examination

tory of the

puritans, p.

75. 8vo.

P. 409.

became in a condition to be both dreaded and

the peace of the church. But James not only fpoke well of churchmen, and endeavoured to recommend them to the esteem and regard of his fubjects, but he heaped on them wealth, and fuffered them to enjoy riches in abundance. "He founded a dean and chap"ter of feven prebendaries at Rippon, in Yorkshire; and "fettled two hundred and forty-feven pounds per ann, (f) Grey's of crown lands for their maintenance." (f) Williams, of the fecond dean of Westminster, retained at the fame time, as himvolume of felf tells the duke of Buckingham, the rectories of DiNeal's hif num, Walgrave, Grafton, and Peterborough, and was alfo chaunter of Lincoln, prebendary of Afgarbie, prebendary of Nonnington, and refidentiary of Lincoln. (g). Lond. 1736. And when advanced to the fee of Lincoln, and made lord-keeper of the great feal, he was continued dean of Weftminster, and held his other preferments; fo that, fays Heylin, he was a perfect diocefs within himself, as being bishop, dean, prebend, refidentiary, and parfon; (b) Life of and all thefe at once. (b) This was a goodly fight in the eyes of Laud, who made use of the example, in retaining with his bishopric of St. David's, not only his prebend's place in the church of Weftminster, and his benefices in the country, but alfo the prefidentfhips of Id, ibid. his college in Oxon. (i). In fhort the churchmen throve well under James, and were greatly cherished by him. For to the wealth he permitted them to enjoy, he added real power, and gave them liberty to crush all their oppofers.In the canons compiled anno 1603, to which his majesty gave his royal fanction, we find that whoever fhould hereafter affirm, that the form of God's worship in the church of England, established by law, and contained in the book of common prayer, is a corrupt, fuperftitious, or unlawful worfhip of God, or containeth any thing in it that is repugnant to the fcriptures; whofoever fhould affirm that any of the thirty-nine articles, are in any part fuperftitious or erroneous, or fuch as he may not with a good confcience

Laud, p. 85.

fubfcribe

pu

and envied by her adverfaries. Not fo the ritans. Thefe were the objects of his majesty's highest

fubfcribe unto; whofoever fhould affirm that the rites and ceremonies of the church were fuch as men who were godly affected, may not with any good confcience approve them, ufe them, or, as occafion requireth, fubfcribe unto them; whofoever fhould affirm the government of the church of England under his majesty, by archbishops, &c. is antichriftian, or repugnant to the word of God, were to be excommunicated. (k) (k) See The fame punishment was denounced against the au-canons 3. thors of fchifm, the maintainers of fchifmaticks and 4, 5, 6, 7. maintainers of conventicles. (1) Thus were church (In canons men armed with power, with which, we may be af- 9, 10, 11. fured, they took care to defend themselves and annoy their adverfaries. Add to this that the high commiffion was then in being, in which the bishops were the judges who, by adminiftring the oath ex officio, compelled men to accuse themselves, and then punished them in the feverest manner. 'Twas this court which obliged the renowned Selden, to make his fubmiffion, and beg pardon for having published his book on tythes; (m) though (m) Heylin's muft learned men fince that time, have acquiefced in prefbyte what he has afferted concerning their original; and be- rians, p. fore this, we find by a complaint of the parliament, 392. that "lay-men were punished by this court for speaking of the fymonie and other mifdemeanours of fpi"ritual men, though the thing spoken were true, and the speech tending to bring them to condigne punish"ment." (n)-Such was the power of the clergy under (n) Record James, fuch was the ufe that was made of it! honeft, of fome prolearned, and worthy men were called in queftion, and eedings in te parliafubjected to all the terrible confequences of that thing called an excommunication, for daring to tell church- 1610, p. 29. men of their vices, or denying their whimfical pretences. This at length bred much ill-blood, and iffued in dreadful confequences. Let the prince therefore that would reign gloriously, curb the power of his clergy; let him.

Q3

never

hiftoryof the

ment, anno

(a) Winwood, Vol. JĮ. R. 40.

(b) Winwood, Vol. II. p. 48.

highest averfion [4] and greatest hatred ;

these

never be made the tool of their wrath or refentment; but by diftributing equal and impartial juftice to all his fubjects, fhew himself their common father and sovereign, and thereby establish his throne in their hearts, and render it immoveable.

