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organized States of the Union, and distinguishing the former from the newly acquired Territories, and the portions thereof situated north and south of the parallel of 38 degrees 30 minutes north latitude, is compiled from the table in the appendix to the report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, recently published:

FORMER TERRITORIES EAST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.

North-west Territory west of the Mississippi river-bounded on the north by 49 deg. north latitude, east by the Mississippi river, south by the State of Ohio and the Platte river, and west by the Rocky Mountains, (all north of parallel 36 deg. 30 min.) 723,248 square miles, or acres 462,878,702 Wisconsin Territory-Balance remaining of the old Northwest Territory, east of the Mississippi river, and northwest of the State of Wisconsin, (north of 36 deg. 30 min.) 22,336 square miles, or

Indian Territory-situated west of the States of Missouri and Arkansas, and south of the Platte or Nebraska river, held and apportioned in part for Indian purposes, (north of 36 deg. 30 min.) 190,505 square miles, and 121,923,200 acres-south of 36 deg. 30 min., (58,346 square miles, and 37,341,440 acres,) 248,851 square miles,

Total of the old Territory, 994,445 square miles,

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14,295,040

150,240,646

536,438,400

NEWLY ACQUIRED TERRITORY WEST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.

Oregon Territory-bounded on the north by the parallel of 49 deg. north latitude, south by the parallel of 42 deg. north latitude, east by the Rocky Mountains, and west by the Pacific Ocean, (all north of 36 deg. 30 min.) 341,463 square miles, or 218,536,320 Upper California and New Mexico-bounded on the north by the parallel 42 deg. north latitude, east by the Rio Grande from its source to the parallel 42 deg. north latitude, south by the Gila river, from its source to the mouth; thence by a line to a point one marine league north from the southernmost point of San Diego, and west by the Pacific Ocean, (north of 36 deg. 30 min., 321,694 square miles, and 205,884,800 acres, south of 36 deg. 30 min., 204,833 square miles, and 130,805,130 acres,) 526,078 square miles, or

336,689,920

555,226,240

1,191,664,640

64,640

Total of new territory, 867,741 square miles,
Making together, of former and newly acquired territory,
1,861,976 square miles, or

Texas, including the three divisions, viz:-Texas proper, the
country between the Nueces and the Rio Grande, and
the Santa Fe country, (north of 36 deg. 30 min., 43,537

square miles, 27,863,680 acres-south of 36 deg 30 min., 281,983 square miles, and 180,459,120 acres,) 321,520 square miles, or

208,332,800

Grand total of the territories of the United States, including

Texas, 2,187,490 square miles, or

1,399,997,440

Newly acquired territory lying north of 36 deg. 30 min.,

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Newly acquired territory lying south of 36 deg. 30 min.,

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The following statement of the length of the sea coast of the United States, is compiled from the report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office at Washington:

From the northern limits of the United States to the Cape of Flor-
ida, on the Atlantic Ocean,
From the Cape of Florida to the mouth of the Rio Grande, on the
Gulf of Mexico,

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Miles.

1,900

1,600

From the boundary point one league south of the Port of San Diego, on the Pacific, along the coast of Oregon and the Straits of Fuca to the boundary point of 49 deg. north latitude, 1,620 Making together the length of sea coast on the Atlantic, Gulf and

Pacific,

Or a "short line" following the irregularities of the shore and sea islands, according to an estimate of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey, of

THE SALT SPRINGS OF NEW YORK.

5,120

33,063

The whole quantity of salt manufactured and inspected in the city of Syracuse, and the villages of Liverpool and Geddes in the year ending December 31, 1850, is as follows:

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The whole amount of revenue received by the Superintendent,

during the year, is as follows:

Duties on 4,268,919 bushels of salt, at 1 cent per bushel

Received for rents

Recording leases

Penalties, old logs, &c.

$42,689 19

103 00 2.00 30 00

Total revenue from all sources

$42,824 19

There is due the State, for penalties, rents, and property sold

$160 00

Likewise a judgment obtained Dec. 26, 1850, against the estate of John Jacob Mang, for property sold pursuant to act of 1829

1,200 00

Of the money received, there has been deposited to the credit of the State Treasurer, in the Bank of Salina

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$28,245 43

Deposited in Onondaga County Bank, for duties.
Paid bounty on salt, (chap. 184, art. 3, sec. 2, Laws of 1843)

14,413 62

30 14

Deposited for rents, penalties, property sold, &c.

