IV. ...bycome 284... cum 235........come 184, 244, 314, 385, 440.......ouer-cumen 339 From the old reduplicating verbs we have the following, in eo: bifell 324, 368, byfell 304, fell 153, 269, knew 13, 28. In e: (hete 257). From old preterite presents: durst 29, 76; mot 127; may 5, 9, 83, 94, 95, 110, 130, 376, might 170, 222, 265, 286, 289, 357, 448, moght 56, 442; sal(l) 72, 86, 111, 117, 212, 279, suld 31, 311; will 79, 213, 241, willed 338, wald 142, 207, 219, 312, 351. Anomolous verbs are represented in the text by the following forms: inf. be, pt. was, pp. bene; inf. ga, pt. zode; inf. do, pt. did. ADVERBS. Adverbs usually end in -ly: trewly, parfitely, smertly, stoutly, halily; once in -i: wiseli; frequently in -e: wele, tite, rathe; otherwise with out ending or irregular. PREPOSITIONS. A list of the prepositions in their proper order may be found with their respective case government in the glossary. Since noun inflections in this text are so little to be relied upon, we must decide in many instances the case employed by the methods of Mn. English, in general the dative being the case of the indirect object, the accusative the case of the direct. The genitive is frequently expressed by means of the preposition of. Source, possession (benefit, instrumentality, interest,) with the preposition of, seem to convey a more distinctively dative than genitive idea. IV. PHONOLOGY OF THE STRESSED VOWELS. [The vowels and diphthongs here given are classified alphabetically according to their Middle English forms. The stem only of a word series is given, except in cases of compound words and where an inflection serves to make the placing of a word intelligible. There has been no attempt made to classify words according to their Middle English sounds. References given at the head of each group apply to the general type of the group, cases of special reference immediately follow the word under consideration. The abbreviations refer to the following authorities.] Gr., Grammar of Old English. Eduard Sievers, ed. A. S. Cook. Boston, 1887. Cosijn. Altwestsächsische Grammatik. P. J. Cosijn. Haag. 1888. Kluge. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Strassburg, 1883. Maetzner. Altenglische Sprachproben. 1885. Eduard Mätzner. Berlin. 1878 Frank Fischer; Publ. Fischer. The Stressed Vowels of Elfric's Homilies. of Mod. Lang. Asso. Vol. IV. No. 2. 1889. MS. ASH. 43. I. WEST GERMANIC. 1. WS. a, WG, a (Gr. 11): MIDDLE ENGLISH a. ac, 25, 37, 75, 97. 134, 172, 202, 210, 226; habb, 95, 101, 144, 150, 154, 254, (Morsb. 102.2); knaue, 144; made, 53, 109, 138, 218; naked, 177; -sake, 130;-wake, 102. 2. WS. a (a through umlaut), WG. a (Gr. 10; 50): fader, 62;-gadere, 180; habbe. 53, 74, 147, 255, hadde, 14, 67. 132, 145, 146, hast, 15, 24, 29, 97, 103, 111, 204, haþ, 105, 119, 120, haue, 128. 3. WS. q. WG. a, before nasals (Gr. 51.2; 65): an, 125; an (Gr. 65.2), 70; can, 118; fram, 2, 26, 35, 55, 190; gan, 58, 167, 178, 238; man, 5, 46, 130; name, 250. 4. WS. a, WG. a (Gr. 49): after, 30, 48, 65, 125, 253, 258; at, 1, 84; bad, 44; dawe, 142; quaþ (see G1.); sat, 231; stalward, 1682, 169 (cf. Gr. 202.3. Note 2); slawe (Gr. 50.2) 238; þat (see G1.); vaste, 21, 178; walmes, 231; war, 53; was, 1, 5, 13, 181, 221; wat, 80, 108, 137, 168, 182; water, 229. 5. WS. a, WG. ai (Gr. 13): a, 5, 16, 54, 55, 56, 154, 160, 188, 194, 196, 201, 218, 219, 220, 227, 239, 246, 250, an, 20, 31, 46; axst, 188; hal-, 59, 250; ham-, 238. 