audes, cujus me amicum, te sectorem esse fateare? XVI. Sed omittatur bellum illud, in quo tu nimium felix fuisti. Ne jocis quidem respondebo, quibus me in castris usum esse dixisti. Erant quidem illa castra plena curae; verumtamen homines, quamvis in turbidis rebus sint, tamen, si modo homines sunt, interdum animis relaxantur. Quod autem idem maestitiam meam reprehendit, idem jocum, magno argumento est me in utroque fuisse moderatum.

Hereditates mihi negasti venire. Utinam hoc tuum verum crimen esset plures amici mei et necessarii viverent. Sed qui istuc tibi venit in mentem? Ego enim amplius sestertium ducenties acceptum hereditatibus rettuli. Quamquam in hoc genere fateor feliciorem esse te. Me nemo nisi amicus fecit heredem, ut cum illo commodo, si quod erat, animi quidam dolor jungeretur; te is, quem tu vidisti numquam, L. Rubrius Casinas fecit heredem. Et quidem vide quam te amarit is qui albus aterne fuerit ignoras. Fratris filium praeteriit; Q. Fufii, honestissimi equitis Romani suique amantissimi, quem palam heredem semper factitarat, ne nominat quidem; te, quem numquam viderat aut certe numquam salutaverat, fecit heredem. Velim mihi dicas, nisi molestum est, L. Turselius qua facie fuerit, qua statura, quo municipio, qua tribu. Nihil scio,' inquis, nisi quae praedia habuerit.' Igitur fratrem exheredans te faciebat heredem. In multas praeterea pecunias alienissimorum hominum, vi ejectis veris heredibus, tamquam heres esset, invasit. Quamquam hoc maxime admiratus sum, mentionem te

of Pompeius' property. As to 'sector' see Pro Sex. Roscio, c. 29, and the note.

·

16. Ne jocis] Ne de jocis,' Wesenberg, Halm; and the preposition is wanted. Plutarch (Cicero, c. 38) speaks of Cicero joking in Pompeius' camp, and reports several of his sayings. If this was all that he had to say, it would have been better to stay away. Macrobius (Sat. ii. c. 3) reports some of these jokes. One of them is good. Pompeius asked Cicero where his son-in-law Dolabella was, and Cicero replied, with your father-in-law.

Hereditates] 'Hereditatem' Halm. The meaning of this charge is that Cicero was not respected or loved by any of his friends who had died. A testamentary gift was honourable to a man, and to be entirely passed over by his friends was a mark of disrespect. Cyrus, the architect, left Cicero part of his estate; and other testamentary gifts to Cicero are mentioned, as, for instance, that of Diodotus (Ad Att. ii. 20). sestertium ducenties] Acceptum rettuli,' I have entered in my books as re

6

Casinas] Of Casinum. Madvig "fecit heredem uncis inclusit' (Halm); which Halm prudently does not follow.

fuerit] V. D., 'ignoras' D. Halm. 'ignorans V. sine puncto.' The common reading is albus aterne fueris ignorans fratris filium,' &c.-'albus aterne:' this is as much as to say a person of whom we know nothing. Abrami refers to Catullus (93):

"Nil nimium studeo, Caesar, tibi velle placere,

Nec scire utrum sis albus an ater homo."

Turselius] Some other man whom Antonius had never seen, and yet he had got the man's property, by force, as Cicero says. Faciebat,' as Halm remarks, means that he had a mind to make you his Heres,' as you say now that you have forcibly got possession. Exheredans,' Index, Vol. ii.

hereditatum ausum esse facere, quum ipse hereditatem patris non adisses.

XVII. Haec ut colligeres, homo amentissime, tot dies in aliena villa declamasti? quamquam tu quidem, ut tui familiarissimi dictitant, vini exhalandi, non ingenii acuendi caussa declamitas. At vero adhibes joci caussa magistrum, suffragio tuo et compotorum tuorum rhetorem, cui concessisti ut in te quae vellet diceret, salsum omnino hominem, sed materia facilis est in te et in tuos dicta dicere. Vide autem quid intersit inter te et avum tuum. Ille sensim dicebat quod caussae prodesset; tu cursim dicis aliena. At quanta merces rhetori data est! Audite, audite, patres conscripti, et cognoscite rei publicae vulnera. Duo millia jugerum campi Leontini Sex. Clodio rhetori assignasti, et quidem immunia, ut populi Romani tanta mercede nihil sapere disceres. Num etiam hoc,

