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Canadian people, amongst whom special interest had been aroused by King Edward's creation of the entente cordiale with France, something earnest and sympathetic as well as loyal in expression, was expected and was certainly realized. The Legislature in its Address to King George (May 10) put the feelings of the people in the following expressive words:

We mourn the loss in him of a monarch whose chief aim was to draw all the nations closer together and to promote universal peace. Ever mindful of the great principles of the British constitution, through his broad-mindedness, his tolerance and the exquisite charm of his personality, he succeeded in creating a potent bond of union between the various parts of our common country, and in closely consolidating the different branches of the greatest Empire that ever existed. Representing as we do the Province of Quebec it gives us pleasure to recall that the development of the idea of a powerful Canadian nation, devoted to the interests of the Mother-country, was favoured by that great King. Imbued with the grandeur and nobility of his mission he won our admiration and our love through his solicitude in respecting our laws and our dearest traditions, aspirations and liberties.

The individual utterances of the Quebec Ministers were equally patriotic in terms. Sir Lomer Gouin declared that King Edward's reign had been "a glory to his people and a blessing to humanity." Mr. J. M. Tellier, the Opposition Leader, joined the Premier in expressing the "confidence and sincere affection" of their people for this, "the most powerful King of the most powerful of Empires," and in presenting to the new Sovereign "the allegiance, the faith and the heartfelt wishes of Canadians." Mr. H. Bourassa, the Nationalist representative, Hon. P. S. G. Mackenzie, the English-speaking member of the Cabinet, and Hon. J. C. Kaine and Hon. C. R. Devlin, the Irish Ministers, joined in similar tributes.

During the ensuing days, before the Funeral, every form of eulogistic editorial, personal reference, pulpit address and Pa liamentary, official, or political utterance was used in Canau to voice public regret at the King's death and popular appreciation of his career and character. Through it all ran the dominating note of belief in his influence for international peace. Two memorable phrases attributed to King Edward in his last days were also much discussed. One was said to have been uttered just before he was finally compelled to leave his arm-chair for his bed: "I will work to the last." The other was said to have occurred in a final moment of consciousness: "Well, it is all over; I think I have done my duty." Widely were these words quoted and from Halifax to Vancouver appropriate lessons were drawn and morals pointed. Mourning emblems were everywhere visible, in small villages as in large centres of population; by the humblest individual as well as upon every Government building in the Dominion under official orders. Particularly marked was the feeling in the West; unexpected by some because of the great influx of foreign

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or United States citizens. To the Winnipeg correspondent of the Toronto Globe (May 12) this feeling was impressive:

The attitude of the Winnipeg people, loyal and respectful, is the same as that shown by the public generally in this portion of the Dominion. Despatches from all sections of the four Western Provinces tell one story of undisguised grief at the loss of a great ruler. The whole population was apparently seized with consternation at the first publication of the report and it has not yet fathomed the depth of meaning contained in that information. But it knows that a great and good man, a worthy son of worthy parents, has been taken away and it mourns his passing. Citizenship in the great Empire over which he held sway is a source of joy and pride to Western people and the fact that his place in their affections will be so difficult to fill adds to their disappointment. From the farthest corners of the vast plains, from the mighty mountains and from the newer principality which is being built up on the shores of the Pacific, comes a wave of regret and lamentation because King Edward has gone to a bourne beyond the mortal sphere.

As time passed several striking personal tributes were added to those already quoted. Bishop Farthing of Montreal dwelt upon the "intensely human heart" of the late King; Mr. C. M. Hays described him as "a good King, a just statesman and a wise diplomat"; Chief Justice Howell of Winnipeg declared that he had been "one of the chief assets of the Empire"; the Rev. Dr. S. P. Rose in Toronto described his uniform and unwearying devotion to duty, his marvellous skill in diplomacy, his persistent and continuous efforts for peace. The press dealt with the subject in myriad phrases-personally and constitutionally and in studies of Monarchy as an institution. The Toronto Star of May 7th pointed out that "one of the advantages of the monarchical system as it now exists in Greater Britain is that the Crown's power for good is practically unlimited, while any tendency towards indiscretion may be promptly suppressed by the Crown's adviser." La Presse of Montreal described the French-Canadian attitude as follows: "They salute the King of England as their King with as much respect as do their Anglo-Saxon brothers. But they have learned to esteem more particularly the glorious Sovereign who has just passed away. They loved him for his breadth of mind, and for that toleration of which he gave so fine a proof when he, a Protestant King, sent a kindly telegram to the fathers of the first Plenary Council of Canada. They loved him again for his love of France, recognizing in him the principal artizan of that entente cordiale which brought together, after so many centuries, England and France." The Toronto Globe of May 26th had this important reference to the subject:

