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[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] Thorough Pulverization of the Soil.

As a general rule farmers are not yet fully awake to the importance of having the entire soil reduced to a fine powder. Hard lumps of earth, even when they are full of .ain-producing substances, are of but little more value in producing a crop than the same amount of stones. The roots of plants cannot enter hard lumps of earth, and before such lumps can be of any real benefit to plants, they must be broken down, mechanically, with some implement, or be dissolved by rain.

In order to appreciate the importance of thorough pulverization of the soil, we need to have a little spattering of the theory of "vegetable nutrition."

How do plants grow? How does the hard soil and dry manure become changed into plants of any kind? These are important questions which every farmer should understand well; and then he would be able to appreciate the importance of more complete and thorough pulverization of every kind of soil.

No soil or manure can promote the growth of a plantexcept mechanically—until after it has been dissolved by rain or water, and reduced to a liquid. Dry earth or dry manure cannot enter the roots of plants. Roots of grain, grass and trees feed upon nothing but liquid or fluid. When we apply bonedust to plants, rainwater must first dissolve the little fragments of bone, and carry them along where they will be taken up by the thousand mouths in the little roots of the plants. So with the hard soil, and hard lumps of earth, they must be reduced to a fine powder by some mechanical operation, and then the rain will dissolve the fine particles, thus forming a fluid, which is the food of plants.

When the soil is very lumpy the atmosphere has but a small surface, comparatively, to act upon; therefore plants grow slowly where the entire soil is one complete clod, or is little else but lumps.

These few thoughts lead us to discuss in a practical point of view,

The Philosophy of Plowing.

Were we to interrogate a thousand farmers, "Why do you plow ?" the answer would probably be, "For the purpose of rendering the soil more mellow and porous."

This is correct as far as it goes, but the chief object is to reduce the soil to its greatest degree of fineness, or comminution of particles, mechanically, so that the rain, or water applied by hand, may readily change the ele ments of fertility in the soil from a solid to a fluid, in which state only those elements are available as food for plants of any or every kind. Therefore by reducing the soil very fine, by some mechanical operation, such as plowing, its solidity is in a measure overcome or destroy ed, and the roots of plants find little hindrance in ramifying throughout the entire mass that has been broken up. And if the roots and little spongioles occupy the entire soil, the ten thousand mouths of these roots are ever open to drink in those substances, which will promote the growth of the plant. On the contrary, if a large proportion of the soil is in the form of lumps, or is turned over in furrow slices of one unbroken mass, the soil is not in the best, nor even in good condition to promote the growth of those plants that occupy it.

Now the idea is in plowing to use those plows that will break up the solidity of the soil most thoroughly and effectually. Turning the soil upside down, as if it were a huge slab of earth, does not accomplish the desired purpose, as its solidity is not destroyed, except in a very limited degree.

thorough and complete as it can be made with a common plow; whereas, if such soil be plowed when there is only a little too much moisture, or not quite enough, pulverization is only partially effected, and consequently it is not possible that the crop should be as great as it would be had the pulverization been more complete. These thoughts lead us to speak of

Fall Plowing as One of the Most Effectual Means for Thorough Pulverization. After a soil has been broken up, it soon commences to run together again, and to set, very much as mortar does, which has been made of lime and sand; and to assume a solid and almost organized form. In this process almost every particle of the soil that has been plowed is moved, more or less; and much of the soil is separated and moved several inches from those parts, with which it has long been in contact. This operation is effected by rain and sunshine. As a matter of course, this change in the position of the particles of the entire soil, does much towards securing thorough pulverization.

Frost-freezing and thawing of a soil, exerts a very imof all soils. But when a soil has been plowed several portant influence in securing the complete pulverization months before the time of frost, it becomes consolidated, and the frost will not exert half the influence, in its more thorough pulverization, that it would were it but recently plowed.

thorough pulverization is the chief object-will not be as For this reason, plowing early in autumn-where effectual as late plowing, or even plowing in the winter. It the rains and frosts of winter can be in operation, when a soil is running together, after it has been plowed, the pulverization will be more thorough and complete than it would be under any other circumstances. than this, the more complete the pulverization is, the longer that soil will remain mellow and porous; and consequently, the greater will be the available amount of fertilizing matter in that soil, which will promote the growth of crops.