$42,689 19

135 00

Total amount of deposits from all sources, including bounty, paid on salt, as above

$42,824 19

The quantity of salt inspected during the past year, as compared with the year previous, shows a diminution of 814,450 bushels.

The principal cause may be attributed to the unusually large amount manufactured the previous year. The markets on the lakes being overstocked, required but little, until the first of August; and the importation of foreign salt for the year 1849 exceeded that of any former year by 397,978 bushels.

During a period of twenty years, there have been manufactured at the Onondaga salt springs 59,685,228 bushels of salt, on which the sum of $3,005,222 25, in duties, has been collected, and paid into the treasury of the State; a sum over all expenses incurred by the sinking of wells, erecting buildings, machinery, paying officers' salaries, &c., of about $2,467,022 10.

The Superintendent contradicts, in his report, the rumor that the salt springs are failing.

BUTTER.

We have, in the eighth report of the American Institute of the city of New York, a valuable article on butter, prepared, as we understand, by General Chandler, the superintendent. One hundred parts of cream, he says, contain four-and-a-half of butter, and three-and-a-half of curd. This curd must be wholly separated from the butter, or it will not keep.-The best way to do this probably is by washing it out with cold water. This operation is said to be much facilitated by mixing with the butter, when it comes from the churn, about two table-spoonsful of salt and one ounce of clean sugar to twelve pounds of butter. This seems to dissolve the curd and renders its expression more easy, and, besides, improves the flavor of the article.

The following were the prices of butter, at various periods, at the Greenwich Hospital in England, as given by McCulloch: 10 cents per lb.

In 1782,
In 1790,

In 1806,

In 1812,

In 1817, declined to.

In 1823, further to

In 1827, advanced to

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17

66

In 1832, Assuming the population of the United States as twenty-two millions, and that each person consumes half a pound per week, the annual consumption will be five hundred and seventy-two millions of pounds; which at fourteen cents a pound, are worth upwards of eighty millions of dollars. The average produce, per cow, of butter, has been estimated at one hundred and sixtyeight pounds per annum; therefore, 3,405,000 cows would be required to produce that amount of butter.

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Though butter is not a profitable product in the vicinity of cities and large populations, where milk can readily be sold, yet it may be doubtless rendered much more lucrative by a more perfect preparation, so that its sweetness may be long preserved after transportation. Such butter may be always sold with no trouble at fair prices. But the great majority of the article brought to market is good for little when first made, or becomes soon rancid, and consequently of much inferior value, from negligence in curing.

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The operation of making butter is more delicate than is commonly supposed. The churning requires a pure atmosphere: any taint on which will be sure to injure the butter, even for immediate use, and it will not keep long. The utmost cleanliness, therefore, should be observed in every part of the process. have already remarked that the curd should be pressed completely out; we now observe that only the purest rock salt should be used. Kegs made to contain twenty or twenty-five pounds, of well-seasoned white oak, strongly hooped, are recommended to pack the butter in. Before using them the kegs should be scalded and saturated with a strong pickle of rock salt. Kegs of butter thus prepared and headed up are to be packed in tierces of convenient size, also to be made of white oak, well hooped. Fill these tierces with a strong pickle of the same sort, and they are ready for transportation. Butter thus put up here, we understand has been opened in California as sweet as when it left our shores.

AMERICAN TEA.

Mr. Junius Smith, of Greenville, South Carolina, as we have noticed in one of our former volumes, has been engaged for some time in experimenting upon the Tea Plant, with the view of introducing it into this country. The result has, after many disappointments, proved most promising. It was at first almost impossible to secure the transmission of the Tea Nut from Asia in a sound state; but this difficulty was finally overcome. The plant buds and blossoms here at the same time that it does in Asia. As regards the Tea nut, he says:

"The Tea seed, as generally denominated, is of the size and color of a hazel nut. An average sized nut equals in weight eight cotton seeds. The bulk of a full sized Tea nut is, in circumference, 24 inches, of a middle sized nut 14 inches, average perhaps 1 inches. Like all nuts, it contains an oily kernel, covered with a shell, thicker than that of a cotton seed, but rather thinner than that of a hazel nut. The public mind is mis

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