towers, each 120 feet high, one on each side of the Rhine, at Homberg and Rührort, each of which contains an engine. These machines, combining the forces of steam and water have a platform with rails, and by means of which two large wagons, loaded with goods, can be raised and lowered according to the difference of the height of the water and the rails of the railway, which terminate in the towers. The correspondence between the two banks, and the stations of Homberg and Rührort, is made by a large steamer, having rails on deck carrying twelve carriages, and in this manner the passengers are conveyed in the railway carriages without changing their seats, from one bank to the other. Aix-la-Chapelle to Cologne.-The railway leaves Aix-la-Chapelle station by a splendid viaduct, on two tiers of fifteen small and twenty large brick arches. The viaduct spans the narrow valley of the Wormbach, and is 892 feet long, and 70 feet high in the centre. Close by the side of the line, to the left, is the Castle of Frankenburg. Charlemagne is reported to have founded a castle on this spot, in which he dwelt, and there died his third Queen Fastrada. Tradition states that he never left her body, night or day, which was inclosed in a glass coffin, until Turpin the Wise opened the coffin one day during the emperor's sleep, and released him from his thraldom, by taking from off the dead queen's finger her gold wedding ring, and throwing it into the moat of the castle. Nirem,-This village is seen just previous to entering the cutting leading to the Nirem tunnel, 327 yards long, and carrying the railway through the basin of hills which surround Aix. Passing through the beautiful wood of Reichswald, Stolberg Station is reached. Hotels: Hissels and Wetters. The town, a manufacturing one, with about 8,000 inhabitants, is built about 3 miles south of the station, up a valley studded with mills, forges, &c., near a picturesque old castle. A short branch from this to Alsdorf (Stat.) was opened 1872. Leaving here, the railway traverses a country rich with coal mines, and having houses, chimneys, andsteam engines on every side right we see the little village of Pump, with its To the left and extensive ironworks, and, crossing the Jude, we enter a curved tunnel, piercing the rock of the Schenberg, and arrive at Escheweller Station-An industrious little town of 3,600 inhabitants, built on the Jude, and having silk, iron, and wire manufactories, and also an old picturesque castle close to the line. The old castle of Northberg is next passed; it is flanked with four towers, and then we pass over the high embankment which precedes the deep cutting passed through by the railroad previous to our arrival at Langerwehe. Beyond this, through the Vale of the Wehe, a viaduct of seven arches conveys the railway, which, after emerging from the cutting, looks by the village and castle of Merode, and again pursuing its course through the village of Dhorn, crossing the Rhine immediately after, by a bridge of six arches, we enter the station. Quitting here, the railway passes through the villages of Dhorn and of Gwazauch on the left, and is there carried over the Ruhr, by a bridge of six arches, after which we arrive at Düren, about 1 mile distant. Düren Station. A manufacturing town, with a population of 10,300; so called from the Roman Marcodurem, near which Charlemagne defeated the Saxons. Its chief articles of manufacture are cloth and paper. It contains one church, that of St. Anne, and a Protestant place of worship lately erected. From here a pleasant excursion may be made up the valley of the Ruhr to the beautiful village of Niedheggen, 8 miles south of Düren, built on a hill, on which are the ruins of a castle, where Engelbert Archbishop of Cologne, was imprisoned in the thirteenth century. The line passes a cutting between the Meuse and Rhine, terminating a little way short of Buir Station, from which it proceeds by a high embankment, over the lowlands of the valley of the Erft, crossing that river by three bridges before reaching Horrem Station, which is near the fine old Castle of Fronz. Passing from the Erft into the Valley of the Rhine, through Königsdorf tunnel, a mile long, carried through a hill of sand 136 feet below the summit we arrive at Cologne, with its myriad towers and steeples, elevated far above which rises the octagon of St. Gereon, with its detached forts and half-buried towers surrounded with trees. This brings us to Königsdorf; from here we proceed to Mugernsdorf, crossing the road from Cologne to Jülich. Here a very fine view can be had of COLOGNE (German, Köln; Dutch, Keulen).— Hotels: Hotel Disch, in Bridge Street (not the Restaurant of the same name), very highly recommended. The Hotel Disch is most centrally situated, and is much frequented by English families and single gentlemen, who experience equal attention and civility. The proprietors, Messrs. Disch and Capellan, have a large assortment of the best Rhine and Moselle wines for wholesale. Hotel du Nord.-Excellent hotel, near the Central Station, the Cathedral, the Rhine, &c. Hotel de Hollande, a first-rate establishment, facing the quay, commands a charming view of the Rhine. Moderate charges, civility, and attention. The Hotel de Belle Vue, at Deutz, on the opposite side of the Rhine, facing Cologne, of which it commands a fine view. Reading Rooms, Baths, Concerts. Grand Hotel Victoria, situated in the Haymarket, close to the Rhine-exceedingly good in every respect; capital table d'hôte. Hotel du Dome, Dome Square, exactly opposite the Cathedral, two minutes' walk from the Central Station. A good second-class hotel. ENGLISH CHURCH, Tempelhaus, No. 8, Rheingasse Rev. F. Rabbetts, M.A. COMMISSION OFFICE.