occurred to him. He thinks he had about three hundred dollars in hand at the end of the year.

Under date of October 31, 1802, appears the following analysis of Mr. Jefferson's expenses as President for the previous six months:

"The above does not include Mr. Barnes bills for pro

visions abt 150 p.......

Cloathing 7 suits of which 5 are liveries about.

Doctors bills

Wines amounting to about...

900

350

about.

50

500

1800"

During the year from March 4, 1802, to March 4, 1803, while he was President, his total disbursements were twenty-five thousand two hundred and sixty-three dollars, and he classifies them as follows, although it is noticed that his additions are incorrect:

He notes that these disbursements were met by his salary of twenty-five thousand dollars as President, by nine hundred and fifteen dollars, proceeds of the sale of tobacco, three hundred and eighty-nine dollars received from the rent of land, etc., etc., etc., and then enters this confession:

"I ought by this statement to have cash in hand.... $183.70 But I actually have in hand.......

So that the errors of this statemnt amt to.

293. 109.20

66 The whole of the nails used for Monticello and smithswork are omitted because no account was kept of them. This makes part of the error and the articles of nails has been extraordinary this year."

VIII

JEFFERSON'S FRIENDS AND HIS ENEMIES

JEFFERSON'S affection for and his loyalty to his friends became a proverb, but he was very exacting in his demands upon them, and dropped them when they would not submit to his domination. Like other great leaders of men, he was willing to share his honors with and accept the advice of those who conceded his superiority, but rivalry could not be tolerated, and the ambitions of others must be subordinate to his own. For these reasons he fell out with Patrick Henry, John Marshall, and John Randolph, a famous triumvirate. James Madison was always his nearest and most valued friend, and although a stronger man that Jefferson in some respects, his amiable temper and admirable tact permitted him to enjoy a degree of independence that Jefferson would not allow in any other of his apostles. Monroe was a loyal follower and imitator, but their natures were not congenial.

Jefferson and Madison were born within a few miles of each other; their parents were friends, and their intimacy began in childhood, although there was a difference of seven years in their ages, When Jefferson returned from college, laden with learning and bursting with his own importance, the elder Madison consulted him concerning the education of his son, and in a patronizing way Jefferson prepared a manual of study and reading for the lad to follow. From that hour he continued to treat Madison as a protégé, and the latter

submitted to it without objection. He never tired of boasting of Madison's abilities, his learning, his purity of character, political integrity, his wisdom and accuracy of judgment, as if he were himself responsible for them, and it was a part of his life plan that this beloved disciple should follow in his political footsteps, succeed him in his various offices, and wear the mantle that fell from his shoulders. The fidelity of their friendship was as remarkable as its duration, for during fifty years of more or less intimate companionship they never quarrelled. In his will Jefferson says:

"I give to my old friend James Madison of Montpelier, my gold mounted walking staff of animal horn, as a token of the cordial and affectionate friendship, which, for half a century has united us in the same principles and pursuits of what we have deemed for the greatest good of our country."

His boyish affection was expended upon Dabney Carr, with whom there was a David-and-Jonathan relationship, afterwards strengthened when Carr married his sister Martha. Carr was the best beloved of his companions at school, and when at home, during the long summers, the friends and fellow-students were inseparable. Near Shadwell, Jefferson's home, was an isolated mountain, five hundred and eighty feet high, covered to the summit with the primeval forest, which he afterwards named Monticello. In the deepest shade of its luxuriant woods, under an ancient oak, the boy friends constructed a rustic seat; and thither they would retire with their books and pass peaceful days in study and conversation. Becoming strongly attached to the spot, they made a compact that whichever of them died first should be buried by the other under that grand old tree.