affliction and misery instead of gratification and joy. Suppose a person, influenced only by love of the beautiful and love of property, disregards the cravings of the remaining thirty-three mental instincts, and forms a matrimonial connection with an individual beautiful and rich, indeed, but incapable of gratifying the other organs. Ideality and Acquisitiveness will no doubt luxuriate for a while, but, like hunger surrounded by dainties, they will soon cease to crave. In this satiated condition, Benevolence, Adhesiveness, intellect, Self-esteem, will cry aloud for satisfaction; and if, instead of finding in the individual with whom we have connected ourselves for life the proper qualities to appease the cravings of these other mental appetites, we only find there immoral principles, levity, ignorance, and undignified deportment, what a harvest. of affliction and misery we shall reap, notwithstanding the transcendent beauty and immense property of our partner! On the other hand, if we marry chiefly with a view to satisfy what is termed pure, disinterested love, and even all our moral sentiments, but disregard Acquisitiveness and the sense of feeling, thus becoming blind to the known laws of physical existence and transmission, neither the most exquisite, the most refined satisfaction of all our affections, nor the most sublime and heaven-like enjoyment of all our virtuous cravings, will make up for the miseries of want, or the pangs created by a deformed, sickly, halfstarved, suffering progeny.

As this principle is of universal application, I might multiply, without end, examples in illustration of it. The one offered may suffice for the present. We may smile, or we may be serious, when we hear of man's possessing thirty-five organs, and of his having various clashing, opposing, and antagonistic desires; but it will nevertheless be certain, that the greater number of them we satisfy in any action, the more religious, moral, happy we are, and shall be, as far as that action is concerned; and the fewer we gratify, the more vicious, immoral, and miserable. With a knowledge of phrenology we shall be certain, that in marriage, or in any other action, not one but all our organs must be satisfied temperately and in due proportion, and that, therefore, we must study not only the nature of the action in all its bearings, but also ourselves as connected with that action. When we shall be certain that our animal passions, as well as our intellectual powers and moral feelings, will all be, by that action, temperately and harmoniously gratified, then, and not till then, shall we be certain that we are right-then, and not till then, shall we be certain that we obey the laws of God.

"And here, in conclusion, permit me to observe, that power of acting establishes duty of performance. If it has pleased Infinite Wisdom to bestow upon us animal instincts, moral sentiments, and intellectual powers, and to place us in a sphere where these capacities can find ample scope for action and guidance, as all the facts which constitute the sciences of geology, physiology, and phrenology prove, we are in duty bound to give them well regulated exercise. We can, as moral and intellectual beings, discern results, and be anxious to act for the general good. If we do not use our efforts so to do, as far as in us lies the power, we are responsible to God and man for our neglect, and for all the evil to us and to others, which shall arise from it. He who acts now, without connecting his present action with its inevitable future result, and without ascertaining, as far as it is in his power to ascertain, that the result will be for present as well as future, for individual as well as general happiness, acts not like a man, and clearly transgresses the laws of God, which have given him the power, and therefore made it his duty to use efforts to become more and more virtuous, useful, and

ny."

ARTICLE VI.

Treatise on the Physiological and Moral Management of Infancy, by ANDREW COMBE, M. D. with Notes and a Supplementary Chapter, by JOHN BELL, M. D. Published by Carey & Hart. 12mo. pp. 307.

This is the title of a new work from the well-known pen of Dr. A. Combe, and though its contents do not strictly come within the province of phrenology, yet from the intrinsic value of its matter, as well as from its intimate connection with the principles of that science, we deem the work well worthy of a notice in this place. From a critical examination of its pages, we predict that this new production of Dr. Combe is destined to be as popular, and to have as extensive a circulation, as his former work on the "Principles of Physiology, applied to Health and Education."* The increasing demand for works on the subject of physiology and its practical applications, is a cheering evidence of the advancement of a department of knowledge which, of all others, involves most seriously the happiness and best interests of mankind. The primary cause of this change in the community may be attributed, in no small degree, to the interest which the discovery and progress of phrenology have created. In fact, phrenology is strictly a part of physiology, being simply the results of an investigation into the true functions of the brain-the most important organ in the human body. The advocates of this science were the first in Great Britain to proclaim the vast importance of a general diffusion of a knowledge of the laws of physical organisation. They took the lead in expounding these laws, and showing their various applications, by writing popular essays for sundry periodicals, by the publication of numerous works, and the delivery of many public lectures on the subject. Such, also, has been the case in our own country.

