lation, iii. 234. Unskilled, favorable
to fecundity, iii. 299.
Laborer, the. How he is affected by pro-
tection, ii. 278.

in the field, the last emancipated,

iii. 468.
Laborers of the world. Solidarity of in-
terests among the, ii. 87, iii. 454.
Laborer's share increases, as the cost of
reproduction declines, iii. 112. Grows,
with approximation in the prices of
rude products and finished commodi-
ties, iii. 116; as the societary circula-
tion becomes more rapid, iii. 155.
Labor-power, the only commodity that
cannot be preserved, ii. 297.
Labors of microscopic insects, importance
of the, i. 72.

Laing, Mr. S., on word-worship, i. 39.
On the division of land and its effects,
iii. 276. On the factory system, iii.
343. On the feudalization of British
factories, iii. 345. On the condition of
French and other women, iii. 373.
Laisser faire, absurdity of the doctrine
of, iii. 435. Practice under it tends to
promote competition for the sale of
labor, iii. 440. Lalor on, iii. 443.
Lalor, J. His Money and Morals. Ex-
tracts from, ii. 21, iii. 443.
Land, value of, wholly due to human ef-
fort, i. 163. Proportion retained as
rent, tends to diminish as man grows in
power, i. 164.
Price of, never equal to
the cost of production, i. 165. Facts
in reference to the prices of, in Eng-
land, i. 165, ii. 75; in America, i. 166.
Error of economists in regard to the
cause of value in, i. 170. Trivial value
of that of Turkey, i. 318. Increase in
the value of that of France, ii. 75. De-
cline of the value of, in the United
States, ii. 216. How the British policy
tends to affect property in, iii. 89. Grows
in value as the societary circulation be-
comes more rapid, iii. 93. Exhaustion
of the, how it affects the movement of
population in the United States, iii. 97.

division of, in France, ii. 78; in
Russia, ii. 164; in Sweden, ii. 170; in
Germany, ii. 141. Slow circulation of,
in the early stages of society, iii. 76.
Phenomena of circulation exhibited in
England, Greece, and Italy, iii. 79, 82;
in Spain and France, iii. 83; in Den-
mark, iii. 83; in Prussia and Austria,
iii. 84. How the policy of Colbert tends
to produce division and circulation of, iii.
86. Consolidation of, in all the countries
that follow in the train of England, iii.
102. Advantages that result from di-
vision of the, iii. 102. Becomes divided,
as there arises competition for the pur-
chase of labor, iii. 248. How division

of the, tends to affect the movement
of population, iii. 276. Consolidation
of, in England, iii. 287.

Land and labor, trivial value of, in Ja-
maica, i. 301.
the ultimate payers of

all taxes, iii. 186. Increase in value as
the middleman's proportion diminish-
es, iii. 118. Increase in value as the
prices of rude products and finished
commodities more and more approxi-
mate, iii. 43, 59, 116, 187, 236, 369, 436.
Land-holders of Ireland, ruin of the, i.
329.

Land revenue of the United States, ii. 223.
Language, none, without association, i. 41.
Late appreciation of the advantages of

peace and harmony among mankind,
iii. 468.

Law, in science, demands a regular and
uniform series of causes and effects, i.
23, iii. 267.

of molecular gravitation, as exhib-
ited in Social Science, i. 42.

of the composition of forces, i. 230.
of definite proportions. Equally
applicable in the physical and social
world, i. 199. As exhibited in the
changes of the societary distribution,
i. 473, ii. 22, 40. As exhibited in
France, ii. 57, 60, 65. In reference to
wages, profits, and interest, iii. 109; to
rent, iii. 131; to taxes, iii. 198.

of human life must be assumed to
be in harmony with the Creator's de-
sign, iii. 268.

of the relative increase of food and
population, i. 88, iii. 325.

, organic, corrective of excessive pro-
creation, iii. 302.

-, on the centralization of France, of
the days of Louis XV., iii. 223.
Lawrence, A., on the cotton manufactures
of the United States, ii. 246.
Laws of motion, equally true in physical
and social science, i. 200.

of nature act always in the same
direction. Oscillating movement of
the Malthusian theory, i. 465.
Lee, Dr., on the exhaustion of American
land, and its effects, ii. 213.
Legislative independence of Ireland, fol-
lowed by the adoption of measures of
protection, i. 321.
Legislators. How they might profit by
the study of Social Science, iii. 469.
Liability, unlimited. Effects of, as ex-
hibited in the movement of English
banks, ii. 400; in the corporations of
the Roman Empire, iii. 418. No such
absurdity found in the scheme of cre-
ation, iii. 416.