For the preservation of the Empire in its integrity, the continued existence of the Kingship is not only desirable but indispensable. A British republic could supply no substitute for the Crown in the constitutions of Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. It might, of course, retain such control over India and the multitude of dependencies as the Roman Republic held control over a number of

cities and countries around the Mediterranean; as the French Republic holds control over vast regions in Africa. But its relation with the Dominions which would then become so many republics would be no closer than those of the United States with the republics of Central and South America. The Britains would become foreign countries to each other even as the United States and Peru, Chili and the Argentine. The British Crown is the magic circle within which the integrity of the Empire must be maintained.

On

The Funeral of King Edward surpassed in splendour, and equalled in the depth of feeling displayed, the hitherto unique conditions of Queen Victoria's solemn and stately burial. May 16th, after two weeks of mourning throughout the Empire, the body of the King was taken from Buckingham Palace to St. George's Chapel at Windsor, where rested the remains of seven of his Royal predecessors. Much might be written of the splendours of that solemn pageant. There were nine Sovereigns in the procession-King George V., the German Emperor, King Haakon of Norway, King George of the Hellenes, King Alfonso of Spain, King Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King Frederick of Denmark, King Manuel of Portugal and King Albert of the Belgians; there were five Heirs-apparent to Thrones and many royal Princes with Mr. Roosevelt of the United States; not least in personal power were the statesmen and generals of the British realm and the representatives of its outer Empire-Lord Strathcona, High Commissioner of Canada; Sir George H. Reid, High Commissioner for Australia; Sir William Hall-Jones, High Commissioner for New Zealand. These latter officials rode in the ninth Royal carriage and their place in the cortège was a new and interesting precedent resulting from what was announced to be "the thought and desire of King George." In St. George's Chapel His Majesty also had places reserved for Agents-General of all the Colonies and various special representatives.

Amidst the tolling of bells, through streets lined with 40,000 troops and 20,000 Police, with massed crowds of two million bareheaded people, and amid surroundings everywhere of draped purple and black the body of the late King was taken to its last resting-place at Royal Windsor. What can be said of the day elsewhere? A full record would fill many volumes. In Canada, in Australia, in South Africa, in New Zealand, in Newfoundland, in all British countries and territories, there was a great similarity of solemn and popular demonstration. Everywhere factories and financial institutions and commercial establishments closed their doors. Wherever that was impossible, in Canadian factories, work was stopped at a certain stage in the funeral ceremonies and every man stood in silence with bared head for the time arranged; on all the great Railways of Canada at the moment when the King's body was lowered into his grave, and for three minutes, everything stopped, every kind of work ceased, every one of at least 40,000 men stood in reverent silence. Military parades took

place, with muffled drums and passage through long lanes of silent people, in Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, Chatham, London, St. Catharines, Kingston, Woodstock, Ottawa, St. Thomas, Winnipeg, Victoria and other places. Memorial services were everywhere held; in Ottawa Vice-Royalty and the Ministers took part in a great open-air ceremony in front of the Parliament Buildings, with troops and massed bands and superb drapings, which still further emphasized the solemnity of the occasion. In Toronto 100,000 people attended a similar service under the auspices of the Government, in front of its Parliament Buildings; in Montreal business was suspended for the day; in Winnipeg 12,000 people attended a public service; in Vancouver an open-air Memorial service was held and 20,000 people listened to an address from Judge W. W. B. McInnes; in Edmonton a State service was held and a Memorial address given by President H. M. Tory of Alberta University; in Victoria a similar gathering listened to an oration from Captain Clive Phillipps-Wolley; in the wilds of Northern Ontario, at a construction camp on the National Transcontinental, the Canadian Press Association held service and paid loyal tribute to the departed Monarch.