And more

Thorough Pulverization Impracticable

without Under-Draining.

Where there is an excess of water in the soil, the parti cles run together so readily, and set, like mortar, that the most thorough comminution of the soil, by any mechanical process, will be of but little advantage to a crop, when compared with the benefits arising from the same pulverization, when there is just moisture enough to cause such soils to pulverize easily, and remain so for a long time.

There is little or no danger of rendering a clayey soil too dry by thorough underdraining, as it will retain by absorption all the moisture that is required for the healthy growth of plants, even directly above the drains. Therefore, if the superabundant moisture is removed in under drains, and our heavy soils plowed well, as they ought to be, late in autumn, and then plowed again the following spring, the pulverization with be most thorough and comtimes, to double the amount which they have been accusplete; and the crops of grain will be increased many tomed to produce.

The first step then towards thorough pulverization of draining. The second operation will be fall-plowing, folour heavy calcareous and aluminous soils, will be underlowed by plowing in the spring or summer, when there is just moisture enough in the soil to cause it to crumble well as it is plowed. And the third process will be, manuring.

All of these things combined will constitute a renovating system of agriculture; and will render the soil more productive from year to year, and at the same time will require less labor to cultivate a given crop.

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GOOD APPLE TREES.-The Maine Farmer says: "Long Every observing farmer knows that when calcareous experience has shown that an apple tree that stands near and aluminous soils are not too dry, nor too wet, if they an old wood-pile always grows thriftily and bears an abunare plowed with a kind of plow that leaves the furrow-dance of apples, as the fine slowly-decaying chip-dirt lice on its edge, the pulverization will be about as forms an excellent manure for apple and other fruit trees."

THE CULTIVATOR.

ALBANY, N. Y., NOVEMBER, 1862.

from the general attendance of its citizens themselves, as from the populous and prosperous country with which Rochester is surrounded. The rain is a far more formidable obstacle to city people on such an occasion than to Farmers, and on this account, as well as owing to the distance from the city at which the grounds were located, we may safely put down a large part of the success of the Fair, pecuniarily, to the credit of the thousands who went

→ There is little left us to add to the condensed but comprehensive notes of our associate, Mr. THOMAS, pub-thither from all parts of Monroe and the neighboring coun

lished in this number, as to the character and merits of our State Fair.

Taken as a whole, it would have been creditable in any year of national prosperity. Its main features were the display of SHEEP, bearing witness to the increased attention now devoted by our Farmers to this class of Stock, and that of FRUITS and FLOWERS, affording evidence not only of an abundant year, but also of increased horticultural taste and knowledge. But the exhibition of HORSES was also one seldom if ever excelled: Gov. SEWARD's Arabians, particularly the younger one which has for the past year been in charge of President Cornell, attracted great attention; and the several classes of Matched Horses were worthy of particular note. And the CATTLE, although scarcely a fair representation of the best herds in the State, in the most prominent breeds, were out in fair numbers, and would compare favorablywith but few exceptions-with the Society's previous Exhibitions. And when we consider the immense contest upon which the thoughts and interest of the whole State are centered, and the uncertainties which in the minds of many appear to have prevented the customary preparation for such an occasion,-the Show of last week can

hardly fail to prove a most welcome surprise, both to those who attended it, and to those who could not do so and who will here or elsewhere read the account of its really tri

umphant success.

