in a criminal case, or to injure the accused in a criminal

case.

(5.) Any statement concerning minor or serious criminal cases which are under preliminary hearing and have not been made public by the Court.

(6.) Any statement concerning a legal proceeding or conference which is held in camera.

(7.) Any publication of a military, diplomatic or any other secret document, map or picture, with the exception of those which are permitted by the official organ concerned. (8.) Any attack upon the private character of an individual which tends to injure his reputation.

Art. 12. Any literature, book or picture which violates the provisions of the above article and which is published in foreign countries shall be prohibited from sale or circulation in this country.

Art. 13. In publishing literature, books or pictures which are prohibited by Articles 11 and 12, the copies and printing blocks of such literature, books or pictures shall be seized and confiscated, if the Police authorities under whose jurisdiction such literature, books or pictures are published deem it necessary.

Art. 14. If the publisher violates the provisions of Articles 3, 4, 8 or 9, he shall be liable to a fine of from 5 to 50 dollars.

Art. 15. If the publication violates the provisions of Article 11, items (1) and (2), the writer, publisher and printer shall be punished with penal servitude of the 5th degree in addition to the confiscation of the copies or printing blocks of the matter published.

Art. 16. If the publication violates the provisions of Article 11, items (3) to (7), the writer and the publisher shall be liable to a fine of from 15 to 150 dollars in addition to the confiscation of the printed copies or printed blocks of the matter published.

Art. 17. If the publication violates the provision of item (8) of Article 11, and if an action is taken by the injured party, the case shall be adjudicated according to Criminal Law.

Art. 18. If the publisher violates Article 12, he shall be dealt with according to the provisions of Articles 15, 16 and 17.

Art. 19. In case of confiscation of the copies and printing blocks as provided in Articles 13 and 15, if such copies or blocks can be separated, only a part may be confiscated.

Art. 20. The provisions relating to the punishment of several offences at one time, and that relating to voluntary surrender in Court, in the Criminal Code, are not applicable to the punishment provided in the present law.

Art. 21. Where legal proceedings are taken against persons as provided by the present law they shall be instituted within one year from the date of the publication concerned.

Art. 22. In places where police courts have not yet been established, the local magistrates shall be authorised to perform the functions of the police authorities provided in the present law.

Art. 23. The present law shall be enforced from the date of its promulgation.

PROVISIONAL CRIMINAL CODE. ARTICLE 133.

The divulgation of official secrets pertaining to the internal administration or foreign relations of the Republic of China, shall be punishable by a term of penal servitude of the 3rd to the 5th degree, and, in the case of surreptitious dealings with a foreign country, by a term of penal servitude of the 2nd or 3rd degree.

PROVISIONAL CRIMINAL CODE. ARTICLE 221.

The public incitement, by written or printed words, by pictures, by speeches, or by any other means, of other persons to commit an offence shall be punishable as follows:

(1.) If the offence to which incitement is given be one for which the maximum penalty is death or penal servitude for life, a term of penal servitude of the 3rd to the 5th degree shall be inflicted, or a fine of not more than 300 dollars or less than 30 dollars.

(2.) If the offence to which incitement is given be one for which the maximum penalty is a fixed term of penal servitude, a fixed term of penal servitude of the 5th degree or compulsory labour, or a fine of less than 100 dollars shall be inflicted.

Where offences are committed against the present article in newspapers or other periodical publications or in books printed for general circulation containing matter written by other persons, the editor also shall be liable to punishment as above.

PROVISIONAL CRIMINAL CODE. ARTICLE 359.

The dissemination of rumours, of fraudulent injury of the credit of another person or of his business shall be punishable with penal servitude of the 5th degree or compulsory labour, or with a fine of not more than 100 dollars.

COLOMBIA.

LAW 51 OF 1898.-DECEMBER 15.

General Regulations.

Article 1. The freedom of the Press, in times of peace, is subject only to the limitations prescribed by the present law.

Art. 2. No establishment for the publication of periodicals shall receive subventions in any form from any foreign Government or company, or from the national or departmental government without the permission of the executive in the case of receiving foreign aid or of the Congress in the case of a grant from the national exchequer. Publications of a purely scientific nature are exempted from this. regulation.

Art. 3. An infringement of the preceding article renders the director of the periodical who receives the subvention liable to a fine equivalent to twice the sum received by him. This does not affect the responsibility of the official who has illegally granted the subvention.

Art. 4. Every edition shall bear the date and place of its publication, and also the name of the publishing house, under penalty of from 10 to 20 pesos, which may be commuted into from five to twelve days' arrest in the case of repetition of the offence within a period of six months.

Art. 5. Every owner, director or manager of a printing, engraving or similar establishment must send to the Ministry of the Interior, to the governor of the department (district) concerned, and to the prefect of the province one copy of every book, pamphlet, review, periodical, leaflet, engraving, &c., within three days of the publication of the same. Such copy will be handled free of charge by the national post offices. Three copies shall be sent to the National Library.

Failure to observe this article will render the delinquent liable to a fine of from 10 to 50 pesos, levied by each of the abovementioned officials to whom the delinquent shall have omitted to send the copies required.

The official who receives the copies shall acknowledge the receipt of the same to the sender, and shall preserve them carefully.

Art. 6. Every owner of a printing office is obliged from the entry into force of the present law to make a declaration to the local governmental authority, in which he shall state his name, the name of the establishment of which he is owner, and the locality in which it is situated. In like manner, he must give notice of any change in the foregoing particulars which may occur at any future date, and of any new establishments which he may set up.

