and that in fact there exift fuch refemblances fuccefsfully employ'd by writers of genius, is clear from the foregoing examples, and many others that might be given. But we may safely pronounce, that this natural refemblance can be carried no farther. The objects of the several senses, differ fo widely from each other as to exclude any refemblance. Sound in particular, whether articulate or inarticulate, refembles not in any degree taste, fmell, or motion; and as little can it resemble any internal fentiment, feeling, or emotion. But muft we then agree, that nothing but natural found can be imi. tated by that which is articulate? Taking imitation in its proper fenfe, as involving a resemblance betwixt two objects, the propofition must be admitted. And yet in many paffages that are not defcriptive of natural found, every one must be fenfible of a peculiar concord betwixt the found of the words and their meaning. As there can be no doubt of the fact, what remains is, to inquire into its cause. Refembling causes may produce effects that have no resemblance; and causes that have no resemblance may produce refembling effects. A magnificent building, for example, resembles not in any degree an he roic action; and yet the emotions they produce, being concordant, bear a resemblance to each other. We are ftill more fenfible of this resemblance, in a fong where the mufic is properly adjusted to the sentiment, There is no refemblance betwixt thought and found; but there is the strongest resemblance betwixt the emotion raised by mufic tender and pathetic, and that raised by the complaint of an unfuccessful lover. To apply these examples to the prefent fubject, I obferve, that the found even of a single word makes, in fome inftances, an impreffion resembling that which is made by the thing it fignifies; witnefs the word running, compofed of two short fyllables; and more remarkably the words rapidity, impetuofity, precipitation. Brutal manners produce in the spectator, an emotion not unlike what is produced by a harsh and rough found. Hence the figurative expreffion, rugged manners; an expreffion peculiarly agreeable by the relation of the found to the sense, Again, the word little, being pronounced with a very small aperture of the mouth, has a weak and faint found, which makes an impreffion refembling that made by any diminutive object. This resemblance of effects, is ftill more remarkable where a number of words are connected together in a period. Words pronounced in fucceffion make often a strong impreffion; and when this impression happens to accord with that made by the fenfe, a peculiar pleasure arifes. The thought or sentiment produces one pleasant emotion: the melody or tone of the words produces another. But the chief pleasure proceeds from having these two concordant emotions combined in perfect harmony, and carried on in the mind to a full clofe *. Except in the fingle cafe where found is described, all the examples given by critics of fenfe being imitated in found, refolve into a refemblance of effects. Emotions raised by found and fignification may have a refemblance; but found itself cannot have a resemblance to any thing but sound. *See chap. 2. part 4. U u 2 Proceeding Proceeding now to particulars, and be ginning with those cases where the emotions have the strongest resemblance, I observe, first, That in pronouncing a number of fyllables in fucceffion, an emotion is fometimes raised extremely fimilar to that raifed by fucceffive motion. This may be made evident even to thofe who are defective in tafte, by the following fact, that the term movement in all languages is equally apply'd to both. In this manner, fucceffive motion, fuch as walking, running, galloping, can be imitated by a fucceffion of long or fhort fyllables, or by a due mixture of both. For example, flow motion may be aptly imitated in a verfe where long fyllables prevail; efpecially when aided by a flow pro nunciation: Illi inter fefe magnâ vi brachia tollunt. Georg. iv. 174. On the other hand, fwift motion is imitated by a fucceffion of fhort fyllables: Quadrupedante putrem fonitu quatit ungula cam pum. Thirdly, a line compofed of monofyllables, makes an impreffion, by the frequenof its paufes, fimilar to what is made by laborious interrupted motion: cy With many a weary step, and many a groan, First march the heavy mules, fecurely flow; 7 O'er hills, o'er dales, o'er craggs, o'er rocks, they go, Iliad, xxiii. 138. Fourthly, the impreffion made by rough founds in fucceffion, resembles that made by rough or tumultuous motion. On the other hand, the impreffion of fmooth founds resembles that of gentle motion. The following is an example of both. Two craggy rocks projecting to the main, Within, |