For, superadded to the perplexities of the times, came the cloudy skies and almost continual rains of a regular "equinoctial." The weather record of something like forty years which had been consulted before appointing the time of the Fair, and which showed that the week decided on was the week of all others marked by the smallest rain-fall, proved false to us in the hour of our need, and the autumn storms, delayed during several weeks of most delightful weather, set in at last on Tuesday morning, with a north-east wind, which never shifted until just before the "clearing up shower" of Friday afternoon. Up to Wednesday night the receipts had been smaller than for the same period at any Fair for five years past, and there were no signs of improvement for the morrow. Thursday opened as gloomily as ever, with the chimney smoke sinking down over the eaves of the houses, instead of floating upward. But the number of those determined in any weather to be present, proved greater than we had dared to hope, and on that day the grounds must have been visited by more than thirty thousand people. The total receipts of the week were about $11,000.

ties, rather than, as has sometimes been the case, to any unusual influx of visitors not expressly concerned in the cultivation of the soil.

We therefore regard the pecuniary success of the Fair as peculiarly a matter of credit to the farmers of the State.

Nothing was heard from Rev. Dr. BRECKINRIDge of Kentucky, who was to deliver the Address, which affords conclusive proof that, if not captured by the rebel forces in that State, he has at least been cut off either from escape or communication beyond their lines.

DOVER POTATOES.-We are indebted to ALBION RAN

SOM, Esq., of this city, for a basket of Dover potatoes from his summer residence in Watervliet. They are of medium size, light red color, and nearly round, and of superior quality, coming from the oven or steamer nearly as dry and white as flour. Mr. Ransom informs us that he procured the seed at Newport, R. I., and that they yielded ninety-five barrels per acre last year.

New Yorker gives his mode of stacking and drying beans HARVESTING BEANS.-A correspondent of the Rural as follows:-"I use two stakes instead of one, seven or eight feet long and from one and a half to two inches through. Set them in the ground about two inches apart; put a withe on the stakes a foot or eighteen inches from

the ground; take a small handful of beans, and lay the

roots between the stakes, so far through that the tops will not reach the ground; then a bunch the other side in the same way. After this, the roots only should come between the stakes, and the roots of each bunch should be laid at right angles with those of the bunch preceding. When within a foot of the top of the stakes, put on another withe, drawing the stakes together to hug the roots closely, then fill up with beans, as before, to the top; then take two bunches of beans, tie the roots together and lay astride the top, and it is finished. Beans stacked in this way will never mold, as they often will when stacked around one stake. They should be stacked as soon as pulled, and always handled by the roots. When the stacks are thoroughly dry, they may be taken to the barn whole, pulling the stakes from the ground."

MANURING WHEAT.-In answer to the question, "What time ought soils for wheat to be manured ?" the Ohio Farmer says: "It is usually best, if a large supply of manure is applied, to manure the previous crop. By this means it is thoroughly incorporated with the soil, and has time to become well decomposed. If it is quite rotten, It is useless to discuss what "might have been," under it may be applied previously to the fall plowing; or, if it the favorable auspices of more propitious skies. But every is thought best, apply it to the surface after the plowing. probability goes to show that cool, bright, pleasant weather The wheat ought to have the advantage of the application would have filled the Society's treasury as it has never during its fall growth. If the roots are well set before been filled before, unless at Buffalo in 1857, and Albany winter, there is little danger from winter-killing, and the in 1859. In no other place, perhaps, could such a suc-plant, in spring, is ready to make a rapid growth. Heavy cession of forbidding days have been thus happily encoun- manuring of wheat at the time of sowing, with crude matered; and this not so much, we are inclined to think, nures, is not advisable."

dent, who may have been imposed upon by another, as we have recently known in some striking instances. We do not, however, pronounce this new grape an imposition, only we want more time, experience, and personal evidence.

