PREFACE

Mental Arithmetic is a valuable study. Properly taught, it leads the pupil to concentrate his mind. and to do rapid, logical and intelligent reasoning. It gives him mental power that cannot be derived from any other branch in a common school curriculum.

A logical sequence exists between the problems of this book. It begins with very simple problems, and advances by easy, graded steps to problems more complex and difficult. It presents but one difficulty at a time, and gives a clear, concise solutier where it is necessary to explain the new principle.

A great many concrete problems are used in the introduction of every subject, while very few abstraet problems are found in the book. After a careful treatment of every principle in each section, the section closes with a large number of review problems.

It will be seen at once that this Mental Arithmetic contains all the essentials; that it omits all puzzles and obsolete problems; and that the pupil who masters it must have a thorough knowledge of what is practical in arithmetic.

The author desires to express his obligations to many prominent principals and superintendents who have read the manuscript of this book and given him valuable assistance.

MILTON, PA.

EDWARD WEIDENHAMER.

MENTAL ARITHMETIC

WHOLE NUMBERS

ADDITION

1. John has 2 apples, and Mary gives him 1 more. How many apples has John then?

SOLUTION.-If John has 2 apples, and Mary gives him 1 more, John then has 2 apples and 1 apple, which are 3 apples.

2. Fred has 1 thumb on his right hand and 1 on his left hand. How many thumbs has he on both hands? 3. A boy had 1 cent, and received 2 more. How many cents had he then?

4. Frank had 2 marbles in one pocket and 2 in another. How many marbles had he in both pockets? 5. Jennie picked 3 white roses and 2 red ones. How many roses did she pick?

6. Heber solved 4 problems, and Ruth solved 3. How many problems did both solve?

7. May gave 3 cents to her sister and 3 cents to a beggar. How many cents did she give to both?

8. Mr. Smith has 3 white horses, 3 black horses, and 2 bay horses. How many horses has he?

9. Ralph gave me 5 apples, and Edward gave me 4. How many apples did both give me?

10. Harry has 4 books, and his brother has 4. How many books have they together?