SWITZERLAND.

Accounts from Lausanne speak very highly of a new Review published under the direction of M. Olivier, entitled "Revue Suisse." Olivier is professor of the Academy of that place, author of a celebrated description of the "Canton de Vaud," of "Etudes d'Histoire Nationale," and a collection of poems. The outward appearance and division of contents of the "Revue Suisse" are similar to the "Revue des deux Mondes."-It is well known that several German demagogues, Herwegh, Hoffmann von Fallersleben, and others, are now living in Switzerland, and there publishing their foolish rhapsodies, without, however, making many converts to their extreme ideas in that country. A little book of couplets, ridiculing these would-be regenerators of Germany, entitled, "Der junge Deutschmichel," has had a large circulation in Switzerland, as well as Germany.-A second volume of Fuessli's account of the principal towns of the Upper and Middle Rhine, with reference to architecture, sculpture, and painting, has just been published, and embraces Mayence, Frankfort, Coblentz, Bonn, Cologne, Aix, and Dusseldorf, completing this valuable work.

OBITUARY.

Aug. 10th, at Jena, Dr. J. F. Fries, professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at that University, a celebrated author in several branches of science, born at Baby, Aug. 1773. His principal works are-" Philosophische Rechtslehre," 1803; "System der Philosophie als evidente Wissenschaft dargestellt," 1804; "Kritik der Vernunft," 1807; “System der Logik,” 1811; "Vorlesungen über Sternkunde," 1813; "Handbuch der praktischen Philosophie," 1817-32; "Geschichte der Philosophie," 1837-40.

Oct. 10th, at Athens, Dr. H. N. Ulrichs, professor at the Otho-University, author of "Reisen und Forschungen in Griechenland," of which one volume only, containing his travels to Delphi, through Phocis and Boeotia as far as Thebes, was published. He also published many other valuable antiquarian and topographical dissertations. He was a native of Bremen.

Oct. 26th, at Leipzig, Dr. J. C. A. Heinroth, professor of psychology at the University. Equally esteemed as an academic tutor and a valuable writer on many different subjects.

COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE.

NEW SOUTH WALES.
(SYDNEY.)

INTELLIGENCE from this colony is down to the 29th of July, and the period intervening between the date quoted in our last (the 6th of May), and the above, is crowded with events, the interest and importance of which can scarcely be overrated. The depression we spoke of in our last number as having reached such an extent as to bear upon all classes, and threaten the commercial character of the colony beyond the hope of restitution, has roused that spirit of enterprize and exertion, which stamps the Saxon race preeminent. Necessity is the mother of invention," and never surely was this trite aphorism more strikingly illustrated, than when the flock-masters of

New South Wales, driven by the low state of the sheep-market to seek some new means of realizing a profit from their fat wethers, hit upon the expedient of boiling them down into tallow. Let Russia and all our tallow importing countries no longer imagine that England must be dependent on them for this important article, for it appears from the late intelligence from New South Wales, that we may very shortly expect a great quantity of tallow from thence, and with every prospect that the price it will yield in the English market, will repay the importers. We give an extract below from the Sydney Morning Herald, of the 24th June, in which it appears the prospects opened by this new export are regarded in the colony, as most exhilarating :—

"It is true, every body knew before that a sheep contained tallow; but the proportion was thought too insignificant an item in the value of the animal, to deserve consideration. It has been ascertained, that by boiling down the entire carcass, the skin and hams excepted, there may be extracted on the average from 25 to 30 pounds of tallow from each sheep, which, at the moderate valuation of 34d. per pound, is worth 78. 34d. to 8s. 9d.; or upwards of a hundred per cent. more than has of late been realized by the sale of the living animal. But adding to this the value of the wool, skin, mutton hams, &c., the sum total yielded by this novel process, as shown by the praiseworthy experiment of Mr. Henry O'Brien, on the 14th, 15th, and 16th instant, is no less than 148. 34d. per sheep. If this result be thought too flattering, let the odd 48. 34d. be taken off; and even then, it is demonstrated that, in the very depth of winter, when the fleece is in the worst possible state, the intrinsic value of a sheep is 108.; and even deducting a round 20 per cent. from this, we have still the cheering minimum of 88. Contrasted with the nominal value which sheep bore a month ago, this is an advance at once most extraordinary and most exhilarating ! ! ! "

As the quotations of tallow have now become a question of standard importance to the Colony, we have taken pains to collect the average prices in the British market, for several years past; and we are enabled to state, on authority that may be relied upon, the following facts :

Average price of ox tallow, in the London market, for the last six years:

This average is rather more than 5d. per pound. In Mr. O'Brien's estimate, the price was taken at 34d., full thirty per cent. below the mark.