Farther testimony is given in our last foreign mails versing a fine reputation. In no instance can we recomto the value of the Thorndale blood. "Another high-mend a new sort on the simple statement of a corresponand what is better still, a thoroughly honest-average has been added to Short-Horn history," says the Mark Lane Express, in opening its account of the sale of Mr. HALES' herd at North Frith, Sept. 24th. Mr. H. was the purchaser last year, it will be remembered, of the "4th Duke of Thorndale," sent to England by SAML. THORNE, Esq., at 400 guineas (say $2,000); and his wisdom in paying such a price has now been fully vindicated in the results of his own sale. The 4th Duke it seems, was started at 200 guineas, and ran up rapidly, between the bids of Capt. Gunter and Lord Exeter's agent, until he was finally knocked down to the latter at four hundred and tenor Philosophy of Farming," in an octavo volume of 700 guineas-in other words, Mr. Hales has had more than a year's use of the bull, and disposes of him now for $50 more than he paid Mr. THORNE in 1861.

There were also sold at the same time several calves sired by "4th Duke," as follows:

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Here are nine calves, the average age of which on the day of sale, according to our computation, was only 2 months 25 days, sold at an average price only a small fraction less than 50 guineas each, or very nearly $250. There were 22 head of other females sold-including young and old, and all but four of them calved in 1860 or previously-which brought an average price per head of about 56 guineas-one of them, "Moss Rose," by Marmaduke out of Cambridge Rose 6th, going for 245 guineas. Excluding her the average for the other 21 is lower than that for the four young heifers sired by "4th Duke." Of the bulls, beside 4th Duke and his five calves, there were four sold at an average of 43 guineas each. But in referring to the prices at which the cows were sold, it should have been remarked that 14 of them had been served by "4th Duke," which would of course have added considerably to the prices they commanded.

THE REV. DR. BRECKENRIDGE of Kentucky, who was to have delivered the Address at our State Fair, but from whom nothing was heard, and who, it was feared, had been carried off by the rebels, is now said to be safe at or near his own home in Danville, the rebels who have possession of that part of Kentucky having protected him from harm.

NEW WORK.-Mr. J. F. WOLFINGER of Milton, Penn., who has recently delivered a course of lectures on agricultural matters at the Pennsylvania Ag. College, to the great gratification of the students, as we learn from one of them, proposes to issue a work entitled "The Science

pages. Dr. PUGH, in a note which has been sent us, says that from his examination of the manuscript and from hearing the lectures above alluded to, he is prepared to say that "Mr. W. has succeeded in bringing together, into compact form, a very large amount of valuable practical and scientific matter in relation to the subject of Agriculture. It is treated of in a manner adapted to the education of the farmer and practical man, and as such recommends itself to all those devoted to Agricultural pursuits."

We regret to learn that our old friend, H. P. BYRAM, for many years editor of the "Valley Farmer," and who has for some years past spent his summers at SagHarbor, L. I., was so severely wounded by the bursting of one of Gen. James' projectiles during an experimental trial of them at Sag-Harbor last week, as to render the amputation of one of his legs necessary. At the same time Gen. James was so severely wounded as to cause his death the next morning.

LARGE PEAR.-We have received from the Rev. Dr. WELCH, a Duchesse d'Angouleme Pear, grown on his fine place at Newtonville, which weighs one pound and three ounces.

MAINE POMOLOGICAL AND HORT. SOCIETY.-The Annual Meeting of this Society was held in Augusta, Oct. 7, when the following officers were elected: President, C. Spaulding; Vice Presidents, one from each county in the State, as follows: R. Martin, J. P. Perley, R. Eaton, J. C. Weston, John Rogers, G. H. Freeman, S. F. Dike, S. W. Colburn, W. D. Dana, Sidney Perham, C. Chamberlain, Horace McKenny, S. Wasson, H. Russ, Wm. Wilson; Recording Secretary, Samuel Titcomb; Corresponding Secretary, J. M. Meserve; Trustees, Warren Percival, N. Foster, E. Rowell; Committee on Fruits, S. L. Goodale, F. Wingate, D. A. Fairbanks, Alden Rice, Albert superior quality. Noyes. The display of fruit was small in extent, but of

A NEW GRAPE.-A correspondent in Columbia county furnishes an account of a new seedling from the Rebecca -which he says bore forty bunches of excellent blue grapes, the second year, and now grows with extraordinary vigor and bears abundantly, the fruit possessing qualities of the highest character. We can only repeat in relation to this grape, what we have had to do in the case of other fruits, claimed to be new and of great merit, but which we have never seen-that the rules of Pomology require at least two years careful examination of any new fruit, by competent pomologists, before it is worthy of recommendation-to which we may add that several years more, with experience in different localities, are generally required to test its value, such experience often quite re.ling buck for three hundred dollars.