-W. Tilmes & Co., 4, Domkloster, opposite the Cathedral. Cologne is a fortified town, situated on the left bank of the Rhine, with a population of 110,000, including its suburbs, Tête de Pont and Deutz, on the right bank. A bridge of boats, 400 feet, connect the town and suburbs. The new railway bridge across the Rhine is a very fine structure. There is a way for foot passengers. Droskies, or cabs, hired at the rate of 15 to 20 silver-groschen per hour; 5 s.g. for a quarte· hour's drive, with one or two persons; with three or four, 10 s.g. This remarkable town owes its origin to the camp that Marcus Agrippa pitched on the skirts of the hill that stretches from the church of St. Mergen as far as the ground now occupied by the Street Obenmauren. That camp was afterwards perfected by the removal of the Ubi, under Tiberius, a native tribe, from the east bank of the Rhine, on which they had previously lived, to the right bank, on the spot where Cologne now stands. Hotel Holgers, Friedrich's Hof, Wiener Hof, About a century after, this original city, called Kolnischer Hof. Cafés, Restaurant; Reichard, Hampshr, Café Kobele, Royal, La Bourse, Gertruden Hof, Brewery Restaurant, Wanscheidtand Leuz. EAU DE COLOGNE.-Travellers are frequently importuned by officious persons offering to direct or accompany them to this or that vendor of the celebrated perfume, and as there are upwards of sixty manufacturers of this article, we have deemed it right to recommend, in full confidence, the establishment of Johann Maria Farina, at Julichs Platz, No. 4, representing the original distiller since 1709, who has several prize medals and is the only maker entitled to carry on the primitive firm, Ubiorum, was enlarged by a Roman colony of veterans, sent hither by Agrippina, the wife of Claudius and mother of Nero, who was born here in the camp of her father, Germanicus. It was thence called after her, Colonia Agrippina, from which arises its modern appellation. Cologne is deeply interesting in its historical reminiscences, as well as in the analysis of its chequered destiny, traced on many a page of overflowing prosperity. Prostrate one season and flourishing in another, this town passed through epochs different in their character as they were disastrous or beneficial in their consequences. At this distant and remote period, when cycles of centuries have rolled over since the mail-clad Roman swayed his delegated impe- | members of the Hanseatic League, and the emrialism in this city, we can trace monuments of his sovereignty in the fragmental atoms of broken walls dispersed throughout the city buildings, in the antiquities of Roman origin dug up daily from beneath its surface, as well as in the marked outline, classical features, and aquiline noses of the population, whose physiognomy indicates their hereditary descent, and distinctly marks them as of a different race from their German neighbours. The distinctive mark of their Roman origin has not seemed otherwise than as a boast and an honour to the people of this city, who, in the enthusiasm of their pride, designated themselves Patricians. The consular toga adorned their chief magistrates, who, like the Roman consuls and triumvirs, were preceded by lictors, and had inscribed on their banners S. P. Q. C. The antiquarian disposed to rigidly scan the outline and extent of the Civitas, Ubiorum, will trace through the Auf der Burgmaeur, by the Zeughaus, by the Klarenthurm, erected on the Roman walls by the Franks, thence through the gardens to the Lach, where appears another Roman tower, and to the Marsiltein; and thence again eastward to the church of St. Mary, erected on the site of the capitol, and thence by the Rathaus, the site of the Roman Prætorium, to the cathedral, the foundations of the Roman walls, from which he can at once ascertain the limits of the Colonia Agrippina and its extensions. The outer walls enclosing the town date from the twelfth and fifteenth centuries consecutively, and are a perfect specimen of that species of building of the middle ages, being flanked with picturesque towers and gate-houses. The present extent of Cologne is about 2 English miles from the Bayenthurm, at the upper end of the Thürmchen, or little tower at the lower end; and 4 English miles between these same points on the land side, round the wall. Here it was that Vitellius and Sylvanus, the latter of whom was assassinated in the capitol, had themselves proclaimed emperors; and, at a later period, in 500, Clovis was proclaimed King of the Franks. In the middle ages, Cologne was a powerful and flourishing city, and one of the most important porium of the trade of Eastern Europe, being the central medium from whence were transported the arts and products of the east to the west of Europe, and maintaining an incessant communication with Italy. Nor is it at all improbable that the southern school of painting received many of its perfections and improvements at the hands of northern artists; at all events, it is certain that we can trace an intimate connection between the Rhenish and Italian schools; whilst the southern style of architecture is seen in many of the oldest churches. And to-day, when, after the lapse of so many centuries, we should expect to see all traditional observances of Roman custom departed, we behold, in Cologne, the celebration of the Carnival after the same style, and with as much spirit, as in Rome-an inheritance and a legacy bequeathed by the early Roman inhabitants to the Colognese. Very many associations of bygone years, and their events, render Cologne an object of deep interest to English travellers, not the least of which is that it was the residence of William Caxton in 1470, and the place where he learned the art of printing, which he introduced into England a short time afterwards, and thereby laid the foundation of that mighty power which has contributed so much to her greatness and prosperity. richt" (staple laws), whereby all goods arriving at In 1259 Cologne obtained for itself the "Stapel this port were transferred to Cologne vessels, and made to pay a high rate of duty for further transit. The dignity and importance of this city had by this time become acknowledged over all Europe; it was called the "heilige stadt," or holy city. Its merchants were highly privileged in England by Henry VI., who allowed them the sole occupation of the Guild Hall. It numbered within its walls 365 churches, and could send into the field 80,000 fighting men. But the hour of desolation was at hand-the day of its decline was approaching. Commerce departed from its port, and sought a new road across the European Continent, whilst Cologne itself, bent in craven subserviency and menial subjection to the blighting despotism and withering tyranny of ecclesiastical bigotry, which on three consecutive occasions trampled out its prosperity, annihilated its commercial and social |