It will be seen from some further extracts which we give, that the energetic colonists lost no time in acting upon the above hints, and at the date of our last advices, stations for sheep-boiling were being erected in all parts of the Colony, and the most sanguine, but at the same time well grounded hopes were entertained that New South Wales had added to its already valuable exports, a fresh article likely to benefit her own population in a great degree, and to add annually to her importance and utility as a dependence of the mother country. May her just hopes be realized!

The panic which caused a run upon the savings banks happily passed away, proving, as we apprehended, that there was no ground for such a want of confidence. The affairs of the Sydney bank had been inquired into by the committee appointed by the shareholders for that purpose, and the following favourable report from them had been the result :

:

"The committee, since their appointment, have had daily meetings for the purpose of carrying into effect the objects desired by the proprietors; and, having carefully examined the actual assets and liabilities of the bank as they appeared on the evening of the 19th instant, report that there is a balance in favour of the bank of 10,0381. 118. 6d.

"The different items of the assets have been carefully and particularly examined by the committee, and found nearly to correspond with the accounts in the Company's books; and upon this subject the committee think it necessary to remark, with regard to the nature of the bills held by the bank, that they have no hesitation in saying they may be considered as a fair average of the bills current in the Colony; and that the bank, in this respect, runs no risk beyond what is incurred by every other similar establishment. The amount of overdue bills, 29,7927. 10s. 2d., includes all since the establishment of the bank; and this list includes a considerable amount which may be considered as perfectly safe, and will be recovered by the directors without delay. The overdrawn accounts, amounting to 22,3827. 78. 8d., appeared to be a very serious item, and in many instances they have been admitted without the slightest regard to the interest of the bank, and contrary to the most common rules of prudence or discretion. The amount of those accounts have, however, been very considerably reduced since the suspension of the late manager. The liabilities of the bank have also been reduced 30,000l. within the last two months; and indeed the general aspect of the Company's affairs has assumed a much more favourable appearance under the present management, which induces the committee to recommend that no steps be taken by the proprietors until the general meeting after the half-yearly balance, when it will be in the power of the proprietors to judge for themselves what should be done for the benefit of all parties interested. "W. MOIR, ACTON SILLITOE, THOMAS BRown.

"Sydney, June 23, 1843." The first New South Wales parliament was to meet on the 27th of July; the election of the speaker was fixed for the 29th, and the 1st of August was to be "the great, the important day," on which the governor (Sir George Gipps), was in due process to open the first parliament of New South Wales. Great excitement prevailed at all the elections, and we are sorry to find that, both at Sydney and Melbourne, very serious riots took place. The Observer, of Sydney,

"Cannot but regret that the annals of our fair city should ever have been stained by the disgraceful outrages perpetrated on the occasion, by an infuriated rabble.

.. At an early stage of the proceedings of the day, a large party of the O'Connell mob, consisting exclusively of the very dregs of the Irish population, proceeded from the Race Course to the Flagstaff, armed with bludgeons, spreading terror and alarm wherever they appeared..... On the Race Course matters were carried with equal violence. The flag and polling-booth of Wentworth and Bland speedily disappeared. The friends of those gentlemen were subjected to every sort of indignity, and it was for some time absolutely unsafe for any one to whisper a word in conversation favourable to their pretensions. .... Other parties throughout the city, especially the respectable portion of the Irish Roman Catholics who had discountenanced O'Connell's pretensions, received similar threats of violence, and made similar preparations to meet it, if not otherwise protected. The total defeat of the party for whose special interest all these disgraceful scenes had been preconcerted, had inflamed their rabble followers to the utmost pitch; but either from the presence of the military, or from their violence having previously exhausted itself, the scenes of midnight riot which were expected and threatened did not take place to any considerable extent."

The result of the election was the return of Messrs. Wentworth and Bland; the poll, at the close of the election, stood thus :-Wentworth, 1,287; Bland, 1,287; O'Connell, 750; Cooper, 363; Hustler, 351. It was generally believed that Mr. M'Leay, the member for Gloucester, Macquarie, and Stanley, would be elected speaker.

The following is a list of the members, with the names of the places they are returned for, together with the official and non-official nominees; the whole comprising

THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

"Church at BALMAIN.-A preliminary meeting of the inhabitants of Balmain, interested in the erection of a church, was held on Thursday evening, in the Episcopalian School-room. It was resolved to proceed immediately with the collection of funds, to erect a small church, built with hammered stone, on a piece of ground near the hotel, presented for that purpose by Mr. Wilkinson. A committee was formed to collect subscriptions and make other arrangements, to be reported to a meeting, to be held on a subsequent occasion. The Rev. Mr. Wilkinson officiates at Ashfield and Balmain alternately; but when the church is erected, the committee are in hopes that they will be able to provide for the permanent residence of a clergyman at Balmain, as the population is rapidly increasing, and with the facilities afforded by steam communication with Sydney, is likely to continue to do so."-Sydney Herald, 29th July, 1843.

