Malicious injuries to beasts, or other property; willful trespasses, by cutting or destroying wood, timber, grain and fruits, are offenses which subject the offender to severe penalties, as will be seen by reference to Chapter 245 of the Compiled Laws of 1871.

It is an offense for a person to have in his possession tools that are adapted and designed for use in breaking open buildings, vaults, safes, or other depositories in order to steal therefrom, and subjects the offender to imprisonment in the State Prison not more than ten years, or to fine not exceeding one thousand dollars and imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year.

Stealing property in another State and bringing it into this, subjects the offender to the same punishment as if the offense were committed in this State.

Willful, or malicious injury to shade trees, where the damage amounts to twenty-five dollars, subjects the offender to imprisonment in the State Prison not exceeding five years, or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, at the discretion of the court.

The removal or disposition of mortgaged property, with intent to defraud the person owning the mortgage, is a misdemeanor, and is punishable by fine not exceeding one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding three months, or both.

Willfully destroying or removing timber from the lands of another, amounting to twenty-five dollars in value, subjects the offender to imprisonment in the State Prison not more than one year, or by fine not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year. If the value of the timber or trees so taken is less than twenty-five dollars, the fine cannot exceed one hundred

dollars, or the imprisonment three months in the county jail. To enter a vineyard during the months of August, September, or October, and eat or carry away any of the fruit therefrom, without the consent of the owner or occupant, is an offense, and the penalty a fine of five dollars, or twenty days imprisonment in the county jail, or both.

Questions. What is said of falsely personating another? Of obtaining property under false pretenses? Of the destruction and fitting out of vessels with certain intent? Of false invoice of cargo, or false protest? Of malicious injury to property? What is said of having burglar's tools in one's possession? Of stealing property in another State, and bringing it into this? What of injuries to shade trees? Of the destroying or removal of timber from other's lands? Of trespasses in vineyards?

CHAPTER LV.

OF CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS, CONTINUED.—OFFENCES UPON, AND IN RELATION TO RAILROADS AND CARS.

Any person who shall place upon any railroad any obstruction, or loosen, or displace any rail of the track of such railroad, or do any other act, with intent to endanger the safety of any person traveling, or being upon such railroad, or to throw from such railroad any locomotive, tender, or car, moving along the track of such railroad on which shall be any person, or property, liable to be injured thereby, shall be punished in the State Prison for life, or for a term of years.

Stealing from persons, or cars while detained on account of accident or injury to such cars or to a railroad, subjects the

offender to imprisonment in the State Prison not exceeding twenty years, or by fine not exceeding three thousand dollars, or both, at the discretion of the court. Maliciously uncoupling, or detaching the locomotive, tender, or cars of any railroad train, or to aid, or abet in doing of the same, by persons not in the employ of the railroad company, subjects the offender to imprisonment in the State Prison, not exceeding ten years, or by fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, or both, at the discretion of the court.

Seizing upon any locomotive with any express or mail car thereto attached, and running away with the same, upon any railroad, is a State Prison offense-term not to exceed ten years-or the offender may be fined not exceeding two thousand dollars, or both, as the court shall determine.

Questions.-What is the law in relation to placing obstructions upon railroads? Of stealing from cars, or persons when detained, from injury, or accident? Of uncoupling cars? Of stealing locomotives?

CHAPTER LVI.

OF FORGERY AND COUNTERFEITING.

Forgery consists in making something in the likeness o something else, and designed to represent that which it is not. It is defined in the law books as the "making of any written instrument for the purpose of fraud and deceit." It may consist either in counterfeiting some writing or printed matter or in setting a false name to it, to the prejudice of another. If a signature to a paper be genuine, yet if the instrument

written or printed over it is not authorized by the signer, the forgery may be complete; or if the instrument be changed without authority, after it has been executed, such change may constitute a forgery.

The forging of instruments, or records, designed to affect the legal rights of others, with intent to defraud or injure any person, subjects the offender, on conviction, to imprisonment in the State Prison not more than fourteen years, or in the county jail not more than one year, depending upon the character of the instrument forged, and the circumstances surrounding the particular case.

The uttering or publishing of forged instruments is punishable the same as for the forgery.

If any person shall have in his possession at the same time, ten or more similar false, altered, forged, or counterfeit notes, bills of credit, bank bills, or notes, payable to the bearer thereof, or to the order of any person, knowing the same to be false, altered or counterfeit, with intent to uttter the same as true, and to injure and defraud, he shall be punished by imprisonment in the State Prison not more than seven years, or in the county jail not more than one year.

Every person is liable to be punished by imprisonment in the State Prison not more than ten years, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars and imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year, who shall engrave make, or mend, any instrument, or shall provide any material adapted or designed for the forging of notes, certificates, or other bills of credit, or the like, as specified in Chapter 246 of the Compiled Laws of Michigan of 1871, or who shall have such plates, or materials in his possession, with intent to use the same, or to permit them to be used in effecting such forgery.

Counterfeiting gold or silver coin, or having five or more

pieces of false money, or coin, knowing the same to be counterfeit, and with intent to utter or pass the same as true, shall be punished by imprisonment in the State Prison for life, or for any number of years.

Any person having in his possession any number of pieces less than five, of counterfeit coin, knowing the same to be counterfeit, with intent to pass the same as true, or passing, or offering to pass, any such coin, subjects the offender, on conviction, to punishment in the State Prison, not more than ten years, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.

The making, or knowingly having in one's possession, tools for making counterfeit money, with the intent to use them, or to permit them to be used or employed in coining or making counterfeit money, subjects the offender, on conviction, to punishment in the State Prison not more than ten years, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year.

Questions.-What is forgery? What is the penalty for forgery? What is meant by the uttering or publishing of forged instruments? The penalty? What of having in one's possession forged notes, bank bills, &c.? What provision is made with reference to making or mending implements for making counterfeit bills, &c.? Of the law as to persons who have the possession of such tools? What is the law with reference to the counterfeiting of coin? Of having counterfeit coin in one's possession? What is said of the possession or manufacture of tools for counterfeiting?