6. WS. & (umlaut of a, WG. ai (Gr. 17.1; 90): ar, 2; clan, 30; lad-, 129, 181, 221; lasse, 158, 159 (Morsb. 96.2);-last, 75, 220. 7. WS. æ, WG. a, Germ. è (Gr. 17.2; 90): gradde, 222; radde, 60; war, 48, 65, 85, 88, 174. 8. WS. ea, Germ. a, (a) before r+consonant (Gr. 79): art, 116, 159, 204, 205, art-, 183, 185; hard-, 23, 138, 191; warde, 19, 165, wardeyn, 20. (b) before +consonant (Gr. 80): al, 24, 30, 89, 195, 219, 229, 255, alle, 62, 166, 248, 252; as, 3, 13, 17, 26, 43, 46, 54, 72, 82, 88, 90, 97, 98, 118, 139, 188, 194, 216, 217; al-, 20, 91, 116, 118, 121, 196, 256; half, 238, 241, 243, 2442; halt, 24. 9. WS. ea (palatal+a), WG. a (Gr. 75.1): gaf, 66; schal, 41, 42, 162, 188, 196, 224, 227; schalt, 36, 42, 114, 116, 189, 190, 216. 10. WS. éa, WG. a preceded by palatal (Gr. 74): gare, 120. II. OLD NORSE. caste, 76, 179, 219, 229, lawe, 141, take, 217. III. CELTIC. cradel, 2 (origin uncertain, Murray). IV. ROMANCE (Schwan, 270). belamy 149, 161, angel, 20, 28, 33, 42, 69, 83, 85, 105, 131, 174, 176; chambre, 68, 87, 132; chaste, 73; dame, 198, 207; grante, 16, 80; grace, 83, 231, 246; ianglinge, 161; alas, 223; maner, 76, 187; marie, 10; martir-, 78, 180, 253, 259, martred, 48, 135, 139; pal, 7 (Morsb. 107.5); place, 84, 232; sacrifice, 162, 172, 208. MIDDLE ENGLISH e. I. WEST GERMANIC. 1. WS. e, WG. ë (Gr. 19.1): beggare (?) (of uncertain origin, Murray), 160; helpe, 110; ne (see Gl.), quell-, 144, 233, 235. 237; queþe, 143, 163; speke, 41, 87; stele, 136; wel, 2, 44, 103, 147, 200, 201, 241. 2. WS. ę, ż-umlaut of a or o̟, WG. a (Gr. 89): bedde, 13; bet, 64, 186; ende, 155, 189, 206, 227, helle, 35, 156, 216; -hered, 51; lete, 22, 164; lengore, 230; men, 38, 45, 47, 134, 139, 140, 163, 171, 176, 254, me, 47, 52, 85, 135, 137, 221, 229, 233, 242, me-, 48; sende, 39, 50, 228, 248; segge, 212, strengþe, 5; telle, 16, 36, þen, 31, 42, 54, 70, 92, 103. III, 112, 158, 160, 186, 197, 232; þence-, 90, 92, 148, 149, 187, 203; wemmed, 12; wen, 9, 125, 135, 153, 156, 189, 198, 203, 205; wende, 44, 67, 85, 134, 156, 190, 247, 256; werede, 7. 3. WS. a, later æ, WG. a, with ecthlipsis of g (Gr. 214.3): sede, 29, 50, 51, 60, 73, 87, 89, 107, 111, 113, 149, 182, 209, 223, 255 (Gr. 89. Note 1). 4. WS. eo, (a) breaking of e before r+consonant (Gr. 79.1): -berne, 121, 122; derk-, 169; gerne, 4, 119; herte, 12, 190; verrore, 230; werc, 109. (b) by u-umlaut (Gr. 106.1): clep-, 52, 192; henne, 37; heuene, 55, 59, 105, 122, 148, 174, 176. (c) by o-umlaut (Gr. 109, b): suere, 235. 5. Representative of WS. że, palatal umlaut of WG. e (Gr. 75.3): gelpest, 197; -gete, 21. 6. WS. y, z-umlaut of WG. u: verst 102, uerst, 102. 7. WS. y, contraction of ¿+u: be, 2301. 8. Contraction of WS. e+i, WG. ë: nele, 322, 126, 215, nelleþ, 75, 76, 158. 9. WS. ē, Germ. è (Gr. 21.1): her, 21, 63, 191; here, 90, 95, 122; het, 6, 165, 172, 173, 217; lette, 3. 10. WS. ě, z-umlaut of WG. ō (Gr. 21.2, 94): breþeren, 134; dest, 63, 79, 184; fet, 49; grepe, 154; suete, 15, 19, 33, 251, 259, twenti, 257; verde, 217; -uere, 96; -seche, 127; wep-, 156, 225. II. WS. è, the result of secondary lengthening. he, ge, me, þe, we (see G1). 12. WS. ē, representative of ie, ¿-umlaut of ea (Gr. 21.4; 97; 99): geme, 26; kep-, 150, 161, 207; lef, 137, 212, -leue, 27, 32, 34, 61, 64, 98, 106, 115,130, 215, 241, leu-, 63, 141, 145, 214; repe, 153, 155. 