and passes resolutions against them,
228; no longer opposed to national
assertion, 262.

Democratic party, the party of the
people, 289.

Dennison, William, Postmaster Gen-
eral, 427.

Derne, Tripoli, captured, 237.
Detroit, Hull surrenders, 243; early
military colony at, 297.

Devens, Charles, Attorney General,
429.

Dexter, Samuel, Secretary of Treasury,
Secretary of War, 256.

Dickerson, Mahlon, Secretary of Navy,
321.

Dickinson, Don M., Postmaster Gen-
eral, 430.

Dickinson, John, advises more solid
confederation, 155.

Dinwiddie, Governor, sends Washing-
ton to reconnoiter, 92.
Direct tax, definition, 123.
Dismal Swamp, 287.

Dissenters, definition, 69; persecute
Quakers, 70.

District of Columbia, petitions con-
cerning slavery in, 301: slave trade
abolished in, 315; political status,
418.

Dix, John A., Secretary of Treasury,
426.

Dobbin, John C., Secretary of Navy,
426.

Dock Square, Boston, 137.
Dorchester, Mass., 53.

Dorchester Heights, Boston, 151.
Douglas, Stephen Arnold, introduces
Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 339; nomi-
nated for President, 344; debates
with Lincoln, 352.

Dover, N.H., settled, 59.

Drake, Sir Francis, circumnavigates
the globe, 41; portrait, 41.
Dred Scott decision, 342.

Duane, William J., Secretary of Treas-
ury, 320.

Duer, William, loyalty to Washington,
175.

Dutch, enterprise of, 34; settle New
Netherland, 36: invade New
Sweden, 37; build fort near Hart-
ford, 56; driven from site of Say-
brook, 56; dispossessed of New
Netherland, 62, 63; lose settlements
in Delaware, 78; life of, in colonial
New York, 115.

Duties, on colonial imports and ex-
ports, 127; on imports, for revenue,
206. See also Tariff; Taxation.

Eads, Captain J. B., engineering works
on Mississippi, 249; his bridge at
St. Louis, 283.

Early, General, raid into Maryland
and Pennsylvania, 379; defeated at
Winchester, 380.

East India Company, engages Hudson
to find shorter route, 34, 35; offers
to pay English tax on tea in America,
139; attempts to land tea in Boston,
139, 140.

East Indies, a new route to, sought by
Portuguese, 2; straight course to,
thought to have been found by
Columbus, 11; first reached by Ma-
gellan sailing westward, 14; short
passage to, discredited by Verra-
zano, 27; commerce of Dutch with,
34; English wish to find passage to,
41; luxuries from, in early New
York, 115.

East River Bridge, completed, 404.
Eaton, John H., Secretary of War, 320.
Edison, Thomas Alva, portrait, sketch,
399.

Edmunds, George F., 207; proposes
bill against polygamy, 404, 405.
Education, early history of, in United

States, 212, 213; societies formed to
promote, 331. See also Schools.
Effigy, definition, 123; king's officers
burned in, 132.

El Dorado, 308; California thought to
be, 312.

Election of 1876, contested, 401.
Electoral Commission, 401.
Electricity, inventions in, 325; appli-
cations of, 400.

Eliot, Rev. John, apostle to the In-
dians, 59.

Elizabeth, Queen of England, Vir-
ginia named for, 42.

Elkins, Stephen B., Secretary of War,

431.

Elkton, Howe lands army at, 172.
Emancipation Proclamation, 375.
Embargo Act, provisions of, 239; be-
comes unpopular, 239.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, his lines on
Concord Bridge, quoted, 144; por-
trait, sketch, 334.
Emigrant Aid Society, 345.
Endicott, William C., Secretary of
War, 430.

England, Columbus intends to seek aid
from, 5; intent on finding new way
to India, 41; sends ventures to Amer-
ica, 41-59; plans for sending poor
into Virginia, 48; Puritan Common-
wealth in, 61, 62; benefit of Naviga