Liberty limited by organic relation, iii.
406.

iii. 406.

Life, changes in the duration of, iii. 270.
duration of, in England, iii. 290; in
the United States, iii. 295.

insurance of Great Britain, causes
of the rapid increase in the, i. 447.

of man limited by man's disorder,
and not by the divine order, iii. 273.
Limitation of liability, advantages of, ii.
397. As applied to joint-stock compa-
nies, iii. 415. Its full accordance with
nature's laws, iii. 416. Found in the
Roman civil and municipal corpora-
tions, iii. 418.

of man's power over matter, i. 64.
of the Irish people to the product
of raw materials, i. 321.
Limits to the power of man, in regard to
manufactures, ii. 38; in agriculture,
none, ii. 38.

List, Prof., founder of the Zoll-Verein,
ii. 125.

Literature, of, in Denmark, ii. 115; in
Sweden, ii. 171.

Local centres, effect of, in the physical

and social world, i. 43. How they tend
to arise, i. 190. How regarded by
Adam Smith, i. 295. Disappearance
of those of India, i. 338. Decay of, in
the British Islands, i. 51, 449. Growth
of, in Central and Northern Europe,
iii. 453. Decline of, in all the coun-
tries that follow in the lead of England,
iii. 454. Of organic life, iii. 405.
relative life, iii. 407.
Logic and mathematics only instruments,
and not sciences, i. 10, 22.
London joint-stock banks, over-trading
of the, ii. 402.

Of

Loss from necessity for the use of ma-
chinery of exchange, i. 187.

by failures in England, ii. 409.

by fire, in the United States, ii. 248.
Lower animals, great fertility of the, iii.
302.

Lyell, on the condition of American
women, iii. 384.

M.

Macaulay, Lord, on the British system,
in India, i. 341. On the dangers which
threaten civilization, ii. 106. His ac-
count of the origin of the Bank of Eng-
land, ii. 374.
Machinery in India, taxation of, i. 343.
of war and trade, abundance of,
in France, i. 253.

of exchange, loss from necessity
for the use of, i. 187. Diminishes in
its proportions, as men are more ena-
bled to combine together, i. 188.

is as much a producer as the farmer,
i. 260. That wealth increases most
rapidly where profits are highest, i.
262. On the pauperism of Ireland, i.
333. On the tendencies of the British
system, as exhibited in Asia, i. 362.
His approval of the protective mea-
sures of Edward III., i. 396. Defini-
tions of, i. 472. Holds that man must
become more and more the slave of
nature, i. 466. Teaches that trade and
manufactures are preferable to agricul-
ture, ii. 37. On the restoration of the
standard of value, in 1819, ii. 379.
Doctrines of, in regard to money, ii.
466. On the rate of profit, iii. 122.
Inconsistencies of, iii. 124. Holds that
the low wages of Ireland are the cause
of over-population, iii. 129. On the
growth of the productive power of
England, iii. 138. His approval of in-
direct taxation, iii. 202. His objections
to taxes on land, iii. 203. Finds in
taxation a stimulus to production, iii.
205. On absenteeism, iii. 231. On
the causes of excess of Irish popula-
tion, iii. 285. His differences with
Adam Smith, iii. 439. Holds that
benefit to the world would result from
the entire monopoly of the cotton man-
ufactures by Great Britain, iii. 441.
Magnificence and poverty of France, at
various periods, ii. 46.

Malcolm, Rev. H., on the opium trade,
iii. 377.

Malthus, Rev. T. R. Differences between
his system, and that of Adam Smith,
i. 417. His definition of wealth, i. 193.
His failure to observe the minuteness
of the causes of nature's greatest ef-
fects, iii. 310. His opposition to laws
for relief of the poor, iii. 436. How
his disciples might profit by the study
of Social Science, iii. 470.

and Ricardo, the first to adopt the
mathematical method in Social Science,
i. 34. Disagreements among their dis-
ciples, i. 36.
Malthusian Principle of Population, i.
91. Its tendency towards establishing
slavery as the ultimate condition of
man, i. 232. Leads to the glorifica
tion of trade, i. 232. Appalling char-
acter of the doctrine, i. 464. The pro-
duct and exponent of the British system
of trade, iii. 311. Professes to furnish
"one great cause" of the vice and
misery of the world, iii. 349. Theory
not in harmony with the facts of the
past or the present, iii. 352. Its author
haunted by the idea of an imaginary
fact, iii. 359. Itself a mere form of
words, having no real meaning what-

i. 219, 381. Of vital changes in the
form of, i. 220, ii. 17. Tendency of,
to assume higher forms, greatest at the
lowest point of organization, iii. 263.
Mayhew, Mr.,
on the vagabondism of
England, i. 443.