hereditatem ... adisses] He had not taken possession of the Hereditas of his father, which may have happened because his father exheredated (disinherited) him, as Halm supposes. But it is more likely that Cicero means that the succession was so encumbered with debt that Antonius did not take possession; for if he had done so, he would have had to pay the debts. The Praetor could in such case allow permission not to take possession, and then the property would be sold to pay the debts, as far as it would go. In the time of Gaius this

was the rule: "Sui et necessarii heredes ".
a description which comprehends sons and
daughters and a son's descendants, if they
were all in the power of the deceased at
his death,- -were Heredes whether they
chose or not, and whether they were Heredes
by testament or by intestacy; and this was
the reason why they were called 'neces-
sarii:"" Sed his Praetor permittit abstinere
se ab hereditate ut potius parentis bona
veneant." Hereditatem adire' was the
technical term used to express the taking
possession of a succession (Gaius ii.
167).

17. aliena villa] In the villa that had belonged to Scipio, the father of Cn. Pompeius' last wife, Cornelia (Phil. v. c. 7). Cicero speaks of Antonius' preparation for his speech in a letter to Cassius (Ad Div. xii. 2), “quum in villa Metelli complures dies commentatus esset." Metellus is P. Cornelius Scipio, who was adopted by Q. Caecilius Metellus, and took the name of Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio. He was consul B.C. 52 with Cn. Pompeius.- ingenii acuendi:' ingeniendi' V. Halm suggests that the true reading may be ingenii exer

cendi.' -'declamitas: declamas' V. Halm.

magistrum] Sex. Clodius Siculus the rhetorician.-' dicta:''sharp things, abuse,' as practice for Antonius to reply to. Suetonius calls Clodius dicax.' 'Dictum dicere' is one of Cicero's expressions. See Pro P. Quintio, c. 3, and the note on 'dicax,' Vol. ii. Suetonius in his notice of Sex. Clodius (De Illust. Rhet. 5), quotes Adhibes joci dicta dicere;' but he has 'concessisti ut in quem vellet diceret.'

avum] The great orator M. Antonius, who spoke 'sensim,' 'cautiously,' 'circumspectly.' Antonius in Cicero De Oratore (ii. c. 72) explains the method of his art. He was the first of all advocates. "Ego, mehercule, Antoni, semper is fui qui de te sic praedicarem, unum te in dicendo mihi videri tectissimum, propriumque hoc esse laudis tuae nihil a te unquam esse dictum quod obesset ei pro quo diceres" (De Or. ii. c. 73). Cicero says of Antonius in the Brutus, c. 37: "Omnia veniebant Antonio in mentem, eaque suo quaeque loco, ubi plurimum proficere et valere possent, ut ab imperatore equites, pedites, levis armatura, sic ab illo in maxime opportunis orationis partibus collocabantur."

At quanta disceres] Quoted by Suetonius, but he has audite' only once, and omits populi Romani:' The Campus Leontinus was a fertile tract in Sicily, which was the native island of Clodius (see Vol. i. Index, 'Leontinus Campus'). Clodius was to have his land free from all payments to the Roman state (immunia). See Verr. ii. 3, c. 6, and the note. The populus Romanus' paid for Antonius' rhetorical lessons, but he was too stupid to learn.

homo audacissime, ex Caesaris commentariis? Sed dicam alio loco et de Leontino agro et de Campano, quos iste agros ereptos rei publicae turpissimis possessoribus inquinavit. Jam enim, quoniam criminibus ejus satis respondi, de ipso emendatore et correctore nostro quaedam dicenda sunt. Nec enim omnia effundam, ut, si saepius decertandum sit, ut erit, semper novus veniam; quam facultatem mihi multitudo istius vitiorum peccatorumque largitur.

XVIII. Visne igitur te inspiciamus a puero? Sic opinor. A principio ordiamur. Tenesne memoria praetextatum te decoxisse? Patris, inquies, ista culpa est. Concedo; etenim est pietatis plena defensio. Illud tamen audaciae tuae, quod sedisti in quattuordecim ordinibus, quum esset lege Roscia decoctoribus certus locus constitutus, quamvis quis fortunae vitio, non suo decoxisset. Sumpsisti virilem quam statim muliebrem togam reddidisti. Primo vulgare scortum certa flagitii merces nec ea parva; sed cito Curio intervenit, qui te a meretricio quaestu abduxit, et, tamquam stolam dedisset, in matrimonio stabili et certo locavit. Nemo umquam puer emptus libidinis caussa tam fuit in domini potestate quam. tu in Curionis. Quoties te pater ejus domo sua ejecit, quoties custodes posuit ne limen intrares, quum tu tamen nocte socia, hortante libidine, cogente mercede, per tegulas demitterere. Quae flagitia domus illa diutius ferre non potuit. Scisne me de rebus mihi notissimis dicere? Recordare tempus illud quum pater Curio maerens jacebat in lecto; filius se ad pedes meos prosternens lacrimans te mihi commendabat; orabat ut se contra suum patrem si sestertium sexagies peteret defenderem; tantum enim se pro te intercessisse dicebat. Ipse autem amore ardens confirmabat, quod desiderium

