(40.) The crew of a ship consisting of 80 men are entitled to 17120 dollars prize-money; what is the share of each man? Ans. 214 dollars. (41.) What is the quotient of 79084128 divided by 64 ? (42.) What number must be multiplied by 121 to produce

242 ?

(43.) General Taylor received 40500 pounds of flour for his army, which at that time consisted of 4500 men; how much flour did each man receive? Ans. 9 pounds. (44.) A worthy farmer bequeathed his estate of 18494 dollars to his 4 sons and 3 daughters, to be equally divided among them; required the share of each.

Ans. 2642 dollars. (45.) Divide 1600 dollars equally among 10 men, 40 men,

160 men.

(46.) If 60 minutes make an hour, how many hours are are there in 45840 minutes? Ans. 764 hours. (47.) If 24 hours make a day, how many days are there in 8448 hours? Ans. 352 days.

(48.) If 7 days make a week, how many weeks are there in 980 days? Ans. 140 weeks.

(49.) If 12 months make a year, how many years in 604

months?

(50.) At 14 cents a pound, how many pounds can you have for 2100 cents?

(51.) If 365 days make a year, how many years in 2555 days? (52.) If 16 ounces make 1 pound, how many pounds in 2272 ounces? Ans. 142 pounds. (53.) If 160 rods make an acre, how many acres in 12160 rods? Ans. 76 acres. (54.) If 12 inches make a foot, how many feet in 6744 inches ? Ans. 562 feet. (55.) If 10 mills make 1 cent, how many cents in 87400 mills? Ans. 8740 cents. (56.) If 128 feet make a cord of wood, how many cords in 7808 feet? Ans. 61 cords.

MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS,

APPLICABLE TO THE PRECEDING RULES.

(1.) Ir the multiplicand be 6408, and the multiplier 640, required the product.

(2.) If the divisor be 41, and dividend 697141, required the quotient.

(3.) Add 640, 784, 982, and divide the amount by 64 ?

(4.) A farmer has 3 tracts of land, one of 840 acres, one of 621 acres, and one of 1147 acres; he wishes to divide them into 8 farms for each of his children: how many acres will each receive? Ans. 326 acres.

(5.) A rich merchant bequeathed his estate to his 4 children, which amounted to 256448 dollars; his 2 sons were to receive 128224 dollars, and the remainder of the estate was to be equally divided between his 2 daughters: how much did each receive, and did they all share alike ?

(6.) If you purchase 250 pounds of flour for 12 dollars, and sell it for 6 cents a pound, will you gain, or lose, and how much? Ans. gain 3 dollars. (7.) If you should purchase 475 acres of land for 9000 dollars, and sell it for 20 dollars an acre, would you gain, or lose, and how much?

(8.) A merchant deposited in bank at one time 648 dollars; at another time, 742 dollars; a third time, 1400 dollars; in the meantime he has drawn 1152 dollars: how much has he remaining in the bank? Ans. 1638 dollars.

(9.) A ship in sailing to a distant part of the world: from one port to another was 5849 miles, to another port 6420 miles, to another 8542 miles, which brought her to the island of Cuba, and thence home 924 miles; required the number of miles she sailed. Ans. 21735 miles. (10.) Multiply 694 by 342, and divide the product by 720. (11.) A farmer was indebted to a merchant 1192 dollars; he paid him 481 dollars, and then purchased goods to the amount of 614 dollars; how much did he then owe him? Ans. 1325 dollars. (12.) Purchased a horse for 75 dollars, 3 cows for 25 dollars each, 18 sheep for 2 dollars each, and sold them all for 1.80 dollars; did I gain, or lose, and how much ?

Ans. lost 6 dollars. (13.) Light passes from the sun to the earth, a distance of 95 millions of miles, in about 8 minutes; what distance does light move in a minute?

Ans. 11,875,000 miles per minute.

