour of the feast. The one is a shepherd's, the other a cowherd's son. A lad of modest look and a modest blush, that would become freeborn wearers of the dazzling purple praetexta: he pines for a holiday to see his mother and cottage home and old friends the kids. His skin is still smooth without help of art; his voice not yet broken. The wine he hands to you was bottled on his native hills; he is the grape's own countryman.

142 CAPREAE cf. dama (121), pygargus (138), oryx (140). Hor. s. 11 4 43 vinea submittit capreas non semper edules.

SUBDUCERE

to purloin Sen. ep. 1 § 1 quaedam tempora eripiuntur nobis, quaedam subducuntur, quaedam effluunt. AFRAE AVIS 139 n. Varro

r. r. III 9 § 18 gallinae Africanae sunt grandes, variae, gibberae, quas μeλeaɣpidas appellant Graeci. hae novissimae in triclinium ganearium introierunt e culina propter fastidium hominum. veneunt propter penuriam magno. Hor. epod. 2 53 non Afra avis descendat in ventrem meum | iucundior. Mart. XIII 45. 73. 111 58 15 Numidicaeque guttatae. Colum. VIII 2 § 2 Africana est, quam plerique Numidicam dicunt, Meleagridi similis, nisi quod rutilam galeam et cristam capite gerit, quae utraque sunt in Meleagride caerulea. ib. 12. Petron. (cited 16 n.). Plin. xxxvII $ 40. Probably our guinea-fowl (Becker Gallus 1 97), which are found in Arabia, and are (according to Speke) the commonest winged game in East Africa Hehn 313-6. Reintroduced into Europe by the Portuguese they now run wild in America. 143 NOVIT with

inf. To Haupt's exx. (opusc. III 565) add Ambr. hexaëm. v 6 terrena [mustella] se novit vindicta foetoris ulcisci. ib. vI § 26 vix infantulo coeperunt dentes prorumpere, et iam novit sua arma temptare. id. de Parad. § 40 noverat...hominem peccaturum? Symm. or. pro patre 7 fin. noverant non licere.

TIRUNCULUS not

like the footmen of great houses, an expert thief. 144 OFELLAE from offa, as mamilla from mamma, farina from farris. Munro on Lucr. In 504. Mart. x 48 15 et quae non egeant ferro structoris ofellae. XII 48 17 me meus ad subitas invitet amicus ofellas (to potluck). XIV 221. 145 PLEBEIOS CALICES V 38-48 n. not of gems or gold Mart. x 49. id. XIV 94 1 non sumus audacis plebeia toreumata vitri. PAUCIS ASSIBUS EMPTOS Mart. Ix 59 22 asse duos calices emit. 146 INCULTUS PUER Sen. tranq. 1 § 7 placet minister incultus et rudis vernula. Mart. v 66 9 10 nec tener Argolica missus de gente minister, | sed stetit inculti rustica turba foci. A FRIGORE TUTUS I 93. IX 68 quid dicam scapulis puerorum aquilone Decembri? III 170 n. XIV 185-8. wearing warm and coarse clothing, not, like a favorite page in a great house (III 186 seq. v 56 seq. n. Mart. vII 80 9), rustling in silks, or naked. Sen. brev. vit. 12 § 5 quam diligenter exoletorum suorum tunicas succingant. With these lines cf. the boast of C. Gracchus, rendering an account of his administration of Sardinia Gell. xv 12 § 2 neque pueri eximia facie stabant et in convivio liberi vestri modestius erant quam apud principia. § 3 I was two years in the province: si cuiusquam servulus propter me sollicitatus est, think me the vilest of mankind. Clem. Al. paed. III § 26 oivoxówv

τε ὅμιλος ἀσκεῖται παρ' αὐτοῖς καὶ μειρακίων ὡραίων ἀγέλαι καθάπερ θρεμμάτων, παρ ̓ ὧν ἀμέλγονται τὸ κάλλος,