No person but a believer in phrenology can fully perceive and appreciate the important bearings which the principles of physiology has on human happiness. It is absolutely necessary to see the entire dependence of all mental manifestations upon physical organisation, before mankind will ever pay that attention to the laws of the animal economy which their nature and importance demand. This

* We are informed, on good authority, that the Messrs. Harpers, of New York, have sold over thirty thousand copies of this work within four years, and they have recently issued a new edition, considerably improved and enlarged, which will undoubtedly find as great a sale.

is one of the principal causes why these laws have been so little appreciated or understood, both by the learned and the unlearned. And just as long as mind is studied and regarded as an abstract entity, being entirely independent in its operations of the body, and as long as there exists in the community a certain kind of contempt for the latter, just so long will there be ignorance and violation of some of the most important laws in the moral government of God. Mere dry precepts or verbal directions are not sufficient on this subject. We must become thoroughly acquainted, by observation and study, with the nature of the laws involved, and the consequences of their violation. And this remark applies not only to the laws of organic matter, but also to the laws of mind-for the laws of the latter are as fixed and certain as those of the former; and when violated, their penalties are equally unavoidable.

The work before us contains a very clear and faithful exposition of these laws, as applied to infancy. It is one of Dr. Combe's best productions; and we hesitate not to affirm that it is decidedly the most valuable and useful work that has ever been written on the subject. The truth of this remark could be fully substantiated, did space permit; but as we shall take occasion to refer to some topics in this work hereafter, our present notice of it must necessarily be brief. It discusses the following topics :-extent of mortality in infancy; sources of disease in infancy; delicacy of constitution in infancy; conditions in the mother affecting the health of the child; of the constitution of the infant at birth; the nursery, and conditions required in it; the management of the infant immediately after birth-washing and dressing; food of the infant at birth; on the choice, properties, and regimen of a nurse; artificial nursing and weaning; cleanliness, exercise, and sleep in early infancy; manage. ment of the infant during teething; management from the time of weaning to the end of the second year; on the moral management of infancy; and a supplementary chapter, including some general remarks on the above subjects, with particular reference to this country, by the American editor, Dr. J. Bell. Dr. B. has also appended to the other chapters many valuable notes. We most cordially recommend this work to the attention of all our readers; it should be not only read, but studied by every parent-and most especially by every mother-throughout the United States.

MISCELLANY.

Philosophy of Mind, developing new sources of Ideas, designating their distinctive classes, and simplifying the faculties and operations of the whole mind. By JOHN STEARNS, M. D. of New York, late President of the Medical Society of the State.

This is the title of a new treatise (in pamphlet form, 8vo. pp. 25) on mental science. The writer, after some general observations on the nature and importance of mental philosophy, proceeds to remark as follows:-"I shall now proceed to give my views on this subject, for which I claim no farther credence than as they may consist with reason and with truth, and be sustained by facts and by satisfactory evidence. Preparatory to more detailed explanations, I now submit the following propositions, as comprehending the fundamental principles of this theory:

"I. Man consists of three distinct entities.-BODY, SOUL, and MIND. "II. The ideas of sensation are those carnal ideas which constitute the animal propensities, and which we derive, in common with other animals, from the five senses.

"III. The intellectual, and moral, and religious ideas, which some philosophers ascribe to reflection, and to innate principles, are derived entirely and exclusively from the soul. In the soul is held the high court of chancery, denominated conscience, or the moral sense.

"IV. When the soul operates upon the brain, it produces what may be denominated a moral mind, endowed with intellectual and religious faculties; and until excited to operation by this operation, the faculties of the brain remain perfectly dormant.