We learn from JOHN HAROLD, Esq., Secretary and Treasurer of the Queens Co. Ag. Society, that their late Fair was a decided success, the receipts being about $4000, which would be good in times of peace, but eminently so in war. Nearly all the Fruits and vegetables were donated to the Soldiers' Hospital in Lexington Avenue, N. Y., and were joyfully received.

HIGH PRICES FOR SHEEP.-The Middlebury (Vt.) Register informs us that S. W. Remelee of New Haven, stock buck for $500. Also that Mr. John L. Buttolph of recently sold to H. Hemenway of Whitewater, Wis., his Middlebury, sold to Mr. Sweet of Hoosick, N. Y., a year

ENGRAVING OF THE FAIR GROUNDS.-We publish on page 253, a sketch of the State Fair Grounds at Rochester, engraved for the Rural New-Yorker, for the use of which we are indebted to brother MOORE. If it is anywhere deficient, it is in not showing the presence of a larger crowd; but it gives a tolerably correct idea of the location of the buildings as already described in our columns.

Mr. MOORE has the following just remarks upon the success of the Fair, all of which we fully endorse :

Inquiries and Answers.

PLANTING MAPLE SEED.-I have a question to ask-when is the proper time to plant maple seed? KANSAS. [Plant moss or muck, till spring-or keep the seed in slightly moist in autumn on light dry soil, and cover the surface with leaves, peat through winter and plant in spring. They will grow best treated in this way, but usually many will grow planted in spring without this care.]

PEAR SEED.-What quantity of pear seed is necessary to plant an acre-the rows two and a half feet apart, and the seed economically used? The soil is a deep rich loam-the condition and preparation as good as can be made. Would fall or spring planting be preferable? If the latter, how should the seed be prepared, and at what time put into the ground? 1. N. 8. There would be nearly half a million seed in a bushel-an acre would have about 1,000 rods of rows-the seed, if all good, might be sown at the rate of 20 to a foot (and thicker, as a portion is defective) or 3 or 400 per rod-hence it will be seen that a bushel would about plant an acre, if the seed were all good and grew well. But in common practice, many seed are imperfect or defective; many ing up-two or three bushels, therefore, would not be too do not grow; and many plants dwindle and perish after commuch for good seed. For bad ones, we can make no estimate.]

THE STATE FAIR.-The sun was visible but a few hours from Tuesday morning until the close of the Fair on Friday, and more or less rain fell on every day of the exhibition. And yet the Fair was a grand success-an unparalleled triumph in all respects, considering the unfavorable weather and condition of the country. The result is the more gratifying from the fact that many had predicted a failure, even with fair weather, and had seriously urged a postponement. Under the circumstances the Agricultural Society and people of the Empire State may well send cordial greeting to brother Producers and Unionists of the Loyal States, and also cite Secessionists everywhere to the ROOT CELLARS ABOVE GROUND.-I notice all kinds of result-as evidence that New-York can not only do its full plans for houses, barns, etc., but none for root houses, or celshare towards suppressing rebellion, but also exhibit un-lars above ground. A reliable cheap plan, safe against any diminished zeal and energy in maintaining and advancing her home interests. Had the weather been favorable we doubt not the Fair would have proved the most successful in every respect, ever held in the State-and that is equivalent to saying in the Union.