tion Acts to, 62; war with Holland
and Spain, 62; takes possession
of New Netherland, 63; commerce
with colonies, 110; colonists grow-
ing apart from customs of, 125;
power of parties in, 126; restricts
trade and manufactures in colonies,
127; enacts Writs of Assistance, 128;
passes Stamp Act, 130; effect of
Stamp Act in, 133; effect of Bur-
goyne's surrender in, 173; declares
war on France, 173; concludes treaty
of peace with United States, 184;
seeks control of commerce with
States after Revolution, 189; re-
fuses to abandon Western posts, 190;
cotton interest in, 211, 212; policy
of, to restrict population to Atlan-
tic coast, 215; war with French
Republic, 222; claims right of search,
223; Jay's treaty with, 223, 224;
Napoleon aims to destroy commerce
of, 238; issues Order in Council,
238; impresses American seamen,
238, 239; renews seizures of vessels
and men, 241; United States de-
clares war on, 242; defeated at New
Orleans, 251; signs treaty of Ghent,
251; alarmed at Holy Alliance, 266;
claims on Pacific coast, 309; pro-
claims neutrality in war for the
Union, 361; demands Mason and
Slidell, 361; attitude towards Union,
362; concludes treaty of Washing-
ton, 394, 395; dispute with Ven-
ezuela, 414 poor and idle in, find
opportunity in America, 446.
English Colonies, trade restricted by
Navigation Acts, 62; charters re-
voked by James II., 64, 65; differ-
ences between French America and,
88; suspicious of French, and con-
temptuous of Indians, 89; hold con-
gress at Albany to resist French, 92;
learn to rely on their own military
strength, 93; almost supreme in
North America, 99; situation, 109;
commerce, population, 110; life and
travel in, 123; newspapers in, 124;
plans for union among, 123, 124;
reasons for and against union, 125;
political liberty in, 125, 126; treat-
ment of, by England, restriction of
trade and manufactures, 127; smug-
gling in, 128; Writs of Assistance
obnoxious to, 128, 129; object to tax-
ation without representation, 129;
make resistance to Stamp Act, 130;
call the Stamp Act Congress of 1765,
hostile attitude to English goods,

132; joy at repeal of Stamp Act, 134;
form into States, 153.
English language, common speech of
colonies, 110.

Enterprise, steamer, goes to India, 273.
Envoy Extraordinary, 223.
Era of Good Feeling, 262.
Ericsson, Captain John, inventor of the
Monitor, 367; portrait, sketch, 367.
Erie Canal, 272.

Europe, dependence of America upon,
221; wars of Napoleon in, 236; effect
of these wars on American com-
merce, 238, 239; admits equal right
on the seas to United States, 252;
United States becomes independent
of, 261; attitude of Monroe Doctrine
toward, 267;, commercial relations
with South, 361; religious changes
in, affect America, 444; economic
changes in, 445, 446.

Eustis, William, Secretary of War,

257.

Evarts, William M., Attorney General,
428; Secretary of State, 429.
Everett, Edward, Secretary of State,
425.

Ewing, Thomas, Secretary of Treasury,
322; Secretary of Interior, 425.
Executive Department, 474-476.
Expeditions, government, 326.

Fairchild, Charles S., Secretary of
Treasury, 430.

Falmouth, Me. (now Portland), burned
by British, 149.
Faneuil, Peter, 113.
Faneuil Hall, town meetings held in,
113; cut, 114; landing of tea opposed
in, 139, 140.

Farewell Address, Washington's, in-
junctions in, 225, 226.
Farmers, hostile to patroons, 116.
Farming, primitive, 209, 210.
Farragut, Admiral, takes New Orleans,
365; sketch, 365; portrait, 366; en-
ters Mobile Bay, 380.

Federal Hall, New York, Washington
takes oath of office in, 202.
Federalist, the, discusses new Consti-
tution, 193.

Federalist party, favors central gov-
ernment, 205; distrustful of French
Revolution, 222; passes Alien and
Sedition Laws, 227; waning power
of, 230; accused of plotting secession,
241; in New England, opposes War
of 1812, 242; at Hartford Conven-
tion, 251; becomes unpopular, 261,
262.

Florida, touched by Ponce de Leon,
14; country bordering on Gulf of
Mexico once called, 15; only one
settlement of Spanish in, 16; unsuc-
cessful attempt of Huguenots to
settle in, 28; given up by Spain, 99,
265, 266; Jackson carries Seminole
War into, 264, 265; only territory
admissible as slave State, 298; ad-
mitted to Union, 303.

Floyd, John B., Secretary of War, 426.
Folger, Charles J., Secretary of Treas-
ury, 430.

Food, of colonists, 112.

Fool's gold, 47.

Foote, Admiral, 363; captures Island
Number Ten, 365.

Foreign officers in Continental army,
jealousy of, 161.

Forests in the United States, 452.
Forsyth, John, Secretary of State, 320,

Fort Donelson, captured by Grant,
362, 363.

Fort Du Quesne, begun by English,
finished by French, 92; taken by
English and renamed Fort Pitt, 96.
Fort Erie, besieged by British, 248;
destroyed by Americans, 248.
Fort Frontenac, destroyed, 96.
Fort Henry, captured, 361, 362.
Fort Laramie, 312.

Fort Lee, abandoned, 167.
Fort McHenry, British repulsed at, 249.
Fort Mackinaw, captured by British,
243; Americans fail to take, 247.
Fort Malden, Hull demands surrender
of, 243; Harrison moves on, 246.
Fort Meigs, 246.
Fort Miami, 32.