Periodicals.

Art. 7. Any periodical may be published, without previous authorisation, on the mere deposition of a declaration before the highest governmental authority of the locality. Such declaration shall state

(a.) The title and method of issue of the publication in question. (b.) The name, residence and nationality of the director. (c.) The address of the printing office in which the periodical is to be printed.

Any change in the foregoing particulars must be reported to the same authority within the space of five days.

The declaration must be written on first-class stamped paper, and a receipt for the same will be issued upon its presentation.

Art. 8. Only a Colombian citizen may be the director of a periodical dealing with the politics of the country.

Art. 9. An infringement of Article 7 will be punished by a fine of from 20 to 50 pesos imposed on the director, or, in his default, on the printer.

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Art. 10. No public servant shall hold the position of director, or of responsible or directing editor of any periodical dealing with political matters.

The contravention of this regulation shall be punished by loss of office, on the petition of any citizen. Nothing herein shall prevent public servants from writing in political periodicals either in their own name or anonymously, or under a pseudonym, provided they write as private individuals only.

For the purposes of this article, Senators and members of corporations elected by popular vote are not considered to be public servants.

Art. 11. The name of the director of the periodical shall be printed at the head of every copy of the periodical, under penalty. of a fine of from 5 to 10 pesos to be imposed on the printer for every number in which he infringes this regulation.

Art. 12. The director of the periodical is obliged to insert gratuitously corrections or explanatory statements addressed to him by individuals, public functionaries, corporations, or associations, in regard to false statements concerning their actions, or where they have been insulted by scurrilous attacks, and must insert the replies to such attacks, in the case of periodicals issued daily, within three days of their receipt; in other cases, in the first subsequent issue; provided always that such replies do not of themselves constitute an insult to the journalist or to any third party, and that they do not occupy more than double the space occupied by the passage rectified.

If the corrective statement exceeds the above-mentioned limit, the writer of it shall be bound to pay for the part which is in excess in accordance with the rates for contributions which every periodical shall publish in every number.

The insertion in question shall be published in the same position and in the same type as the passage which has given rise to it.

Art. 13. Infringement of the regulations contained in the foregoing article will be punished with a fine of from 25 to 100 pesos.

Crimes committed by means of the Press or other forms of Publicity.

Art. 14. When an act. defined by the Penal Code as a crime, shall have been committed, those persons who by speeches. cries or threats uttered in public places, or by written or printed matter sold, distributed or exposed in such places, have directly incited its commission, shall be punished as accomplices, provided that such incitement shall have resulted in the commission either of the penal act or of a frustrated crime" or of an "attempted crime" as defined by the Penal Code.

Art. 15. Those persons who, by the means specified in the preceding article, have directly incited the commission of the crimes of homicide, theft or arson, or of a crime against the safety of the Republic or against the peace and tranquillity of the same, according to the classification in the Penal Code, shall be punished, in cases where the incitement has not led to the commission of the crime.

with from one to six months' arrest and with a fine of from 50 to 600 pesos.

Art. 16. All incitement, by the means mentioned in Article 14, aimed at deflecting the armed forces of the Republic from the performance of their official duties and from the obedience which they owe to their officers in whatever orders the latter may issue in carrying out the military laws and regulations shall be punished with imprisonment of from ten days to two months or with a fine of from 20 to 100 pesos.

Art. 17. The publication or reproduction of false news, or of falsified articles, or of articles written with intent to attribute them falsely to a third party, shall be punished with imprisonment of from ten days to three months, and a fine of from 5 to 100 pesos, or with only one of these penalties according to the gravity of the case; but no punishment may be inflicted unless the publication shall have been made with malicious intent, and unless the news shall have produced alarm or a disturbance of the public peace.

Art. 18. Offences against decency committed by any of the means mentioned in Article 14 and not included in the crimes against morality defined in Chapter I of Part 8 of Book 2 of the Penal Code shall be punished by imprisonment of from ten days to two months and a fine of from 10 to 100 pesos.

Art. 19. When charges are made against a public official, especially in matters of handling public moneys, and when in accordance with the present law he shall have justified his behaviour, the journalist must state whether the charges made have or have not been satisfactorily answered. This statement must appear in the next issue of the periodical, under penalty of a fine of from 50 to 100 pesos. If the statement is in the sense that, in the opinion of the journalist, the charges are not answered, or if the official is not satisfied, the journalist must bring an accusation against the official within ten days of the presentation of the official's justification, under penalty of a fine equal to that above mentioned.

If after making the accusations the journalist is unable to prove the charge or charges made, he shall be liable to a fine of from 100 to 500 pesos.

Art. 20. Every false accusation affecting the honour or good name of a person or corporation constitutes a calumny.

Every insulting expression, term of contempt, or invective, in regard to a person or corporation, which does not express at the same time an act committed, is an insult.

Art. 21. Calumny committed by any of the means mentioned in Articles 14 and 17, affecting public institutions, the administration of justice, the army or other public body, in any matter relating to the lawfu! functions of the person or body concerned, shall be punished with imprisonment of from twenty days to four months and a fine of from 20 to 200 pesos. A similar penalty shall be applied when the offence is committed against one or several members of the Government, of the Legislative Chambers, of the Departmental Assemblies or against any public official or minister of religion; provided always that the calumny refers to the public functions of

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