concile so great a difference, the large proportion of heifer's milk, which is much richer than cows of the second or third calf, must be allowed as contributing something. The oil-cake, I have no doubt, is the principal cause of the surprising difference. The butter was made with a pendulum churn of Mr. M'Dougall's, which answers admirably well, and saves much labour.

48 quarts 3 pints of strippings, gave of butter s. d.

48 quarts and 3 pints of new milk, at 2d. per

quart

8 3

Gain by butter

1 6

48 Quarts 3 Pints of a Mixture of Milk.

48 quarts 3 pints yielded 5 lb. 3 oz. of butter,

at 12d.

36 quarts of blown milk

10 quarts of butter-milk, 1d.

The advantage of oil-cake, in the making of butter appears very considerable. Eight quarts of strippings give a pound of butter; and nine and a half of a mix ture of the whole milk. In the transactions of the Bath Society, Vol. IV, I see that 12 lb. are stated to give a pound of butter. Wine measure is used in al

the experiments.

I have thus, with the most exact attention to ac uracy in my power, endeavoured to detail the experiments I have made in the last two years. The individual benefit reaped from it will be most satisfactorily proved by the annexed certificates, which had the signatures of above five hundred persons, stating the advantages derived from the sale of the milk, and certifying also for its goodness. The numerous signatures bear ample testimony to its utility; and indeed when it is considered that butcher's meat is at 6d. per pound, and that good and nutritious milk can be obtained at 1d. per pound, (less than a third of the price of bread) its advantages cannot be doubted. The health and condition of the cattle are certified for by all the farmers in the neighbourhood, and will, I am confident, be agreed to by all who have seen them.

I rejoice sincerely at the appearance of profit of the present year: it answers my most sanguine expectations, and confirms the opinion I formerly entertained, not only of the practicability of furnishing a plentiful supply of milk during winter, but also with a profit not unworthy the attention of any farmer. I trust that what I have done may stimulate others, and that the result of their trials will be equally successful with those

F 4

those I have instituted, and prove a great acquisition of comfort to the lower orders.

The following estimate of expense and profit will rather fall short, than exceed, what may fairly be expected. In this I am confirmed by the opinion of those who were employed in conducting the experi

ment.

Value of Green Crop in 1805, Oil-cake, and At

Total expenses of green crop, oil-cake, &c.

To which may be added, for risk, capi

tal, &c.

460 O

108 0

£568

Expense of keeping Milch Cows for 220 Days; for which period the Green Crop is calculated to last:

30 milch cows for 220 days, at 6d.* per

£ S.

day each

165 0

Carry forward

165 0

* 6d. is charged, but some had no oil-cake, and cost only 32

per day.

Brought

The average quantity of milk from each cow, is 6 quarts; this is owing to the summer calvers, which are included in the stock: 8 quarts may be estimated on a moderate computation; this would have added 5s. per day, or 551. upon the whole period. A well selected dairy might reach 10 quarts, which would make an addition of 1007. The next year I expect to have a better set, and do not fear making 2001. by the same number. November is as early as a winter dairy should begin; till that period milk can be had from pasture, and it is neither of the same service nor value at a later period.

Profit

Profit upon remaining Stock:

50 Highlanders, at 41. each

S.

200 0

17 young cattle and others, valued at 6.

each

150 sheep, at 10s. each

4 Cows, fattening, at 12/. 10s. each

600 carts of manure, at 1s.

Expense of feeding, &c.

There were sold, by the last day of January, 22,000 quarts and upwards of new milk, which averages 183 quarts per day; in the last month, upwards of 200 quarts per day, and this may continue without much diminution for six weeks. I do expect the quantity of milk will exceed the estimate. Something, however, depends upon the state of the weather. I weighed some of the kohlrabi: I had white that weighed seven pounds and a half, with lit

tle