(4*)

THERE is but one currency known to our laws, and coined in the United States; that is, the eagle, half-eagle, quartereagle, dollar, half-dollar, quarter-dollar, dime, half-dime, cent, and half-cent. There are various kinds of foreign gold and silver in circulation throughout the Union, the value of which is established by acts of Congress; but book accounts, and all written contracts for money, must be in dollars and cents, or the currency of the Union. There are various methods of reckoning money in the several states of the Union, the cause of which may be traced to the condition of the country before the existence of our present excellent form of government. At that time the present United States were colonies of Great Britain, and subject to their laws; and their method of reckoning money in pounds, shillings, and pence, prevailed in this country, but was not uniform in all the states. In some states the dollar was estimated at six shillings-this would make one shilling sixteen and two thirds cents; in other states the dollar was estimated at eight shillings--this would make the value of one shilling twelve and a half cents; in some states, four shillings and sixpence, and in others, seven shillings and sixpence: but this neither reduced nor enhanced the real value of the dollar, which has always been the same. This method of reckoning is still persisted in by many, to the great inconvenience and trouble of the community--a system that should be discontinued and prohibited. The foreign silver coin mostly in circulation in this country is the Spanish real and halfreal; or, the twelve-and-a-half-cent piece, and the six-and-aquarter-cent piece: known by various names, as shilling, levy, fip, bit, &c., &c. This kind of money has been so long in circulation as to become worn, and very much reduced in value, and efforts are being made to recoin it into our own currency; this will soon rid the country of this very troublesome and unnatural currency, much to the relief of the community, and then our money will be constitutional.

The money of the United States increases and decreases by tens, which is called DECIMAL; this makes it extremely easy to calculate: that is, tens of every lower denomination, or less value, make one of the next higher, and consequently one of every higher makes ten of the next lower: which may be seen by the following:-

The Mill is not a coin, but the tenth part of a cent. The Half-Cent is a copper coin, 200 being equal to one dollar.

The Cent is a copper coin, 100 being equal to one dollar. The Half-Dime is the smallest silver coin, being equal in value to 5 cents, or 20 to a dollar.

The Dime is a silver coin, equal to 10 cents, or 10 to a dollar.

The Quarter-Dollar is a silver coin, =25 cents, or 4 to a dollar.

=

The Half-Dollar is a silver coin, 50 cents, or 2 to a dollar.

The Dollar is the largest silver coin, 100 cents, or 10=1 eagle.'

The Quarter-Eagle is the smallest gold coin, 2 dollars

OF FRACTIONS.

Before proceeding further, it will be necessary to give a short explanation of fractions, as no calculations of importance can be made without their application. But as this volume is intended as an introduction, and as this part of arithmetic is explained at large in the other volume, the examples in this work will be limited to mere simple fractions, sufficient for practical calculations.

Fractions are of two kinds, either vulgar or decimal, and mean a part or parts of one or unity; a whole is called an integer; but a part, or some parts, of an integer are denoted by figures, and in vulgar fractions are written with a line drawn between the numerator and the denominator, thus: denominator, =one fourth; one half; three fourths; seven

1 numerator,

eighths, &c.

Decimal signifies ten, because decimal fractions increase and decrease in a tenfold ratio, and is a part of a unit or whole number, and is distinguished by a comma (,) or period (.) placed on the left of the figure or figures, thus .5, or thus, five tenths, or one half; .25=25, twenty-five hundredths, or one quarter. A fraction is of the same value, whether expressed in the form of a vulgar fraction or decimal. We will take 1 dollar as the unit, in our currency, and give the several parts in vulgar and decimal fractions :

8

VULGAR FRACTIONS.

6

3

4

1 D. 6 cts.; -12 cts.; 183 cts.; 1=1= 25 cts.; 311 cts.; ==37 cts.; 76=43 cts. ; ===50 cts. ; 1=561 cts.; 18==621 cts. ; 1= 683 cls.; 12-75 cts.; 1811 cts.; 14=1=87 cts.; 1933 cts.; 18=100 cts. 1 D.

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