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Issue will be limited to 225 copies, small paper, 108. 6d. ; and 25 large-paper copies, 218. Prospectuses may be had from the EDITOR, The Heights, Rochdale. THE HE SIEGES of PONTEFRACT CASTLE, 1644-1648. With 18 Full-Page Plans or Illustrations, including a copy of every known Print, and some original Photographs. Demy 8vo. 436 pp. with 41 pages of Index. Price 188. post free. RICHARD HOLMES, Pontefract. Yew QUERIES:-Olympus-Goethe- Baddesley ClintonTrees, 267-Grandison-Cursham-Wisdom of Solomon'Hymn for Christmas Day'-" To join giblets"-Noll“Enter into thy closet"-Huggins-Where was the Plan of Revolution concerted ?-Sovereign and Half-sovereign-Harland-Poem Wanted - Passage from Cowper, 268 - Old Melody in 'Redgauntlet -Appenzell-Catherine Howard "Prevented from": "Firstly". -0. Morden Carrington Bowles-Authors Wanted, 269. REPLIES:-Manx Language, 270-Leonardo's Last Supper,' 271-Galileo, 272-Col. 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By way of introductory remark, the author first lays it down as an indisputable axiom that "nothing is more beneficiall than from the Genius of diverse Nations to be soe enformed as to know how to behave ourselves in different countries and what from every place to expect or feare." In this we cannot but agree with him, and I would that many of my fellow countrymen were of the same opinion, and would conduct themselves abroad as quietly as at home, to their own and to everybody else's advantage. The reader is invited at once to survey the world as from a tower, and look who are the inhabitants and masters of it. Africa is summarily dismissed, for "who but Merchants goe into Affrick?"; Persia is not recommended to our notice, because "the Persians are divided from us not only by impiety or superstition, but by a great distance of sea and land"; India, too, is only visited by merchants and sailors, except Lucanians; and China "doe abhorre all fellowship with forreyne Nations." As regards America, however, we learn that as farre as it is civillized at all it is possessed by the Spaniard onely; soe that none other besides themselves may with safety commence or traffique there. It is therefore expedient, or indeed lawfull for none but the Spaniard to know the dispositions of those people. But those parts of America where naked barbarisme abhorred by mankinde is used by the wild people whom noe lawes nor industrie had tempered, have beene diligently observed by some of our men who in hope of gaine have gone thither. The natures of those rude people are incapable of our civility. They account all strangers that arrive on their coasts as enemyes and ensnarers of their liberty, neither are those ignorant and savage mindes destitute of subtlity to impious acts, cruelty and treachery, instead of prudence and true fortitude, they often exercise." But leaving those nations which are either too far off or unknown, he treats severally of France, Brittaine, Germany, Italy, Spaine, Hungary, Polonia, Muscovia, and the other northern nations, and finally of Turkes and Jewes. Frenchmen he blames for their custom "of violently hazarding their lives in single duets upon sudden and rash quarrels," a foolish practice, and one which the lapse of years does not seem to have altered or destroyed. Of Brittaine there is a glowing account, for "there is not a fairer island in the whole world"; and we learn that the country is able to foster vines and to bring grapes to full ripeness, and that the pleasant and fruitful mountains of Kent and Hampshire, with other places situated in the south and east, had once vineyards, which, however, were subsequently the wine imported from Aquitaine. The German abandoned, partly on account of the cheapness of nation is infected with a wonderfull love of drinking, and the Germanes think there can bee noe entertainment soe pleasing to a stranger as a long and drunken banquet." Travellers in Italy would seem to have fared but badly, "for at their Innes being entertained with scarcie and sluttish provisions, their stomachs are divided betweene two contraries, loathing and hunger; besides the nastiness of their chambers, and lodgings annoyed by gnats and stinging flies of many kinds, they have grating Hosts, and high prices set upon bad entertainment." These discomforts were, however, somewhat counterbalanced by the opportunities of converse with multitudes of men of many nations. Of Spanish pride amusing anecdotes are narrated; and we are told that A "their mindes are subtill and fit for all things, nor are they so ignorant of what is in themselves as desirous to deceive others with a glosse of pompous words." In Russia wives lived in great bondage. stranger, it is narrated, married a Russian woman and loved her dearly, and "by all kindnesses sought to gaine mutuall affection from her." She, however, became sad and dejected, and did often |