structure, with a bold, bald front, in which a professor resides. The ground slopes just enough to enable the landscape gardener to make a series of terraces upon the lawn, and the magnificent shade-trees, luxuriant shrubbery, and the quaint serpentine fences of brick combine to make a picture more classic, attractive, and novel than can be found in any other American town.

The buildings furnish a striking contrast to the ugly, square-cornered, many-windowed, factorylike dormitories and recitation-halls found upon the campus of the ordinary college in the North. The leanness of their endowments and the demand for educational accommodations tempted their trustees, no doubt, to buy as many brick and partition off as many rooms as they could with the money, without a thought of the esthetic. But Jefferson had an ideal, the result of years of inquiry and contemplation, and he endeavored to combine and carry out in the University of Virginia an intellectual, political, and moral development, and the cultivation of an artistic taste among his country

men.

As a consequence one finds at that institution imposing architectural effects, a curriculum which embraces all branches of human knowledge, and a code of rules which recognizes that boys as well as men are capable of self-government and are controlled by the instincts of honor.

Several buildings have been added to the scholastic colony since his day, but the original group as planned by him still remains the most notable example in the United States of the classic school of architecture. The gymnasium is detached and stands some distance from the library; the chapel is a Gothic structure, entirely out of harmony with the rest of the buildings, and looks as if it were guilty of an unwarranted intrusion.

Running in parallel lines with the long sides of the quadrangle are low dormitories and other buildings for the accommodation of literary societies and the professors, all connected by colonnades; so that it is possible to visit nine-tenths of the University, including the professors' residences, without passing from under the roofs.

James Monroe used to live in a house on a little hill just outside the quadrangle, but his mansion was burned some years ago, and the site is now occupied by a dormitory. His law office is preserved as he left it.

The motto of the University, selected by Jefferson, is "And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free." The central idea is "freedom." Jefferson seems to have had that word in his mind continually. "I have sworn,' he said, "upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man," and in framing the organization of this institution he introduced every form of freedom that could be applied. The members of the faculty are free to exercise their own judgment within their jurisdiction. The University of Virginia is the only institution of its kind in this country without a president. For convenience in transacting business the faculty elect a chairman from among its own members and appoint committees to look after the various interests of the institution. But so long as he attends properly to his duties and satisfies the requirements of the Board of Visitors each professor is at the head of an independent school and can arrange the work and prescribe the instruction of his students.

At the same time the student is free in selecting his studies. There is no prescribed course. He can follow any line of learning he likes. He is

free to go and come as pleases him best, but he must be a gentleman and learn enough to pass his examinations before can get a degree. He is free from all espionage by the faculty. There is no compulsory attendance at chapel or elsewhere. The rules require from every student "decorous, sober and upright conduct as long as he remains a member of the university, whether he be within its precincts or not." "If in the opinion of the faculty any student be not fulfilling the purposes for which he ought to have come, the faculty may require him to withdraw after informing him of the objections to his conduct and affording him an opportunity of explanation and defense.' "Drunkenness, gambling, and dissoluteness, profane language, extravagant habits, visiting bar rooms or gaming tables, the use or possession of fire arms, the contraction of debts, the introduction. or the use of intoxicating drinks within the precincts of the university," are absolutely forbidden because they are not considered proper habits for a gentleman, and the University of Virginia is intended exclusively for that class of society.

What is known as "the honor system" has always prevailed. The faculty assumes that every student is an honorable and a truthful man. Most of the discipline is left to the students themselves. The University is a little republic where self-government prevails and personal honor is sacred. The spirit of manliness makes every student careful of his own and his comrades's behavior. When a boy shows a lack of self-respect or violates the proprieties to such an extent as to unfit him to be an associate for honorable young men, it seldom requires the intervention of the faculty to separate him from the institution. The students look after that themselves.