cold winters, would be desirable in this region, and probably many parts of the west. We have very few hills and the soil in this locality is of such a nature that unless a cellar is drained, it is sure to have water in it in spring. J. H. O. Wisconsin. [Root cellars may be easily made above ground, that will afford sufficient protection to roots through winterthe requisites being thick, non-conducting walls and roof. NEW-YORK COUNTY FAIRS.-In Warren county, the These walls may be made of different materials, according Fair is declared to have been a 66 'success," the attendance to circumstances. When lumber is abundant, posts may be being large and the show respectable.set, enclosing the space desired for the roots, and another The Montgome- parallel row to form a double wall. If straw or forest leaves ry Fair was held at Fonda, and the interest in it was less are used for filling in, the space should be two feet-if sawthan on former occasions.- -The Fair of the Susquehan- dust or chaff is used, one foot will do. Board up these posts, na Valley Society at Unadilla, was well attended, the ex- forest leaves, &c. A sloping or double roof should be made and ram in dry straw, (if chopped it will be better,) dry hibition good, and the officers and public well satisfied.on rafters with boards, and second rafters placed a foot and In Orleans county the Fair is said to have been one of the a half or two feet above. Then fill in between them with best ever held in the county.In Queens all depart-straw or leaves. If chaff is used, the space need not be so great as for straw; and if the leaves are dry and smoothly ments of the exhibition were well filled, and the result placed, a foot thickness will do, as they form layers or strata, highly gratifying to all concerned.In Ontario, the ex-with thin enclosed plates of air, and are very good non-conhibition proved more successful than was anticipated, the show of stock of all kinds, though not as large as on some previous occasions, being of superior quality. The receipts were about $850.-In Essex the entries were less numerous than in former years, though the quality of the articles was deemed superior to any former occasion.In Delaware, the Fair seems to have been well attended, and to been about as satisfactory as usual.The County Fair in Cattaraugus, as we were informed by a friend, not only paid all its premiums and expenses, but also reduced considerably the debt of the Society incurred in previous years.- -Another friend tells us that the same is true of the Allegany County Fair.-The Duchess County Society appear to have met with the usual degree of success, judging from the list of prizes awarded.

ductors of heat (or cold.) Then cover the whole with a board roof, to throw off the water, and the building is complete. A door, made double and similarly stuffed, admits the roots. When lumber is scarce, build a double log structure, and fill in the space as before-or if the stuffing should be scarce, build a single wall, and bank up heavily with turf or earth. The roof may be made of poles instead of boards, laid closely enough to hold the leaves or straw; but The bottom should be made of poles, a foot from the ground, the water soaking in, will soon rot it, and it must be renewed. so as to admit ventilation from below, to keep the roots dry, allow air to circulate among them, and to allow the soil from them to fall through between them. There are many modifications that might be made; but the main essentials are to be preserved, viz., to allow the warmth to pass up from the earth below, and to shut out cold from the sides, but more especially from the roof.]

SOILING CATTLE.-I should like to see published in your valuable paper, a treatise on soiling cattle-the kind of crops used, time to sow, the proper succession, in order to have at all times a plentiful supply of green food-the number of DEATHS.—Mr. WILLIAM REID, the well-known nursery-cattle kept upon a certain quantity of land, the manner of

man of Elizabeth, N. J., died at his residence in that city, after a brief illness on the 3d inst., aged 58 years. Mr. Reid had an extensive acquaintance among horticulturists throughout the country, by whom he was highly esteemed for his genial temper, intelligence and integrity, and who will deeply sympathize with his afflicted family.

The Hon. ADAM FURGUSON of Canada West, alike distinguished as an agriculturist and politician, died recently of apoplexy. Mr. F. was formerly a regular attendant at our State Fairs, and was held in high esteem by all who made his acquaintance.

miliar with the practice would be acceptable to many. feeding, &c., &c. I think a communication from persons faH. C. D.

Applebachville, Bucks Co., Pa.

