FOOTSTEPS OF BLOOD.

301 at least have screened the people from grievous oppression; and it would have had that effect on any soldiers in the world but those of the French republic. When they found themselves well supplied, relieved from fear of an immediate attack, and additionally strong by the capture of Tolosa, they began to break the capitulation, and subject the people to the yoke of terror. A guillotine was set up in the great square at St. Sebastian's; all the nobles, priests, and persons of property in the province were arrested; the churches were shut up; and domiciliary visits, requisitions, and every kind of plunder and cruelty drove the inhabitants to despair, and compelled them to seek refuge in other parts of Spain: then the French seized what little property they left behind, under pretence that they were emigrants.

66

103. Not content with these unprovoked enormities, the French utterly destroyed with fire four flourishing villages, named Eybar, Ermua, Ondarroa, and Berrialua.

66 104. After some indecisive exertions the French army was divided, but nothing particular was done,' says the author, except burning a few villages.'

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105. Battle and massacre of Villanova. At length a severe battle was fought, which lasted two days: the Spaniards, at first successful, were at last defeated. The French

kept but few prisoners: the greater part of those who fell into their hands were massacred without pity after the ac⚫tion. Government had ordered that no quarter should be given, and their directions were strictly obeyed.'

"106. The West Indies-1794, 1795. The cruelties and massacres which followed the rash decree of the National Assembly, for abolishing slavery, prepared the people to expect a continuation of similar acts. The islands were, like the mother-country, divided between parties of royalists and republicans; and, when the republicans got the advantage, they were no less cruel than in France. Several of the islands had been conquered by the English, and the vast colony of St. Domingo was partly in their possession, when a reinforcement arrived from France, under Victor Hugues, and landed in Guadaloupe. Favoured by circumstances, and particularly by the prevalence of the yellow fever in the British army, the French speedily reconquered great part of the island, burning the plantations, and committing every sort of violence. As their success increased, they shewed still greater ferocity: at Petit-Bourg they murdered the sick in the hospitals, with circumstances of extraordinary savageness; the road from the hospital was strewed with the bodies of men who had attempted to crawl to the boats, but were waylaid, and murdered by the

French, who glutted their fury by a promiscuous carnage. The perpetrators of this bloody tragedy were neither exasperated by resistance, nor menaced by danger: their victims were unnerved by sickness, and incapable of resistance.

"108. A party of French royalists in garrison at Fort Gozier, conscious of the barbarous intentions of their countrymen, requested leave to make a desperate sally, hoping that a few might escape, or, at least, that all might die honourably, with arms in their hands. General Graham refused permission, never suspecting that barbarity could be carried to the extreme it afterwards was. Three hundred fell into the hands of Hugues; part were dispatched by the guillotine; but, thinking this process too tedious, he tied the miserable victims together, exposing them on the banks of the trenches to the fire of the rawest of the banditti who followed his standard. Some were killed; some, who were only slightly wounded, were drawn by the weight of their carcasses into the ditch, and there the living and the dead were buried together.

66 109. With respect to the English, the living and the dead were equally objects of insult and cruelty. The tomb of the gallant General Dundas, who died of the yellow fever, was destroyed, and his remains thrown into the river by com mand of Victor Hugues. The British officers were condemned to the most servile labours, and must have perished but for the affection of their men, who took the tasks intended for them among themselves.

[To be continued.]

Salutary Maxims* for the VOLUNTEERS and SOLDIERS: Recommended to be placed in their Guard-rooms and Drill grounds.

1. IMPORTANCE of Health. It is the main spring of action, both in public and private affairs: it is that, without

* These rules are copied from page 306-311 of a popular work, entitled, The SOLDIER'S FRIEND: containing familiar Instructions to the Loyal Volunteers, Yeomanry Corps, and military Men in general, on the Preservation and Recovery of their Health; with a prefatory Address to commanding Officers. By WILLIAM BLAIR, A.M. Member of the Royal College of Surgeons; Fellow of the Medical Societies of London, Paris, and Brussels; Surgeon of the Lock Hospital and Asylum, and of the Bloomsbury Dispensary, &c. A new Edition, considerably enlarged, and illustrated by eight Engravings.-London, 1803 : printed for Murray, Fleet Street; Hatchard, Piccadilly; Longman and Rees, Paternoster Row; Egerton, Charing Cross; Bell and Bradfute, Edinburgh; and Gilbert and Hodges, Dublin. Price 5s. Boards, or 51 for 25 Copies.

SALUTARY MAXIMS OF HEALTH.

303

which all our motions must languish, and our designs become vain. The health of an army must, therefore, be of equal importance with its existence; or rather, I should say, an army without health is a burden to the state it was intended

to serve.

2. On Casualties. The principal indications in apparent drowning are, to restore the natural warmth of the body, to re-produce the action of breathing, and to excite the circulation of the blood. In cases of violent bleeding, compress the artery with a tourniquet above the wounded part of the limb, and especially at that particular point where the blood-vessel is situated near a bone. In fractures and dislocations, convey the patient to a surgeon in the most easy and natural posture, without making any tight bandages or strong extensions.

3. Of Camps and Barracks. Choose a clean, dry, airy, and elevated ground; well supplied with pure running water; at a distance from marshes, unwholesome vapours, and manufactories. Enjoin the strictest attention to neatness, ventilation, and personal decorum. Exclude sick and uncleanly men of every description; and often change the camp station, especially in warm and moist weather.