147 PHRYX AUT LYCIUS V 56 n. flos Asiae. Hermippus in Ath. 27' ἀνδράποδ ̓ ἐκ Φρυγίας. Eurip. ΑΙΚ. 675 676 ὦ παῖ, τίν' αὐχεῖς, πότερα Λυδὸν ἢ Φρύγα | κακοῖς ἐλαύνειν ἀργυρώνητον σέθεν; Aristoph. av. 1244. Polyb. Iv 38 § 4. Strab. 304. Ael. v. h. x 14. paroemiogr. 1 95 Leutsch Φρὺξ ἀνὴρ πληγεὶς ἀμείνων καὶ διακονέστερος. νωθροὶ γὰρ δοκοῦσιν οἱ Φρύγες οἰκέται. DL. II 75 Simos steward of Dionysios was Φρὺξ καὶ oλepos. Luc. dial. mort. 9 § 4. On the various nations from which slaves were brought, cf. I 104 n. v 53 n. 56 n. VII 15 n. 16 n. Luc. X 127-135. Marquardt v (1) 165. Indian slaves Philostr. soph. 1 8 § 4. MANGONE Cf. I 111 n. Sen. de const. sap. II 13 § 4. id. ben. Iv 13 § 3 mercator urbibus prodest, medicus aegris, mango venalibus. sed omnes isti, quia ad alienum commodum pro suo veniunt, non obligant eos quibus prosunt. id. ep. 80 § 9 mangones quicquid est quod displiceat, aliquo lenocinio abscondunt: itaque ementibus ornamenta ipsa suspecta sunt: sive crus adligatum sive bracchium adspiceres, nudari iuberes et ipsum tibi corpus ostendi. dig. L 16 207 mercis appellatione homines non contineri Mela ait: et ob eam rem mangones non mercatores sed venaliciarios appellari ait, et recte. ib. xx1 1 44 § 1. Quintil. decl. 340 videtur mangoni puer pretiosus: timuit ne magno aestimaretur ...iudicetis, quam multa facere possit adversus puerum mango iratus: aut illi fortasse pretium exsecta virilitate producet, aut ob infelicis contumeliae annos venibit in aliquod lupanar. res est nobis cum homine, qui non erubescit, nihil reservat, etiam periculose avarus est. cf. Mart. vII 80 9 Mitylenaei roseus mangonis ephebus. 1x 59 3-6. Marquardt v (1) 178 179. 148 ET MAGNO v 56 n. schol. 'quales vendunt care manciparii.' POSCES, POSCE Cic. Verr. 1 § 66 poscunt maioribus poculis. cf. Hor. epod. 9 33 Lambin. s. II 8 35 et calices poscit maiores. Quintil. x1 3 § 117 gestum poculum poscentis. LATINE not in Greek III 61 n. VI 185-199 e.g. nam quid rancidius, quam quod se non putat ulla | formosam, nisi quae de Tusca Graecula facta est? |...omnia graece. Quintil. 1 12 § 9 noviciis nostris per quot annos sermo latinus repugnat!

149 IDEM HABITUS see the wardrobe of a delicatus in Stat. s. II 1 128-35. TONSI Hor. ep. 1 18 7 Obbar. Mart. Ix 36 11 tibi si dederit vultus coma tonsa viriles. III 58 30 31 et paedagogo non iubente lascivi | parere gaudent vilico capillati. Marquardt v (1) 152 on the fashionable glabri, comati, criniti, crispuli, cincinnatuli. Sen. ep. 119 § 14 si pertinere ad te iudicas, quam crinitus puer et quam perlucidum tibi poculum porrigat, non sitis.

RECTI not curled Hor. s. 11 8 69 70 ut omnes | praecincti recte pueri comptique ministrent. Sen. ep. 95 § 24 transeo agmina exoletorum per nationes coloresque descripta, ut eadem omnibus levitas sit, eadem primae mensura lanuginis, eadem species capillorum, ne quis, cui rectior est coma, crispulis misceatur. Apul. met. II 19 pueri calamistrati pulchre indusiati gemmas formatas in pocula vini vetusti frequenter offerre. Petron. 102 fin. 150 PEXI VI 26 27. Pers. I 15 Jahn. Tac. d.

20 (metaph.) impexam antiquitatem. Marquardt v (2) 202.