Fort Mimms, captured by Creeks, 247.
Fort Moultrie, 349.
Fort Necessity, 101.

Fort Niagara, captured, 96.
Fort Orange, on present site of Al-
bany, 35, 36; becomes Albany, 63.
Fort Pickens, refuses to surrender,
349.

Fort Pillow, abandoned by Confeder-
ates, 365.

Fort Pitt, Fort Du Quesne renamed as,
96.

Fort St. Louis, plans for, on Illinois
River, 33.

Fort Stanwix, 171; treaty of, gives
westward impulse, 215.
Fort Stephenson, 246.
Fort Sumter, evacuation demanded,
349; attack on, 353; surrender of,
354; demolished by Union guns, 382;
flag again raised over, 383.
Fort Ticonderoga, captured, 149.
Fort Wagner, 375.

Fort Washington, captured, 167.
Forts, chain of, projected by La Salle,
32, 33; scarce in America, 165; Eng-
lish, on Mississippi, captured, 178;
seizure of Federal, by Confederacy,
348, 349.

Forward, Walter, Secretary of Treas-
ury, 322.

Foster, Charles, Secretary of Treas-
ury, 431.

Foster, John W., Secretary of State,
431.

Fourth of July, 156, 157; Adams and
Jefferson die on, 285.

Fox, George, teachings of, 69, 70.
France, Columbus intends to seek aid
from, 6; fishermen from, visit coast
of America, 27; King of, sends Ver-
razano and Cartier to America, 27,

28; takes possession of and settles
Canada, 28, 29; influence on Indians
through missions and soldiers, 30;
Mississippi Valley taken possession
of for, 32; aids La Salle, 33; gives
up Canada and certain other posses-
sions in America, 99; makes Florida
over to Spain, 99; United States de-
sires aid of, 160, 161; Franklin a
hero in, 161; formal alliance with,
173; English declares war on, 173;
policy to recover Mississippi Valley,
177; interest concerning United
States in, 221; Republic declares
war with England, 222; wishes aid
of United States, 223; displeased
with Jay's treaty, 226; seizes Ameri-
can vessels, 226; Adams sends en-
voys to, 226; they are ordered to
leave, 227; United States prepares
for war against, 227; new embassy
to, and treaty with, 228; Louisiana
ceded to, by Spain, 232; sells Louisi-
ana to United States, 233; pro-
claims neutrality in Civil War,
361.

Francis I. of France, sends out Verra-
zano, 27.

Francis, David R., Secretary of In-
terior, 432.

Franklin, Benjamin, his services to
Philadelphia, 117, 118; sketch, 117,
118; portrait, 119; principal author
of Albany Plan of Union, 124; opin-
ion of Stamp Act, 133; on cost of
Revolution to England, 151; anec-
dote of, 157; commissioner to
France, 161; signs treaty of peace,
184; efforts for closer union of
States, 192.

Franklin, James, brother of Benjamin,

118.

Franklin, Sir John, Kane's search for,
338; sketch of, 338.
Franklin, State of, 190.
Franklin stove, 118.

Fraser's River, 310.

Frederica, Ga., threatened by Spanish
fleet, 86.

Frederick the Great, 96, 161.

French America, 26-33; English not
friendly to, 88, 89; military superi-
ority to English, 90; encroaches on
Ohio Company, 92.

French and Indian War, begins, 92,
93; in Acadia, 94; part of Seven
Years' War, 95, 96; Pitt's policy as
to, 96; campaigns, 96; capture of
Quebec, 97-99; peace, 99; privateer-
ing in New England during, 115;
Franklin furnishes supplies during,
118; adds to debt of England, 128.
French fleet, goes to Newport, 176;
scattered by storm, 177; helps trap
Cornwallis, 182.

French Revolution, enthusiasm for, in
United States, 222.
Frenchtown, 246.

Friends, Society of, 117; origin of, 70;
persecuted in England and New Eng-
land, 70; settles New Jersey, 72; and
Pennsylvania, under Penn, 73; given
rights of Englishmen in Maryland,
78; expels General Greene, 181.
Frontiersmen, 214, 215; in the Revolu-
tion, 178.

Fugitive Slave Law, provisions of, 315;
Seward willing to enforce, 350.
Fugitive slaves, 281.

Fulton, Robert, invents steamboat,
273; portrait, 273.

Fur trade, tempts explorers, 29; fur
traders settle Manhattan Island, 35;
St. Louis the center of Western, 310.