emendatore et correctore] The man who would lesson and school me.

18. praetextatum] Before he assumed the toga virilis,' and still wore the 'praetexta.'-'decoxisse:' wasted all your substance.' See In Cat. ii. c. 3, and the note. The Lex Roscia of the tribune L. Roscius Otho (B.c. 67) assigned the fourteen nearest seats to the orchestra to the Roman Equites. (Pro Murena, c. 19.) "Sedilibusque magnus in primis eques Othone contempto sedet." (Hor. Epod. 4.) muliebrem] Meretrices and Libertinae wore the toga.' Matronae wore the 'stola.'

se contra] V. Halm, 'te contra' D.'peteret:' ipse a patre pro Antonio (Halm).-'intercessisse:' it is said he had become security (fidejussor) to the amount of sexagies' for Antonius. 'Intercedere' is a word that Cicero uses in this sense, as (Ad Att. vi. 1, § 5) "intercessisse se pro iis magnam pecuniam.” кк

tui discidii ferre non posset, se in exsilium iturum. Quo ego tempore quanta mala florentissimae familiae sedavi vel potius sustuli ! Patri persuasi ut aes alienum filii dissolveret, redimeret adolescentem summa spe et animi et ingenii praeditum rei familiaris facultatibus, eumque non modo tua familiaritate, sed etiam congressione, patrio jure et potestate prohiberet. Haec tu quum per me acta meminisses, nisi illis quos videmus gladiis confideres, maledictis me provocare ausus esses? XIX. Sed jam stupra et flagitia omittam ; sunt quaedam, quae honeste non possum dicere, tu autem eo liberior, quod ea in te admisisti quae a verecundo inimico audire non posses. Sed reliquum vitae cursum videte, quem quidem celeriter perstringam. Ad haec enim, quae in civili bello, in maximis rei publicae miseriis fecit, et ad ea quae quotidie facit, festinat animus. Quae peto ut, quamquam multo notiora vobis quam mihi sunt, tamen, ut facitis, attente audiatis: debet enim talibus in rebus excitare animos non cognitio solum rerum, sed etiam recordatio : etsi incidamus, opinor, media, ne nimis sero ad extrema veniamus.

Intimus erat in tribunatu Clodio, qui sua erga me beneficia commemorat; ejus omnium incendiorum fax, cujus etiam domi jam tum quiddam molitus est. Quid dicam ipse optime intelligit. Inde iter Alexandriam contra senatus auctoritatem, contra rem publicam et religiones; sed habebat ducem Gabinium, quicum quidvis rectissime facere posset. Qui tum inde reditus aut qualis? prius in ultimam Galliam ex Aegypto quam domum. Quae autem erat domus ? Suam enim quisque domum tum obtinebat, nec erat usquam tua.

summa spe] These beginnings did not seem very promising; but in his letters to Curio (Ad Div. ii. 1-7), written in B.C. 53-51, Cicero does express great hopes of this young man.-' quos videmus gladiis:' he writes as if he were speaking while Antonius' armed men were in the temple of Concordia.

19. incidamus... media] 'let us cut short the story of the middle part of his career.'

"Nec lusisse pudet, sed non incidere lu

dum." (Hor. Ep. i. 14, v. 36.)

molitus est] Manutius supposes that Cicero means to charge Antonius with attempting to corrupt Clodius' wife Fulvia, who was now Antonius' wife. It is only a guess. Alexandriam :' his visit to Egypt with Gabinius, to restore king Ptolemaeus (Introd.; and Index, 'Gabinius').-'in Galliam' to Caesar (Introd.).

tum obtinebat]tum optinebant' V.