151 PASTORIS DURI HIC EST FILIUS, ILLE BUBULCI V 52–55 n. They camp out in the mountains and dress in sheepskins. Colum. 1 8 § 2 socors et somniculosum genus id [urbanum] mancipiorum otiis campo circo theatris aleae popinae lupanaribus consuetum...eligendus est rusticis operibus ab infante duratus. Mart. x 98 addat cum mihi Caecu

auтoùs vûv πроσαyopeúovor) was favoured by Caligula (DCass. LIX 14), Nero (id. LXIII 6 ἡρμήλατησε τήν τε στολὴν τὴν πράσινον ἐνδεδυμένος καὶ τὸ Kρávos тÒ VOXIKÒV πEρIKEίμevos), Verus (Capitol. 4), Commodus (DCass. LXXII 17. LXXIII 4), Heliogabalus (id. LXXIX 14 § 1). Each party had its supporters among the spectators (id. LXXVIII 8), and the contests between the factions often ended in bloodshed (thus Apollonius of Tyana rebuking the Alexandrians Philostr. v 26 § 2 ὑπὲρ δ ̓ ἵππων ἐνταῦθα γυμνὰ μὲν ὑμῖν ἐπ ̓ ἀλλήλοις ξίφη, βολαὶ δ ̓ ἕτοιμοι λίθων. Again at Antioch in Caligula's days between blues and greens Malal. p. 244 Bonn. The most memorable instance is the Nika riot at Constantinople A.D. 532, well described by Gibbon, c. 40 2). See Chrysost. de Lazaro concio 7 (1 790 seq.) against frequenters of the circus. Orelli inscr. 2593 seq. Bulenger de circo 47-49. Panvin. I 10. Wilken über die Partheyen der Rennbahn Berlin 1829 4to. (Akad.) Alfr. Rambaud de Byzantino hippodromo et circensibus factionibus. Paris Franck 1870. EVENTUM Amm. XIV 6 § 26

est admodum mirum videre plebem innumeram mentibus ardore quodam infuso cum dimicationum curulium eventu pendentem. haec similiaque memorabile nihil vel serium agi Romae permittunt. Plin. x § 71 Caecina, owner of some chariots, sent to his friends news of his victory by swallows inlito victoriae colore. VIRIDIS Caligula was so devoted to this colour that he dined in the green stable Suet. Cal. 55. Nero's talk from his boyhood ran chiefly on the circensian games; lamenting among his schoolfellows an accident to a green charioteer, who was dragged on the ground, he was reproved by his paedagogus; on which (Suet. 22) de Hectore se loqui ementitus est. DCass. LXI 6 §§ 1-3. Mart. also cheered the Greens xi 33 saepius ad palmam prasinus post fata Neronis pervenit et victor praemia plura refert. | i nunc, bivor edax, dic te cessisse Neroni; | vicit nimirum non Nero, sed prasinus. cf. vi 46. Friedländer 113 310. PANNI Plin. ep. 1x 6 (see n. on 53) si tamen aut velocitate equorum aut hominum arte traherentur, esset ratio non nulla: nunc favent panno, pannum amant, et si in ipso cursu medioque certamine hic color illuc, ille huc transferatur, studium favorque transibit, et repente agitatores illos, equos illos, quos procul noscitant, quorum clamitant nomina, relinquent. tanta gratia, tanta auctoritas in una vilissima tunica. 199 SI

DEFICERET Schol. 'si vinceretur prasinus.' Amm. xxvIII 4 § 29 eisque templum et habitaculum et contio et cupitorum spes omnis circus est maximus. § 30 inter quos hi, qui ad satietatem vixerunt, potiores auctoritate longaeva, per canos et rugas clamitant saepe, rem publicam stare non posse, si futura concertatione, quem quisque vindicat, carceribus non exsiluerit princeps. § 31 on the morning of the race before daybreak effusius omnes festinant praecipites ut velocitate currus ipsos anteeant certaturos: super quorum eventu discissi votorum studiis anxii plurimi agunt pervigiles noctes. Cassiod. var. III 51 transit prasinus, pars populi maeret: praecedit venetus, et potior pars civitatis affligitur. nihil proficientes ferventer insultant, nihil patientes graviter vulnerantur, et ad inanes contentiones sic descenditur, tamquam de statu periclitantis patriae laboretur.