At the memorable ceremonies in London a number of Canadians took part or were present as spectators. Colonel Jeffrey H. Burland and Major Campbell Stewart of Montreal, Major B. J. Saunders of Edmonton and Captain W. B. Anderson of the Royal Canadian Engineers had places in the procession with the Colonial troops; Lord Strathcona, Hon. A. B. Aylesworth and Hon. S. A. Fisher represented the Dominion Government officially at St. George's Chapel; Sir Charles Fitzpatrick, Chief Justice of Canada, Sir D. H. McMillan, Lieut.-Governor of Manitoba, Dr. J. J. E. Guerin, Mayor of Montreal, G. R. Geary, Mayor of Toronto, W. Sanford Evans, Mayor of Winnipeg, and Bishop Richardson of Fredericton, were present as guests in the final scenes at Windsor. Upwards of 200 other Canadians were in the special Government enclosure at Westminster, at the Colonial Office, or in the Nova Scotia Government Offices in Pall Mall-including Henry Miles representing the Montreal Board of Trade, W. F. Cockshutt, of Brantford, Sir Hugh Graham, James Ross, C. R. Hosmer, Professor C. W. Colby of Montreal, William Mackenzie, of Toronto, Joseph Pope of Ottawa and others.

Following the Funeral there were various suggestions as to Canadian monuments or memorials. Hamilton held a meeting to consider the matter and Montreal, on June 1st, had a large gathering with Ald. J. B. Lamoureaux in the chair, supported by Sir Thomas Shaughnessy, George E. Drummond, Bishop Farthing and Senator F. L. Beique. A Resolution was passed in favour of the erection of a suitable statue and a representative Committee appointed with Sir Thomas Shaughnessy as President, Robert Meighen and Sir Alexr. Lacoste as Vice-Presidents, George

Hadrill, Hon. Secretary and Sir Edward Clouston, Hon. Treasurer. Later in the year the Montreal City Council unanimously undertook to contribute to this object. In Toronto there was much talk of a Memorial but nothing was actually done. At the heart of the Empire a greatly representative Committee was appointed to prepare a suitable Imperial Memorial and similar action was taken in various other British centres. And so King Edward VII. passed to a silence which may be left to memory with the beautiful words of Kipling:

For on him each new day laid command, every tyrannous hour

To confront, or confirm, or make smooth some dread issue of power;

To deliver true judgment, aright at the instant unaided

In the strict level, ultimate phrase that allowed or dissuaded;

To foresee, to allay, to avert from us perils unnumbered

To stand guard on our gates when he guessed that our watchman had slumbered;

To win time, to turn hate, to woo folly to service and mightily schooling
His strength to the use of his nations, to rule as not ruling.

These were the works of our King; earth's peace is the proof of them;
God gave him great works to fulfil and to us the behoof of them.

Canadian Dis

cussion of the Coronation Oath

As in 1901 there was a good deal of debate in Canada, in Britain and elsewhere regarding the terms of the Declaration repudiating Roman Catholicism which the new Sovereign was constitutionally compelled to make. Extreme Protestants again vigorously demanded throughout the countries of the Empire that every safeguard should be preserved against the remotest possibility of the King changing his religion; the Orange Order in Canada and Australia and the Protestant Federation in Britain sent in petitions signed by many thousands asking that no change be made; the Roman Catholics pleaded that the moderation and toleration of which Britain had so long been an exponent should find expression in the removal of this offensive Declaration as in the removal of past disabilities; last, but not least King George did not conceal his aversion to the existing form and undoubtedly influenced his Government to take the action which followed. The terms of this historic and soon to be abolished Declaration may be given here:

I, —, do solemnly and sincerely and in the presence of God profess, testify and declare that I do believe that in the Sacrament of our Lord's Supper there is not any trans-substantiation of the elements of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ, at or after the consecration thereof, by any person whatsoever, and that the invocation or adoration of the Virgin Mary or any other Saint, or the sacrifice of the Masses as they are now used in the Church of Rome, are superstitious and idolatrous and I do solemnly in the presence of God profess, testify and declare that I do make this declaration and every part thereof in plain and ordinary sense of the words read unto me as they are commonly understood by English Protestants; without any evasion, equivocation or mental reservation whatsoever, and without any dispensation already granted me for this

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