"THE CROPS.-From all parts of the colony we have the most gratifying intelligence as to the state of the crops, which we have every hope will be most plentiful. From the Hunter, from Bathurst, and the country beyond; from Goulburn and the southern districts, we hear of copious but not excessive rains, which have put the young wheat into the most beautiful condition. In the Bathurst country there has not been so fine a season for many years."—Ibid.

"The markets generally continue in a dull and uninteresting state, with the exception of wheat and flour, in which articles sales have been effected to some extent; but in almost every description of goods the demand is partial in the extreme.

"WHEAT.-The demand for Van Diemen's land wheat has increased during the week, and nearly the whole on hand has been disposed of, at 48. 6d. per bushel, to

the extent of 6,000 bushels, on credit. The commissariat tender has been taken at 48. 2d. per bushel, cash.

FLOUR.-The importation, ex 'Lawsons,' from Valparaiso, has been disposed of, but the figure has not transpired; it is generally supposed to have been about 87. 58. per ton, cash.

"PROVISIONS.-Pork and Beef. The market for these articles continues dull in the extreme. The commissariat tender for 110 barrels Irish, has been taken at 21. 28. per barrel. In beef, no sales are reported.

"SUGAR.-In this article, although the demand has been but partial, an advance of 108. per ton may be quoted for all good samples, of which the market is ill supplied, the stock generally consisting of very low qualities, not suitable for the trade. English refined: four tons sold for 34d. per lb.

"COFFEE.-The only sale reported is three tons Java, at 4d. per lb.

"TEA.-Hyson skin. This market has undergone a slight reduction, about 120 chests having been disposed of, at 47. 158. per chest. The concession in this respect has been but partial, and no change in the general quotations can be made: the principal holders still exhibit much firmness, at 57. per chest.

"TOBACCO.-Four tierces Barrett's brought 18. 4d. per lb.

"CIGARS.-The demand continues limited, but without any change in price. An export to some extent is making in this article to London.

"B. P. RUM.-The inquiry continues very limited, and scarcely any business has been done, although the stock is most rapidly declining.

BRANDY.-All descriptions continue very dull of sale.

"CASE GIN.-The sales have been about 240 cases, at 148.

"MANUFACTURED GOODS.-Invoices by the late arrivals, to some extent, suitable for the market, have been taken, at twenty-five per cent. advance.

"BREAD.-The 2 lb. loaf sells generally at 3d.; but there is much of an inferior description hawked about.

"BUTCHER'S MEAT.-There is a good supply of every description of butcher's meat at present in the city. The wholesale prices are as subjoined :-Beef, ld. per lb.; mutton, 1d.; veal, 5d. to 6d. ; pork, 4d. to 5d.; suet, 34d. to 4d.; lard, 6d. The retail prices are :-Beef and mutton, 2d. per lb.; veal, 7d. to 8d.; pork, 6d. to 7d.; suet, 5d.; lard, 10d. to 18.

"POTATOES are from 47. to 51. 108. per ton.; the retail prices are from 88. to 98. per cwt. Vegetables are plentiful, and still continue of first rate quality. Fruit of every kind in season is abundant.

POULTRY.-The quantity received has been readily bought up by the dealers, at the following wholesale prices :-Fowls, from 38. to 48. per pair; ducks, 58. to 68. per pair; Muscovy ducks, 68. to 88. per pair; wild ducks, 48. 6d. per brace; geese, 8s. 6d. to 10s. 6d. per pair; turkeys, 11s. to 188. per ditto; teal, 3s. to 38. 6d. per brace; pigeons, 2s. 6d. to 38. per pair; eggs, 10d. to 18. 2d. per dozen; feathers, 1s. to 1s. 3d. per lb.

"TIMBER of every sort is plentiful.”—Ibid.

"SHEEP-BOILING.-Mr. King's sheep-boiling establishment at New Town is now complete, and in full operation, and about two hundred and fifty sheep per day are being slaughtered. The terms upon which Mr. King takes the sheep are, to defray all the expenses, and put the tallow in a marketable condition, on a wharf in Sydney, at fifteen pence each sheep, which he pays himself out of the proceeds of the skins, so that the settler has his sheep converted into a saleable commodity, without the outlay of a single farthing, which is a very important accommodation. The settlers should send fat sheep to the boiling establishments: we have heard of sheep of the very poorest description being boiled down, which can only end in disappointment. From a good sheep, fifteen to twenty-five pounds of tallow is obtained; and Mr. King, whose practical experience in the tallow and soap trade is very considerable, has no doubt that both the body and kidney fat will command the very highest price in London. With moderate exertions a thousand tons of tallow per annum can be exported, and in the course of a year or two that quantity may be increased."-Sydney Herald, 28th July, 1843.

4

"EXPORT OF HORSES.-The ship Stratheden' will sail in the course of the