Every man, except yourself, then held his house in safety. The civil war had not yet come, and confiscation, sales, and plunder. -Misenum:' some villa, we must suppose, at Misenum, near Baiae, on the coast of Campania.—' Sisaponem :' a town in Hispania Ulterior, in the Conventus of Corduba, now supposed to be Almaden. If this was a well-known expression, that will account for Cicero using it; but to us it is obscure. All we know of Sisapo is that cinnabar was worked there by the Roman Publicani, and that they were charged with adulterating it (Pliny, N. H. xxxiii. c. 7). Cinnabar is a bisulphuret of mercury. The mines of Almaden still produce abundantly. The reader has now the materials for divining the meaning of the passage. In c. 29 he again speaks of Misenum; he says "praeter partem Miseni." He shared Misenum some way with his Socii, as the Socii or company of Publicani shared Sisapo. But the reason for his comparing Misenum and

Domum dico? Quid erat in terris ubi in tuo pedem poneres praeter unum Misenum, quod cum sociis tamquam Sisaponem tenebas? XX. Venisti e Gallia ad quaesturam petendam. Aude dicere te prius ad parentem tuum venisse quam ad me. Acceperam jam ante Caesaris litteras, ut mihi satisfieri paterer a te. Itaque ne loqui quidem sum te passus de gratia. Postea sum cultus a te, tu a me observatus in petitione quaesturae. Quo quidem tempore P. Clodium approbante populo Romano in foro es conatus occidere, quumque eam rem tua sponte conarere, non impulsu meo, tamen ita praedicabas, te non existimare, nisi illum interfecisses, umquam mihi pro tuis in me injuriis satis esse facturum. In quo demiror cur Milonem impulsu meo rem illam egisse dicas, quum te ultro mihi idem illud deferentem numquam sim adhortatus. Quamquam, si in eo perseverares, ad tuam gloriam rem illam referri malebam quam ad meam gratiam. Quaestor es factus: deinde continuo sine senatusconsulto, sine sorte, sine lege ad Caesarem cucurristi; id enim unum in terris egestatis, aeris alieni, nequitiae perditis vitae. rationibus perfugium esse ducebas. Ibi te quum et illius largitio

Sisapo is not clear. Turnebus (Adv. x. c. 12) says that he alludes "Ad miniaria metalla Sisaponensium, quae societates Publicanorum exercebant; dicit enim Antonium non unum possessorem Miseni fuisse, sed possessionis socios habuisse multos." The working of the cinnabar was unwholesome says Pliny: "qui minium in officinis poliunt, faciem laxis vesicis illigant, ne in respirando pernicialem pulverem trahant et tamen ut per illas spectent." Abrami suggests that Antonius' villa was exposed to a horrible and pestilent wind, that is, was mortgaged to his creditors, and he quotes Catullus (xxvi.):

64

Furi, villula nostra non ad Austri Flatus opposita est nec ad Favoni, Nec saevi Boreae aut Apeliotae, Verum ad millia quindecim et ducentos, O ventum horribilem atque pestilentem." 20. Venisti] Venis' (Halm).- quaesturam :' see the Introd.— parentem tuum:' there is also a reading patrem tuum.' M. Antonius' father had long been dead, and his step-father Lentulus was strangled in B.C. 63.

His mother Julia was alive. George Buchanan proposed to read 'parentem tuam,' or 'matrem tuam.' Frotscher proposes to write 'tum' for tuum,' the worst alteration that could be proposed Halm has accepted it. Muretus proposed to read amatorem tuum.'

ut mihi satisfieri] The word 'litteras' contains the notion of the request that I would allow you to make your apology to me' for the past. 'Accordingly,' says Cicero, 'I did not even let you speak about a reconciliation:' he received Antonius with open arms, for he had Caesar's recommendation.-'observatus:' D., ' ovatus' V.; for which corrupt reading various conjectures have been proposed, 'adjutus,' 'ornatus,' and others. 'Observare,' says Manutius, "means in this passage to help a man in his canvass for office in such ways as it was allowed, by visiting his house, accompanying him abroad, and the like." Manutius shows that observare' is sometimes used to express the attention paid by a superior or an elder to an inferior or a younger.

Quamquam, si in eo] Manutius says that the sense requires quoniam,' for the reason is given why Cicero did not encourage him. But 'quamquam' means 'anyhow,' however:' if you had persevered in the matter, I was quite willing that all the credit of it should be yours rather than mine.' The words 'rem illam referri malebam' are omitted in V.

sine sorte] It was all irregular. He should have waited till the Nonae of December to have had his Provincia determined by lot, or he should have been appointed by a vote of the people (lege), or by a Senatusconsultum.