[4] The puritans were the objects of his highest averfion, &c.] This appears from what has been faid in the notes [M] and [MM] fo clearly, that I need fay no more concerning it. But James contented not himfelf with reproaching them, but he let his clergy loofe upon them, and fubjected them to great penalties, meerly on account of their non-conformity to the established ceremonies. Hutton, archbifhop of York, received orders from the privy-council," that the puritans fhould be proceeded against according to law, except "they conformed themfelves; tho' I think, fays he,

all or most of them love his majefty, and the present "eftate." (a) And fays Sir Dudley Carleton in a letter to Mr. Winwood, dated Feb. 20, 1604, "the poor "puritan minifters have been ferrited out in all corners, "and fome of them fufpended, others deprived of their

66

livings. Certain lecturers are filenced, and a crew of "gentlemen of Northamptonshire, who put up a petition "to the king in their behalfe, told roundly of their boldness, both at the council-table and ftar-chamber: and Sir Francis Haftings for drawing the petition, and ftanding to it, when he had done it, put from his lieutenancy and jufticeship of the peace in his fhire : "Sir Edward Mountague, and Sir Valentine Knightly, for refufing to fubfcribe to a fubmiffion, have the like fentence: the reft upon acknowledgment of a fault have no more faid to them." (b)- And his majefty fummoned the judges into the ftar chamber, and in the presence of the archbishop of Canterbury and the bishop of London, and about twelve lords of the privy-council, asked of them three questions with regard

these he was continually reproaching in his writings;

to the punishment of the puritans; the third of which was, whether it be an offence punishable, and what "punishment they deferved, who framed petitions, "and collected a multitude of hands thereto, to prefer "to the king in a public cause, as the puritans had "done, with an intimation to the king, that if he de"nied their fuit, many thousands of his fubjects would "be discontented?" To this the judges in their great wisdom replied, “ that it was an offence fineable at dif"cretion, and very near to treason and felony in the "punishment, for it tended to the raifing fedition, re"bellion and discontent among the people." (c) This (c) Croke's judicious refolution was agreed to by the lords then pre- reports, part. fent. Bancroft hereupon required a ftrict confor- and Win"mity to the rules of the church, according to the wood, Vol. "laws and canons in that behalf; and without fparing 2d. p. 49. "non-conformifts, or half-conformists, at laft reduced "them to that point, that they muft either leave their "churches, or obey the church." (d) And that none (d) Heylin's might escape the penalties of the canons and high com- hiftory of miffion court, this pious prelate required" fome who the prefbyterians, p.

2d. p. 37.

had formerly fubfcribed to teftify their conformity by 376. "a new fubfcription, in which it was to be declared, "that they did willingly and ex animo fubfcribe to the "three articles (inferted in the 36th canon) and to all "things in the fame contained. Which leaving no "ftarting hole either for practising thofe rites and cere"monies which they did not approve, or for approving "that which they meant not to practise, as they had "done formerly; occafioned many of them to forfake "their benefices, rather than to subscribe according to "the true intention of the church in the faid three ar

"ticles." (e) In fhort, fuch was the rigor of the pre-(e) Id. p. lates, such the sufferings of the puritans, that we find 377. the parliament, in the year 1610, interceding with the king in their behalf. "Whereas, fay they, divers "painful and learned paftors, that have long travelled

Q4

66 in

ings in the house

commons, in 1610.

writings; and not contented herewith he expofed

"in the work of the minifterie with good fruit and bleffing of their labours, who were ever ready to per"form the legal fubfcription appointed by the ftatute of 13 Eliz. which only concerneth the confeffion of the "true chriftian faith and doctrine of the facraments, yet for not conforming in fome points of ceremonies, and refufing the fubfcription directed by the late canons, have been removed from their ecclefiaftical livings, being their freehold, and debarred from all "means of maintenance, to the great grief of fundrie

66

66

your majefties well-affected fubjects; feeing the whole "people, that want inftruction, are by this means "punished, and through ignorance, lye open to the "feducements of popifh, and ill-affected perfons: We "therefore moft humbly befeech, your majefty would

be gracioufly pleafed, that fuch deprived and filenced "minifters may by licence, or permiffion of the re"verend fathers, in their feveral dioceffes, inftru&t, "and preach unto their people in fuch parishes, and "places, where they may be employed: fo as they ap

ply themfelves, in their miniftery to wholesome doc"trine, and exhortation, and live quietly, and peaceably in their callings, and fhall not by writing or preaching, impugn things eftablished by public au(f) Proceed-thority." (f)-Soon after this Bancroft died, and was fucceeded by George Abbot, a man of a more gentle and merciful difpofition, who was much more favourable to the puritans than his predeceffor. But the rigor against them was far from being wholly remitted. They were fo ill ufed, that they preferred dwelling in a wilderness to their native foil, and chofe the perils of waters before the perils they were in among their brethren; though for a time even this was denied them. "Some of the bifhops, fays Wilfon, were not contented to fupprefs many pious and religious men ; but I know કં not for what policy, reftrained their going beyond fea for there were divers families, about this time, 66 (1613)

i