The wild animals are-1. The grizzly bear, which inhabits the woody parts of the Rocky mountains, and probably those near the coast, but was not seen there by the American party; 2. The black bear, common to the United States, inhabits the woody parts of the Rocky mountains, the borders of the Columbia plains, and sometimes wanders near the sea coast. Of deer there are three kinds-1. The common red deer ; 2. The mule deer, the same species which inhabits the plains of the Missouri; 3. The black-tailed fallow-deer, which partakes of the mule deer and the common species, is only seen along the coast. The elk, of the species common to North America, is seen both in the wooded country and on the plains. Wolf.-Of this animal there are three kinds-1. The large brown wolf, resembling that of the United States, inhabits the wooded region on the borders of the Pacific, and the mountains which run across the Columbia river, between the great falls and the rapids; 2. The wolf of the plains, of which there are two kinds, the one much larger than the other, and both resembling those of the flat country of the Missouri. The panther, the same animal which still frequents the unsettled parts of the northern states, is found on the great plains of the Columbia, on the western side of the Rocky mountains, and coast of the Pacific. The tiger-cat, resembling that of the United States, but larger. Of foxes five different species are noticed-1. The large red fox; 2. The kit fox, or red fox, both of which inhabit the plains; 3. The common red fox of the United States, found on the coast; 4. The black or fisher fox; 5. The

silver fox. The antelope, resembling that of the Missouri country, inhabits the plains. The skin, dressed in the hair, serves as a covering to the natives. The sheep, of which only the skin was seen, is about the size of the domestic species, with white short wool, intermixed with long hairs. The horns are black, smooth, and straight, of a cylindrical form, four inches in length, and grow out of the middle of the forehead, a little above the eyes. It inhabits the wooded parts of the Rocky mountains, and also those near the sea coast. The beaver; the otter; the sea-otter, with a fur of unrivalled beauty, is of the size of a large mastiff dog; the mink; the seal, which inhabits the coast and the Columbia river; the racoon; the squirrel, of which there are six kinds; sewellel is the name of a small animal with a valuable fur; the blaireau, which resembles the common badger; the hare, the rabbit, the pole-cat.

Of reptiles there are-1. The rattle-snake; 2. The garter-snake; 3. The horned lizard. Most of the insects common to the United States are seen in this country, among which is the silk-worm, but not the honey-bee. The mosquitos were numerous and troublesome, especially to the horses.

Fishes. The whale visits this coast, and is sometimes taken by the Indian harpoon, but it is oftener found among the rocks, where it has been thrown by the united influence of the wind and tide. The natives devour the blubber and oil, and preserve the bone for sale. The porpoise frequents the coast, and ascends the Columbia as high as tide-water. The

flesh is also eaten by the Indians. The skate abounds near the coast, and is sometimes cast ashore by the tide. The flounder is caught in great abundance, and is much esteemed by the natives. Of the salmon, which also abounds, four kinds are noticed. The common salmon is from two and a half to three feet in length, and weighs from five to fifteen pounds. These different kinds of salmon swarm in the waters of the Columbia, and form the chief subsistence of the inhabitants. The mountain or speckled trout was not seen, except in the branches of the Columbia within the mountains. Apparently it does not differ from that which frequents the upper parts of the Missouri. The bottle-nose, also seen in the Missouri river, is found in the streams which descend from the mountains to the Columbia. The anchovy, known by the name olthen, is eaten by the natives pickled or smoked. Of shell-fish there are clam, the periwinkle, the mussel, and cockle.

Birds. Of the birds brought home by Lewis and Clarke no scientific description has yet been given. The following are noticed in the narrative of their travels: The Calumet eagle, whose feathers are so highly prized as an ornament by the Missouri Indians, inhabits the western side of the mountains, and in summer and autumn descends to the plains; the grouse, or prairie hen, is seen in the upper parts of the Missouri country, and on the great plains of Columbia; the cock of the plains; the pheasant, of which there are four kinds; the buzzard, which inhabits the country below the falls of the Columbia river,-one measured nine

feet between the extremities of the expanded wings; the crow, or raven, is smaller than that of the Atlantic states; the hawk, also similar; the large blackbird; the large hooting-owl; the turtle-dove and robin of the United States; the magpie; the woodpecker; the snipe; the lark; the fly-catcher, of which there are two species.

The aquatic birds seen on the coast, during the season of winter, are-the swan, of two kinds, large and small; the duck, several species-the mallard, or common large duck, the Canvass black duck, the redheaded fishing-duck, the black and white duck; the blue-winged teal; the goose, two kinds, of which the largest resembles the Canadian goose; the brant, white, brown, and pied; the heron, or crane, of the blue and brown species; the fishing-hawk; the gull, four species, all common to the United States; the cormo'rant, or large black duck.

continued

Route of the Travellers from the Missouri below the Falls to the Mouth of the Columbia, from the Table given in last Chapter.

1. From the Falls of the Missouri to the Navigable Waters of the Columbia.

To the entrance of Medicine river,

To Fort Mountain, passing through the plain between Medicine river and the Missouri, near the Missouri,

Rocky Mountain, to a gap on the ridge which divides the waters of the Missouri from those of the Columbia, passing the north part of a mountain and crossing Dearborn's river, Passed four creeks from the north,

Werner's creeks from the north,

To the east fork of Clarke's river at the entrance of Cohahlarishkit,

To Clarke's river below the forks,

Yds. Miles Miles Miles.

35 682643 45 401082683) 35 17252700

120 301553730 150 12.67 2742

To Traveller's Rest creek, on the west side of
Clarke's river, about the forks,

To the forks of Traveller's Rest creek at a right hand road,

Hot springs on the creek,

Quamash glades passing the head of the creek to a branch of Kooskooskee river,

North branch of Kooskooskee river, a left hand road leads off at five miles,

To the junction of the roads on the top of a snowy mountain, the left hand road passing by a fishery,

Hungry creek from the right, passing on a dividing mountain covered with deep snow, except in two places which are open to a southern exposure at 8 and 36 miles,

A glade upon Hungry creek,

Glade upon a small branch of Hungry creek,
Glade on Fish creek,

To Collins' creek,

Quamash Flats,

Kooskooskee or Flathead's river, in a pine country,

Note. In passing from the falls of the Missouri, across the Rocky mountains, to the navigable waters of the Columbia, you have 200 miles of good road, and 140 miles of high, steep, rugged mountains, 60 miles of which are covered from two to eight feet deep with snow in the last days of June.