written or printed over it is not authorized by the signer, the forgery may be complete; or if the instrument be changed without authority, after it has been executed, such change may constitute a forgery.

The forging of instruments, or records, designed to affect the legal rights of others, with intent to defraud or injure any person, subjects the offender, on conviction, to imprisonment in the State Prison not more than fourteen years, or in the county jail not more than one year, depending upon the character of the instrument forged, and the circumstances surrounding the particular case.

The uttering or publishing of forged instruments is punishable the same as for the forgery.

If any person shall have in his possession at the same time, ten or more similar false, altered, forged, or counterfeit notes, bills of credit, bank bills, or notes, payable to the bearer thereof, or to the order of any person, knowing the same to be false, altered or counterfeit, with intent to uttter the same as true, and to injure and defraud, he shall be punished by imprisonment in the State Prison not more than seven years, or in the county jail not more than one year.

Every person is liable to be punished by imprisonment in the State Prison not more than ten years, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars and imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year, who shall engrave make, or mend, any instrument, or shall provide any material adapted or designed for the forging of notes, certificates, or other bills of credit, or the like, as specified in Chapter 246 of the Compiled Laws of Michigan of 1871, or who shall have such plates, or materials in his possession, with intent to use the same, or to permit them to be used in effecting such forgery.

Counterfeiting gold or silver coin, or having five or more

pieces of false money, or coin, knowing the same to be counterfeit, and with intent to utter or pass the same as true, shall be punished by imprisonment in the State Prison for life, or for any number of years.

Any person having in his possession any number of pieces less than five, of counterfeit coin, knowing the same to be counterfeit, with intent to pass the same as true, or passing, or offering to pass, any such coin, subjects the offender, on conviction, to punishment in the State Prison, not more than ten years, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.

The making, or knowingly having in one's possession, tools for making counterfeit money, with the intent to use them, or to permit them to be used or employed in coining or making counterfeit money, subjects the offender, on conviction, to punishment in the State Prison not more than ten years, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year.

Questions. What is forgery? What is the penalty for forgery? What is meant by the uttering or publishing of forged instruments? The penalty? What of having in one's possession forged notes, bark bills, &c.? What provision is made with reference to making or mending implements for making counterfeit bills, &c.? Of the law as to persons who have the possession of such tools? What is the law with reference to the counterfeiting of coin? Of having counterfeit coin in one's possession? What is said of the possession or manufacture of tools for counterfeiting?

CHAPTER LVII.

OF OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE.—PERJURY.

BRIBERYESCAPES OF PRISONERS.-DUTIES OF OFFICERS AND OTHERS IN ARRESTING OFFENDERS.

If any person authorized by the statute of this State to take an oath, or if any person of whom an oath shall be required by law, shall willfully swear falsely in regard to any matter or thing respecting which such oath is authorized or required, such person shall be deemed guilty of perjury.

The punishment for perjury, if committed on the trial of treason against the State, is imprisonment in the State Prison for life, or any term of years, and if committed in any other case, by imprisonment in the State Prison not more than fifteen years.

Persons who procure others to commit perjury are subject to the same penalty as those who commit perjury. If any person shall attempt, though unsuccessful, to induce a person to commit perjury, he shall be punished by imprisonment in the State Prison not more than five years, or imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year.

To give, or to offer to any Legislative, Judicial, or Executive officer any gift or gratuity, with intent to influence his official action, vote, or opinion, subjects the offender to imprisonment in the State Prison not more than five years, or by fine not exceeding three thousand dollars and imprisonment in the county jail, not more than one year.

To accept a bribe, by such officers, with the understanding that his vote, decision, or opinion, shall be given in a par

ticular manner, or upon a particular side of a question, subjects the offender to imprisonment in the State Prison not more than ten years, or by fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, and imprisonment in the County Jail not more than one year.

The giving, offering to, or taking bribes, by jurors or others, not included in the preceding paragraphs, who act in an official capacity, is punishable by imprisonment in the State Prison not exceeding five years, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the County Jail not more than one year.

Aiding persons lawfully imprisoned, or in custody, to escape, subjects the offender to severe punishment, depending upon the nature of the offence with which the prisoner is charged, and the manner in which such assistance is rendered. This punishment varies, and may be a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, imprisonment in the County Jail, not exceeding one year, and in some cases, imprisonment in the State Prison not exceeding seven years.

Jailors and others, having the lawful custody of prisoners, are liable for voluntarily, or negligently, permitting them to escape. If the act is willful, the officer is liable to suffer the like punishment as the person he permits to escape.

Officers required to arrest offenders, or to serve any process, are subject to severe penalties and even imprisonment, in some cases, for two years in the county jail, for refusing to make such arrest or serve such process. Sheriffs, Coroners, and Constables have a right to call upon any person or persons to assist them in the execution of their office, in any criminal case, or in the preservation of the peace, or the arresting of any person for a breach of the peace, or in case of escape of persons arrested upon civil process; and to refuse such assistance, subjects the offender, on conviction, to

imprisonment in the county jail not more than six months, or by fine not exceeding one hundred dollars. The same penalty may be incurred by refusing to obey a Justice of the Peace, who may order the arrest of persons guilty of a breach of the peace.

Questions. What is perjury, under the statutes of Michigan? What is the penalty? What is said of procuring, or attempting to procure others to commit perjury? What is the law in relation to bribery? In relation to aiding prisoners to escape? Permitting them to escape? How may officers be punished for refusing to discharge certain duties? What right have certain officers to assistance? What is the penalty for a refusal to render such assistance, or to obey the order of a Justice of the Peace in relation to the arrest of disturbers of the peace?