13. WS. æ, -umlaut of a, Germ. ai (Gr. 17.1): clene, 25, 73, 86, 115; delede, 245; ech, 26, 62 (Gr. 347.1); enes, 190, 246; eny, 54, 70, 112, 124; er, 53, 103; euer, 75, 101, 186; lede, 58, 128, 170, 176, 218, leue, 74, 241; lere, 185; mest, 11; neuer, 75, 76, 90, 154, 158; teche, 39. 14. WS. æ, WG. a, Germ. è (Gr. 17.2; 57.2): ber, 56, 174, bleddore (Kluge), 194; drede, 57; grede (Mätzner), 167; here, 8; let, 12, 46, 130, 144, 1772, 178, 234, met- 1003, 101; nere, 123; red(e), 30, 59, 79, 112, 114, 118, 210; slepe, (cf. Cosijn, 82.3), 102, þer-, 56, 88, 140, were, 82, 88, 91, 120, 124, 217, 228, 234; 96, 121, 143; 134, 141; 48, 137, 139, 142, 170, 171, 186, 252. 15. WS. ea, by palatal umlaut (Gr. 101): ge, 104; -gen, 24. 67, 131, 141, 160; ger, 89, 257 (Gr. 102); next (Gr 101, a), 8. 16. WS. ea, WG. au (Gr. 63): bed, 59, 249, 254; bete, 178; ded, 244, deb, 162, 199, 201, 203, 204, 2052, 206, 208, 230, 233, 234, 236; eke, 157, 210; gret, 6, 36, 218; heued, 233, heden, 173; hewe. 240; led, 219; rede, 91; scewe, 28; screwe, 182, 217, 239. 17. WS. ea, WG. a+o (Gr. 111): sle, 32. 18. WS. ¿o, (a) WG. eu (Gr. 40. 1; 64): dere, 236; lef-, 20, 27; lese, 224, 226, lene, 95, 99, 107, 113, 127; seke, 196; sep, 220, 2292. (b) influence of w on WG. e (Gr. 73. 1): heu, 76, 184; tre, 109, 211; trewe, 73; þreu, 47; -kneu, 48. (c) contractions, ¿+o (Gr. 113); e+o (Gr. 114. 1); preterits of red. vbs. be, ibe (see G1.); frendes, 5; -þe (Gr. 403); 158, þre, 37, 180, 235, 257; vel, 49, 57; -se, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 42, 63, 96, 98, 102, 189, 212, 213, 242. II. OLD NORSE. hem, þem, (see Gl. he); reupe, 244; verisore, 92; welluwe, 75. III. ROMANCE (Schwan, 271). best, 112; certes, 158, 162, 200; cler, 170; emperours, 138, 140; gerlans, 8, 70, 95; ihesu, 4, 34, 38, 190, 247, 256, -leue, 169; menstrales, 9; menstrasie, 9; merci, 128; prechede, 231, 247, 254; semblance, 145, 146, 147; sergant, 204, 205; seruice, 251; trechours, 141; tresour, 8; vers, 11; vestemens, 56; werreour, 52. MIDDLE ENGLISH ¿, I. WEST GERMANIC. I. WS. i, WG. ¿ (Gr. 23; 45; 54): (a) in closed syllables, (see G1.); ich, (see Gl. 7); in, -inne, (see Gl.); he); is (see Gl. be); 220; midde, 219; prick, 10, 44, 88, 225; swipe, 7, 68; þis, (see Gl.); þridde, 253; wille, 30, 43, 255, wil-, 81, 151; witte, 94; wiþ, (see G1.); write 56, 59; iwis, 28, 202, 206, 214. (b) before -nd (Gr. 124.1.): find-, 3, 72; -hinde, 193. (c) before -ng (Gr. 124.1): bring-, 162, 163, 260; þing, 62, 86, 110, 145, 213, 223. (d) before -nc (Gr. 124. 1): drink-, 151; (e) before -ld (Gr. 124. 3): milde, 54; wilde, 53. (ƒ) in open syllables : gidi, 209, 210, 214, 215, 216, -priked, 195; -tilien, 152; wit-, 4, 26, 35, 73, 244; -write, 3. 2. Representative of WS. y, i-umlaut of WG. u (Gr. 31): chirche, 250. 3. WS. ie, i-umlaut of ea, WG. a (Gr. 97): ligeþ, 152 (Gr. 98. a). 4. WS. że, palatal umlaut of ea, WG. a (Gr. 82; 101): migt, 18, 23, 35, 51, 92, 96, 98, 122, 201, 202, 203, 204, 212, 213, 233, 242, 246; nygt, 13, 229. (Gr. 98, Note; 31, Note). 5. WS. ie, i-umlaut of eo, WG. ¿ (Gr. 41. 1; 100): hire (gs., ds., as. see Gl.) (Gr. 109. b). 6. WS. że, palatal umlaut of eo, WG. e (Gr. 83; 101): brigt-, 70; figt, 24, 169; rigt, 106, 140, 142, 203, 257; sigt, 105. 7. WS. ie, WG. e, preceded by a palatal (Gr. 75.3): giue, 188. 8. WS. ie, ite (Gr. 114.3): hi (np. see Gl.). |