Mechanical and chemical changes in the
form of matter, of, i. 219, 381. Change
in the societary proportions consequent
upon extension of the power to effect,
i. 219. Require a knowledge of the
properties of matter, and therefore later
in development than changes of place,
i. 381. (See Conversion.)

254.

ingenuity of the United States, ii.

Medici, origin of the fortunes of the, i.

258.

Mental and moral faculties, varied effects
of the, upon procreation, iii. 303.
Mercantile system, object of the, i. 418.
Metaphysical character of early science,
i. 13.

Method, of, in science, i. 32. Unity of
science, requires unity of, i. 33.

of Messrs. Ricardo and Malthus,

i. 33.
'Methuen treaty, and its effects, ii. 274.
Mexico. Course of settlement in, i. 118.
Decline of, consequent upon the disap-
pearance of her manufactures, ii. 314.
No competition for the purchase of la-
bor in, iii. 240.

Michelet, M., on the British policy in India,
iii. 462.

Microscopic insects, importance of the
labors of, i. 72.

Middle classes of England, disappearance
of the, i. 447.

Middleman, the, always opposed to in-
crease of the power of association, i.

235.

Middlemen profit by the separation of
the consumers and the producers, i.
281.

of Ireland, i. 324; of Lapland, ii.

457.
Mill, J. S. His theory of Social Science,
i. 28. On value in land, i. 163. On
the changes of the societary propor-
tions of England, i. 436. On the utility
of money, ii. 299. On money, ii. 466.
On productive and unproductive labor,
iii. 45. On capital, iii. 71. On inte-
rest, iii. 128. On the occupation of
land, iii. 165. On the Ricardo theory
of Rent, iii. 166. On property in land,
iii. 169. On customary rights, iii. 257.
On the necessity for governmental in-
terference for the development of in-
dustry, iii. 428.

Miller, Hugh, on the working of the Brit-

ish system, i. 438.

Mississippi Valley. Course of settlement
in the, i. 115.

Missouri, of banking in, ii. 428.
Modern Economists. Errors of, i. 31, ii.
332, iii. 44.

political economy, material char-
acter of the, i. 192. Repulsive form
of the, i. 196. Anti-christian character
of the, i. 232. How it differs from that
of Adam Smith, i. 284. Regards man
as an instrument to be used by trade,
i. 474.

Molecular gravitation, law of, as exhib-
ited in Social Science, i. 42.
Momentary expediency, the rule of Brit-
ish action, i. 454.

Momentum of society grows with increase
of the societary circulation, i. 388.
Monetary centralization of France, ii. 412.
Money, of. Regarded by some econo-

mists as dead capital, ii. 298. How
the societary movement would be af-
fected by its disappearance, ii. 299.
Of the supply of, ii. 308. Hume, on
the supply of, ii. 322. Extraordinary
influence of, ii. 323. The indispensa-
ble machinery of progress, ii. 323. Like
water, seeks the lowest level, ii. 324.
Increase in the supply of, tends to
lower the prices of finished commodi-
ties, while raising those of labor and
land, ii. 327. Charge for the use of,
ii. 335. Value of, declines with dimi-
nution of the cost of reproduction, ii.
335. Errors of economists in regard to,
ii. 337. To society, what fuel is to the
locomotive, and food to man, ii. 343.
Most potent of all the instruments used
by man, ii. 353. Of the trade in, ii.
356. The one commodity that is of
universal acceptance, ii. 356. The in-
dispensable instrument of association,
ii. 357. Falsification of, by Athens
and Rome, ii. 360; by France, ii. 361;
by England and Scotland, ii. 362. Ap-
parent abundance of, produced by bank
expansions, ii. 368. Value of, how af-
fected by expansions and contractions,
ii. 368. Hume on, ii. 446. Adam Smith
on, 453. McCulloch and Mill on, ii.
466. Bastiat on, ii. 471. Chevalier
on, ii. 338, 478.

and Price, of, ii. 293.

is capital, but capital is not neces-

rily money, ii. 339.

-, export of, from Turkey, i. 316;
from Portugal, i. 308; from the United
States, ii. 438.

rents, effects of, ii. 78. Laing,
Mr. S., on, iii. 284.

shop, or bank, among the most
useful of societary instruments, ii.
445.