4. Of Cleanliness. Dirty soldiers are the first to be infected with disease. The wearing-apparel, bed-clothes, knapsacks, &c. must be daily exposed to the air. Health cannot be loug preserved without personal cleanliness. Fumigate and seower frequently; commit no nuisance within doors; burn no lamps, and cook no provisions, where many men are assembled together, particularly in the sleeping-room.

5. Of Exercise. Never be slothful or idle. Daily use of the limbs gains daily strength. After violent exercises, cool yourself slowly; drink nothing during extreme heat of the body; and, when greatly fatigued, begin by eating mode rately of light food, at least some hours before you partake of a full meal. When the body has cooled, prepare to change your dress, rub your skin dry; and put on aired linen or flannel, according to the temperature of the weather.

6. Of military Dress. Adapt your dress to your profession, and the circumstances into which you will probably be called. Avoid tight garments and heavy accoutrements. When the

season is mild, and your duties easy, employ lighter and cooler clothes than in the wet or wintry season. During night-duty, wear cotton or flannel next the skin; and never dispense with your cloak or great coat, even in the height of summer, especially in a damp situation.

7. Of intemperate Weather. Avoid the extremes of hot

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and cold; but, more particularly, of moist and warm together. In a damp, foggy autumn, bè doubly cautious to avoid catching colds, and on the slightest attack apply to your physician. Live well in the winter, but sparingly in summer. Spirituous and vinous liquors, with tobacco-smoking and spicy food, are chiefly to be allowed in a wet and gloomy season: even then, however, beware of acquiring a habit of dram-drinking.

8. Of Diet and Cookery. Be simple, neat, provident, and economical, in diet: mess together at breakfast and dinner; eat none but wholesome food, and narrowly watch your purveyors. Prefer fresh meat and farinaceous vegetables, but be cautious of greens and unripe fruits, which endanger complaints of the bowels. Let your drink be plain, natural, and refreshing for daily use take malt liquor, well prepared, and of good materials; such only is nourishing.

:

9. Of Vice and Dissipation. Make CHRISTIANITY, as it is taught in the Bible, your rule of life: shun all kinds of excess; for gluttony is odious, and drunkenness is immediately hurtful. Be always industrious, and you will have no time to keep ill company, nor to indulge in habits of dissipation. Ardent spirits and wine have slaughtered more men than the sword, "and always tend to the ruin of both soul and body. If you cannot be abstemious, find a modest and prudent wife; for, licentiousness entails poverty and lingering disorders.

10. Prevention of Diseases. By observing the rules already laid down, you will avoid nine complaints out of ten which afflict your dissolute and careless companions. Apply for medical advice, and follow it, on the first symptom of any disorder. The British government has amply provided for the sick; and you will, therefore, be not only ungrateful but foolish in neglecting to improve by your privileges.

11. Hospitals and Nursing. Be strictly attentive to the regulations of your hospital; which are judiciously appointed by men of talents, who wish for your welfare, and are devoted to your service. Be thankful to your paternal King and your native country, for the means which are established of restoring (under GOD) your health and liberty, far beyond those enjoyed by any other nation.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

SCRUTATOR will be answered in a few days.

The favour of CIVIS is not consistent with our plan, and therefore cannot be inserted.

S. GOSNELL, Printer, Little Queen Street, Holborn. NOVEMBER 26, 1803.

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY, Price 3d. each Number, 2s. 6d. a Dozen, or 20s. per Hundred, By J. HATCHARD, N° 190, Piccadilly; R. BICKERSTAFF, Corner of Essex Street, Strand; J. ASPERNE, Cornhill; and H. D. SYMONDS, Paternoster Row.

This truly patriotic and cheap Miscellany having been so universally approved and recommended for extensive Circulation, the Publishers (to prevent future Mistakes and Disappointment) beg leave to inform the Nobility, Gentry, Clergy, and other liberal Persons who distribute the Work gratuitously, that the successive Numbers of the LOYALIST may be had regularly of their own Booksellers or Newsmen in the different Parts of the British Dominions.

Original Communications (post paid) are received for the Editor, by J. HATCHARD, Bookseller to HER MAJESTY, NO 190, Piccadilly.

S. GOSNELL, Printer, Little Queen Street, Holborn. DECEMBER 3, 1803.

THE

LOYALIST:

NUMBER XIX..

DEDICATED, BY PERMISSION, TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS

THE

DUKE OF YORK.

"Embarked with my brave and loyal people in one common cause, it is my fixed determination, if the occasion should arise, to share their exertions and their dangers in the defence of our constitution, our religion, our laws, and independence."

The King's Speech, November 22, 1803.

Extract from HIS MAJESTY's most gracious Speech in the Imperial Parliament, on the 22d of November last.

MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,

SINCE I last met you in Parliament, it has been my chief object to carry into effect those measures which your wisdom had adopted for the defence of the United Kingdom, and for the vigorous prosecution of the war. In these preparations I have been seconded by the voluntary exertions of all ranks of my people, in a manner that has, if possible, strengthened their claims to my confidence and affection: they have proved that the menaces of the enemy have only served to rouse their native and hereditary spirit; and that all other considerations VOL. 1. N° 19.