BEES-I should feel much indebted, if through the me dium of your valuable journal, I could be informed as to the best mode of smothering bees. The way in which I did it formerly, was to dig a small hole in the ground, large enough to place a tin plate, upon which I put a piece of tinder sprinkled over with some dry sulphur, set fire to it, and then placed the hive over it. But the difficulty about this operation, is the want of ventilation, causing the fire to quench before the bees are stupefied. A SUBSCRIBER. New Bruns so as to raise it an inch or so from the ground, the difficulty wick. [By putting sticks under the corners of the hive would probably be obviated.]

CLEAN CELLARS.

If we were asked, which should be the finest apartment in the house, we should probably answer, "Not the parlor, not the drawing room, but the cellar." There are two reasons for this answer. First, a bad, dirty cellar appears to combine the idea of all that is repulsive-damp, offensive, musty, putrid air-rotten apples, rotten cabbages, rotten potatoes, rotten boards-the effluvia creeping through every open window and open door, and through the cracks of every closed window and closed door, into all parts of the house-into the kitchen, into parlor and dining room, into sleeping apartments,-and laying the foundation of sickness and fevers. Secondly, a neat, well lighted, marble-floored, whitewashed cellar, combines a good deal that is pleasant. One room may have in it a supply of sweet butter and milk, and in another excellent apples and delicious melting pears; the food that is placed on every table is known to come from this model cellar, where every thing is pure and clean.

Does some one now say, "I can't afford to make such an expensive cellar!" We reply it need not be expensive. The walls are already built-give them a smooth neat plastering, and then a handsome whitewashing. Have new windows put in if necessary, and keep them washed, bright and clean, with an iron-rod grate in the window frame, or.wire netting, to exclude intruders when the windows are open. Cover the floor with

all the better. Much hotter than this the temper might be injured if of steel. Put on as thin a coat as practicable to prevent waste, and rub with a cloth. All polished metal, when examined with a microscope, is found to be covered with scratches and furrows, and it is these furrows that retain the mixture and preserve the coating securely until used again.

PICKLING ONIONS, &c.

Please give me a recipe for pickling onions and red cabbage, and oblige A SUBSCRIBER. Wash. Co., Ill. Not knowing how to make pickles, we applied to a notable housewife, who says, "for pickling red cabbage, cut it up and pour over it boiling hot vinegar which has been seasoned with salt and pepper." On inquiring what proportion of vinegar, and of salt and pepper, she replied, “enough vinegar to cover it, and any woman will know how much salt and pepper will be enough to season it "—from which we infer that the quantity must be guessed at. To pickle onions, Beecher says, "peel, and boil in milk and water ten minutes, drain off the milk and water, and pour scalding spiced vinegar upon them."

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MALE OR FEMALE AGENTS TO SELL LLOYD'S NEW STEEL PLATE COUNTY COLORED

water-lime cement-first thickly and coarsely with a grout MAP OF THE UNITED STATES,

made of water-lime and coarse gravel, and then with a smooth polished finish of water-lime and clean washed sand. The whole cost of the plastering of the walls, the whitewashing of the same, the new windows, and of the marble floor, need not be forty dollars for a moderate sized farm-house. Save this sum by reducing the use of tea, sugar, coffee, omitting the plating on that new harness and carriage, and discarding all tobacco. If there should be any surplus, get a neat set of apple shelves made, standing on scantling legs, one shelf above another, so that one can pass all around them, and have them all neatly painted; and also procure a set of potato boxes or bins, with covers to exclude light, and have these all planed and painted.

CANADAS & NEW-BRUNSWICK, From recent surveys, completed August 10, 1862; cost $20,000 to engrave it and one year's time.

at the low price of fifty cents; 370,000 names are engraved on this map.

Superior to any $10 map ever made by Colton or Mitchell, and sells

It is not only a County Map, but it is also a

County and Railroad Map

of the United States and Canadas combineded in one, giving EVERY RAILROAD STATION, and distances between them.