200 CANNARUM IN PULVERE II 155. VII 163 n. x 165 n. Liv. XXII 43 §§ 10 11 Hannibal castra posuerat aversa a Vulturno vento, qui campis torridis siccitate nubes pulveris vehit. id cum ipsis castris percommodum fuit, tum salutare praecipue erat, cum aciem dirigerent, ipsi aversi, terga tantum afflante vento, in occaecatum pulvere offuso hostem pugnaturi, etc. ib. 46 § 9 ventus (Vulturnum incolae regionis vocant)

nepotes gestiret, gaudens matri indicavit. 157 VELLENDAS ALAS VIII 16 n. 114 n. Theopomp. in Ath. 260°. Menand. ὀργή fr. 1. Plaut. aul. 398 399 tu istum gallum, si sapis | glabriorem reddes mihi quam volsus ludiust. Sen. ep. 47 § 7 alius vini minister in muliebrem modum ornatus cum aetate luctatur. non potest effugere pueritiam: retrahitur, iamque militari habitu glaber retritis pilis aut penitus avulsis tota nocte pervigilat, quam inter ebrietatem domini ac libidinem dividit et in cubiculo vir, in convivio puer est. ib. 56 § 2 alipilum cogita tenuem et stridulam vocem, quo sit notabilior, subinde exprimentem nec umquam tacentem, nisi dum vellit alas et alium pro se clamare cogit. ib. 114 § 14 alter se plus iusto colit, alter plus iusto neglegit. ille et crura, hic ne alas quidem vellit. id. brev. vit. 12 § 5 convivia mehercules horum non posuerim inter vacantia tempora, cum videam, ...quam suspensi sint,...qua celeritate signo dato glabri ad ministeria discurrant. Mart. 11 63 6 (cited infra 162). IX 27. Suet. Caes. 45 (practised by Caesar). Quintil. 11 5 § 12 Spalding. DChrys. or. 33 fin. (11 31 32 R). Cypr. testim. III 84 non vellendum. Marquardt v (1) 152. (2) 201 (the chin). Gudius on Phaedr. Iv 4 22. Forbiger 12 368.

ALAS X 178 n. Theophr. char. 19 makes it a mark of the δυσχερής to have shaggy arm-pits τὰς μασχάλας θηριώδεις καὶ δασείας ἔχειν axpi èπi Toli тŵν т\еUрŵν. The ancients wore no sleeves. Catull. 69 6 Ellis. Hor. ep. 1 5 29 Obbar. 158 GUTO III 263 n. 159 DIFFUSA V 30 n. home-made wines, not Chian or Falernian. Mart. v 66 8 vina ruber fudit non peregrina cadus. 161 Markland 'quodnam opus hoc versu

ei qui legerit duos praecedentes?'

162-182 No Spanish girls will sing and toss a fandango to the clapping of my guests; though wives at their husbands' sides sit to watch what one would blush but to name in their hearing. Such sports are sins in the poor; to the rich they are nettles of jaded appetite, condoned or admired for such wild tricks as gentlemen should have.' At my board expect other entertainment: Homer and his rival Virgil shall be read; what need of trained voice to give effect to verse like theirs? 162 GADITANA 172 n.

x 1 n. Mart. often speaks of the voluptuous dances of his countrywomen (the 'Lolas and Pepitas' maintaining the succession, Hertzberg) 1 41 12 de Gadibus improbus magister. 61 9 iocosae Gades. III 63 5 6 qui Gaditana susurrat, | qui movet in varios bracchia vulsa modos. v 78 26-28 (in an invitation to a frugal meal) nec de Gadibus improbis puellae vibrabunt sine fine prurientes | lascivos docili tremore lumbos. XIV 203. Quintil. 1 2 § 8 complaining of the corruption of children at home omne convivium obscenis canticis strepit, pudenda dictu spectantur. cf. Savar. on Sidon. ep. 1 2 fin. p. 20. Plin. ep. 1 15 §§ 2 3 audisses comoedos vel lectorem vel lyristen vel, quae mea liberalitas, omnes. at tu apud nescio quem ostrea, vulvas, echinos, Gaditanas maluisti. O. Jahn in Sitzungsber. der sächs. Akad. Leipz. 1851 168 seq. (For the quantity (i) L. Müller de re metr. 367 compares Antipolitanus, Massilitanus, Tauromenitanus, Tomitanus, Tuditanus). Forbiger 12 220. Marquardt v (1) 64. 157. Friedländer III1 248. 250. Macrob. Sat. III 14= 10 § 4 speaks of the practice as obsolete: dic enim, Hore qui antiquitatem nobis obicis, ante cuius triclinium modo saltatricem vel saltatorem te vidisse meministi? Plut. qu. conv. vII 8 4 § 4 speaking of the class of mimes called ralyvia, which respectable masters would not allow the boys that carry their shoes to