POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.

It would perhaps be more in accordance with the plan of our work to defer to the next volume, the whole subject of the census of 1850, the full returns of which have not come to hand. We usually feel disposed to avoid partial and incomplete estimates; but in this instance, although nothing can be said to be entirely finished, we have some data that can be relied on,-some statements that will prove interesting and valuable for present reference. We have, therefore, prepared tables of the population of the States and Territories, showing the population of 1840 and that of 1850, so far as it is now ascertained-together with the number of slaves in each State.

For more detailed statements of the population of the several States up to the year 1840, we refer to Vol. 1, pp. 107-109, of the Register.

In the next volume we hope to be able to publish the operations of the census officers in a perfect shape, and to give to our readers accurate and complete tables of the population and statistics of every State, territory and principal city in the Union.

ABSTRACTS FROM FORMER CENSUS RETURNS.

The population of the United States, was—

In 1790,

1800,

1810,

The population by States in 1840, was as follows:

New Hampshire,

Vermont,

From statements gathered from the Washington papers and official data we have framed the following table. It is believed to be a close approximation. Some of the figures are entirely

197,500

According to these returns and estimates the population of the States and Territories will nearly or quite amount to 23,300,000, showing an increase of more than six millions within the last

ten years.

At this rate of increase, the future censuses must show the following results:

THE REPRESENTATIVE POPULATION.

In ascertaining the population on which the representation to the lower house of Congress is based, according to the constitu

ion, only three-fifths of the slaves are to be calculated. The law of May 23, 1850, determines the number of representatives at 232, for the purpose of fixing the ratio of representation for the next ten years. This ratio will probably be between 93 and 95,000, and as a part of the number of representatives must necessarily be taken from fractions, those States having the largest fractions will be the gainers. The National Intelligencer makes the following remarks on this subject:

The States entitled to Representatives for such fractions will most probably be Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Indiana, Maryland, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, and Kentucky-11.

The States which gain, irrespective of the fraction, will be Pennsylvania 1, Illinois 2, Mississippi 1, Michigan 1, Mis

souri 1-6

The States which gain, in all, are as follows, viz: Arkansas 1, Indiana 1, Illinois 2, Massachusetts 1, Mississippi 1, Michigan 1, Missouri 2, Pennsylvania 1-10.

The following States lose, viz: Maine 1, New Hampshire 1, New York 1, North Carolina 1, South Carolina 2, Vermont 1, Virginia 2, Rhode Island 1-10.

The free States gain six members and lose four. The slave States gain four and lose six.

THE CENSUS RETURNS.

The schedule prepared by the marshals as far as received are very complete, and contain information of the most interesting and valuable kind.

The first schedule relates to the living population, and includes an account of the number of dwellings, the number of families, the number of marriages within the year, the age, sex, and color of each person, the birth-place of each, their profession, occupation, or trade; the value of real estate owned, the number over twenty-one years of age who cannot read or write, together with a particular history of each individual who may be found deaf and dumb, blind, insane, or idiotic, pauper or criminal. The statistics relating to crime and pauperism are ample.

The second schedule relates to the slave population, giving a particular description of each slave, as to age, color, and sex, the number manumitted, the number absconded, and the criminal statistics relative to that portion of our population.

The third schedule gives a list of the persons who have died between the 1st day of June, 1849, and the 1st day of June 1850 --so arranged as to show the ages, sex, color, and condition, with disease, number of days sick, and period of death.

Schedule four relates to agriculture, and is full in its investigations with reference to the details connected with this great interest of American enterprise.

Schedule five relates to manufactures, and differs from all previous efforts to obtain the statistics relating thereto, in several essential particulars. An account of each manufacturing establishment is recited, under the sanction of the name and evidence of the manufacturer. There are not, as heretofore, selections made of some interests, whilst others equally important are overlooked; but they are of every variety and taken where the annual product equals $500 in value. The facts relating to raw material, capital and product are given in detail; a feature which pervades every portion of the work, leaving condensation entirely to the Census Office for arrangement.

Schedule six relates to taxation-the history of each educational institution, as to its teachers, scholars, and funds, or expenditures; the statistics of libraries, newspapers and periodicals; the number, denomination, and value of churches; with the average wages paid in every branch of industry and service.

For the purpose of showing the particularity which is observed in those reports which have come in, we insert as examples two abstracts. The first is from the census return of the statistics and population of Indiana.