Gadsden, General James, agent in
Mesilla Valley purchase, 306.
Gage, General, refuses to recognize
Massachusetts legislature, 141; forti-
fies Boston, 142; plans to destroy
stores at Concord, 142; succeeded
by Howe, 151.

372.

Free coinage, 416.

Free Soil party, formed, 307.

Free trade, 277.

Freedmen, legislation for, 389, 390;
evil political influence over, 391.

Freedmen's Bureau, 389.

ury, 4 2.

Gates, General Horatio, Burgoyne
surrenders to, 173; supersedes
Schuyler, 173; Conway Cabal to
displace Washington by, 175; de-
feated at Camden, S.C., 180; suc-
ceeded by Greene, 181.

tary of State, 430.

teers in, 363.

Gallatin, Albert, Secretary of Treas-
ury, 256, 257.

Garfield, James Abram, portrait, 403;
sketch, 403, 404; assassination of,
404.

Garland, Augustus H., Attorney Gen-
eral, 430.

Garrison, William Lloyd, sketch, 299;
mobbed, 299; attacks slavery, 300;
statue of, 300.

Gary, James A., Postmaster General,
432.

Genet, Edmond Charles, French min-
ister, issues commission to priva-
teers, 223; recalled, 223.
Geneva Arbitration, 395.
Genoa, birthplace of Columbus, 1;
rich from commerce with Asia, 2;
refuses to aid Columbus, 3.
George III., policy of, 126; maintains
right to tax colonies, 139; determines
to crush the Revolution, 150; tyran-
nical acts, 155; hires Hessians to
fight in America, 165; his hatred for
Chatham, 173; agrees to treaty of
peace, 184.

Georgia, named for George II., 84;
founded by Oglethorpe, 85; growth
of, 85, 86; reverts to the crown, 86;
not represented in First Continental
Congress, 141; British possess, 177;
does not at once relinquish public
lands, 188; Indians in, 287.
Germans, in Pennsylvania, 73, 117;
settle in South Carolina, 84; in
Georgia, 85.

Germantown, Pa., settled, 73; battle
of, 172.

Germany, emigration from, 328, 329.
Gerry, Elbridge, envoy to France, 226;
Vice President, 257.

Gettysburg, battle of, 377; Lincoln's
speech at National Cemetery, 420;
text of speech, 421.
Ghent, treaty of, 251.

Gibbs, General, British general at
New Orleans, mortally wounded, 251.
Gila River, becomes northern boundary
of Mexico, 306.

Gilmer, Thomas W., Secretary of
Navy, 322.

Gilpin, Henry D., Attorney General,
321.

Globe, early scholars' knowledge of, 1;
Behaim's, 7, 8; world first known to
be a, 15.

Gloucester, Va., 182, 183.

Glover, General John, maneuvers
American army over the Delaware,
169.

Goff, Nathan, Secretary of Navy, 429.
Gold, trinkets of, taken to Spain by
Columbus, 11; an object of Spanish
conquests, 15; London Company's
search for, 46; pyrites mistaken for,
47; discovery of, in California, 312;
eagerly sought by early explorers,
443.

Gold Coast, discovered, 441.
Gold standard, 416.

Goods, better class imported, 271; im-
provement of American, 272.
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, forms settle-
ments in New Hampshire and Maine,
59; title of, to Maine bought by
Massachusetts, 284.

Gosnold, Bartholomew, names Cape
Cod, 44; forms Virginia Company,

44.

Gosport Navy Yard, 365, 367.
Graham, George, Secretary of War,

319.

Graham, William A., Secretary of
Navy, 425.

Grenada, surrendered by Moors, 5.
Grand Army of the Republic, 385.
Granger, Francis, Postmaster General,
322.

Grangers, Order of, 396.
Grant, Jesse Root, father of General
Grant, 363, 364.

Grant, General Ulysses S., takes Forts
Henry and Donelson, 362, 363;
sketch, 362, 363; portrait, 364; takes
Vicksburg, 377; in command of
armies of the West, then commander-
in-chief, 378; moves on Richmond,
378; enters Petersburg defenses,
382; Lee surrenders to, 383; admin-
istration of, 392-396; later years,
death, 406; cut of tomb, 407; Secre-
tary of War (ad interim), 427.
Grasse, Count de, helps trap Corn-
wallis, 182.

Gray, Captain Robert, discovers
Columbia River, 309.
Great American Desert, 316.
Great Britain, see England.
Great Commoner, see Pitt, William.
Great Harry, famous English ship,
cut of, 40.

Great Khan of Asia, letter given to
Columbus for, 6.

Great Lakes, 453; explored by La
Salle, 32; held by Great Britain till
1795, 214: as a bond of peace, 263.
Great Muddy River, a name for Mis-
souri River, 283.
Great West, see West.
Greeley, Horace, 373.