Guarantee any women or man $3 to $5 per day, and will take back all maps that cannot be sold and refund the money. Send for $1 worth to try.

Printed instructions how to canvass well, furnished all our agents. WANTED.-Wholesale agents for our Maps in every State, California, Canada, England, France and Cuba. A fortune may be madǝ with a few hundred dollars capital. No COMPETITION.

J. T. LLOYD, No, 164 Broadway, New-York.

It is a good time of year, now, to get the cement floor made, and whether it is made or not, it is absolutely essential that every dirty cellar be now thoroughly cleaned out before storing any of the new crop of fruits and vegetables; and in cleaning out, if the work is not thoroughly done, it may be best to sprinkle over it occasionally until it is well purified, a pound or two of chloride of lime, as a smell-destroyer and LLOYD'S TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP

disinfectant.

PRESERVING TOOLS FROM RUST.

The War Department uses our Map of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, cost $100,000, on which is marked Antietam Creek, Sharpsburgh, Maryland Hights, Williamsport Ferry, Rhorersville, Noland's Ford, and all others on the Potomac, and every other place in Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, or money refunded.

OF KENTUCKY, OHIO, INDIANA AND ILLINOIS, is the only authority for General Buell and the War Department. Money refunded to any one finding an error in it. Price 50 cents. [From the Tribune, Aug. 2.]

"LLOYD'S MAP OF VIRGINIA. MARYLAND AND PENNSYL

THE BEST WHICH CAN BE PURCHASED."

LLOYD'S GREAT MAP OP THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.-From Pilots, of St. Louis, Mo., shows every man's plantation and owner's Actual Surveys by Captains Bart and Wm. Bowen. Mississippi River name from St. Louis to the Gulf of Mexico-1.350 miles-every sandbar. island, town, landing, and all places 20 miles back from the river-colored in counties and States. Price. $1 in sheets; $2 pocke form, and $2.50 on linen with rollers. Ready Sept. 20.

NAVY DEPARTMENT. WASHINGTON. Sept. 17, 1862. J. T. LLOYD-Sir: Send me your Map of the Mississippi River, with price per hundred copes. Rear-Admiral Charles H. Davis, commanding the Mississippi squadron, is authorized to purchase as many as are required for the use of that squadron. GIDEON

Oct. 9-w3t-m3t.

No farm tool or implement, any part of which is of rubbed or polished iron, should be put away without first thoroughly VANIA.-This Map is very large: its cost is but 25 cents, and IT IS cleaning. It will not only last longer when kept clean and bright, but will be more convenient and efficient in using. A hoe or a spade cast aside covered with earth, will become rusted, and be scarcely fit to use. The mould-board of a plow should be always bright. To leave one in the furrow, exposed to the weather, and where it will inevitably become covered with a thick coat of rust, is a miserable practice But in damp climates or damp seasons of the year bright tools will sometimes become rusted after housing. In such cases a coating of some suitable substance should be rubbed over them, if laid aside for any length of time. A good and cheap coating for this purpose is grafting wax, softened by an admixture of an equal part or more of lard. Beeswax is good, but rather too hard and too expensive. Add to it four times as much lard and twice as much rosin, and the mixture will be a good one. Or, three parts of lard and one of rosin, will answer a good purpose. The lard should of course be fresh, any portion of salt attracting moisture. The mixture should be melted; and if the tool could be heated as hot as boiling water,

THE

OPORTO.

WELLES, Secretary of the Navy.

This First Premium Wine Grape

has been thoroughly tested in Lat. 439 for

20 years by many cultivators and found to be hardy, vigorous and productive; it makes a high colored Agents wanted. For liberal rich wine. Strong vines sent by mail for 50 cts. each, Large deduction by the quantity. From $5 to $100 may be made by any local agent without leaving his terms, and wholesale and retail Catalogues of the Lyons Nurseries, ad

home.

dress

E. WARE SYLVESTER, Lyons N Y. Oct. 9-w2t-mit.

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