"V. When the senses operate upon the brain, they produce what may be denominated a sensual mind, which man possesses in common with the inferior animals, but which is essentially changed and improved by the accession of the soul to the body."

Dr. Stearns here discusses, at some length, his first proposition, after which he offers sundry remarks in proof and illustration of the remaining propositions. We cannot here present even an analysis of his views, and much less enter into an examination of the merits of his

theory of mind. It is altogether too abstract and metaphysical to discuss in a phrenological journal.

Aspects of Phrenology on Religion. In a recent number of the Georgia Argus, (a weekly paper published at Columbus, Ga.) we find the following communication of a correspondent, addressed to the editors:

"I had the pleasure last Sabbath of attending the very able and learned discourse of the Rev. Dr. Blake, at the Methodist church; his subject was managed with great ability; showing evidently a mind of the highest order of intellect, and studiously cultivated. In the elucidation of a portion of his subject, he incidentally mentioned the science of phrenology; and remarked, that if it was properly understood by divines, and its principles practically taught, great good would result to the church; the idea appeared to the auditors, I have no doubt, as somewhat absurd, as a smile was visible throughout; it struck me, however, as

true; in fact, I have for many years believed that the time was not far distant when truths brought to light by philosophy would be called to aid the cause of religion. It has been unfortunate for the world, however, that so much bigotry should have existed in different ages: Galileo was told from high authority in the church, that his doctrine of the earth's revolution around the sun was at variance with Holy Writ, and that therefore it could not be true; the same was said to Columbus, upon his intimation of the existence of another continent. Bishop Butler, Adam Smith, Dugald Stewart, Dr. Huchinson, Mr. Ried, Dr. Thomas Brown, and Judge Blackstone, have all carried out in their teachings the principles of phrenology, though ignorant of the science. Improvement in the philosophy of the human mind is progressive, consequently the arts and sciences advance in every age. The discovery of the art of printing greatly aided the cause of religion and the spread of the gospel; so the discovery of phrenology is destined by the Almighty to carry truth into the ranks of error, to scatter that darkness which now enshrouds the intellectual and moral world, to strengthen the cause of God and religion, and to teach mankind that all the faculties of their nature, when brought into harmony with those laws which govern man and external nature, will constitute him happy here, and that a conformity to the will of God will render him happy hereafter.

"The time will come, when it will be seen that phrenology and religion harmonise: that the mysterious truths of the one will be analogically illustrated by the other; both teach the supremacy of man's moral nature; revelation addresses the individual powers and faculties which phrenology ascribes to man; revelation and phrenology alike suppose man designed by the Creator to believe mysterious truths, and capable of believing them, and righteously punished if this disbelief be persevered in; both agree in the fallen condition of man; both recognise the moral conflict in the breast of a good man between antagonistic principles; both acknowledge diversity of endowment, and consequent responsibility; both demand candour and charity in judging others; both agree in their estimate of virtue, and in exploding the doctrine of human merit. Truth and error cannot harmonise."

Laws of Hereditary Descent.-It is a settled principle in physiology, that the organisation of children depends very much on that of the parents. This principle pervades all organic matter, and has long been observed and successfully applied in many departments of the animal kingdom. But the great mass of mankind have been either profoundly ignorant, or entirely unmindful of the fact, that the human race is, in like manner, governed by organic laws, and is susceptible of improvement by precisely the same means. It would seem at first scarcely possible, that there could exist such ignorance and indifference on a subject that so vitally affects the health, happiness, and best interests of man. Strange that he should not exercise reason and common sense for the improvement of his own race, as well as of that of the brutes!

Phrenology is destined to throw great light on this intricate and allimportant subject. Facts abundantly prove that not only bodily predisposition to certain diseases is transmitted from parents to children, but that mental peculiarities are also, to a great extent, the result of hereditary descent. Phrenology, by making known the true functions of the brain, and showing the dependence of mind on matter, enables us to understand the laws which govern the transmission of mental qualitiesthat, as a general thing, the faculties which predominate in strength and activity in the parents will constitute the leading features of character