ing of the opening of the bowel at night. Treatment consists in great cleanliness and the injection every other night for a week or two of as much of an infusion of quassia (Appendix, 88) as the child can hold comfortably. If this does not answer, medical advice will be needed.

(2) Round worms are reddish-white in color and resemble common earth-worms in shape, but are thicker and from four to twelve inches long (Pl. II., Fig. 1). They inhabit the small intestine, but often wander into the large intestine and are evacuated, and sometimes even enter the stomach and are vomited. They are present in the bowels in great numbers. Although evidences of indigestion may be present, the only characteristic symptom is the discovery of the worm in the passages. No "worm medicines" should ever be given except by the family doctor, for they are not safe in the hands of others.

(3) Tape-worm is occasionally seen in children. Often not even the ordinary evidences of digestive disturbance are produced by it, and the only way of recognizing that there is a worm is the discovery of portions of it in the passages (Pl. II., Fig. 3). The parasite is composed of a great number of segments joined together, making a total length of perhaps many feet. The segments grow smaller and smaller as they approach the "neck" and the "head." The neck is no thicker than a thread, and the head is only about as large as an ordinary pin-head. The treatment of the disease is beyond the skill of the mother. It is essential to remove the head in order to prevent a new worm from forming. To be sure that this has been accomplished the passages should be received in a vessel of water and then be shaken about gently and without pulling the worm until the feces are entirely separated. The water may then be poured off carefully

1. Round worm. (Drawn from life; one-half natural size.) 2. Thread-worms. (Natural size.) 3. Small portions from different parts in the length of a tape-worm. (Drawn from life; natural size.)

and fresh added until quite clear, when the worm may be examined. The worm should never be pulled upon while it is being passed, lest the head be broken off in the bowel.

Jaundice.-A very common affection in the first week of life, characterized by yellowness of the skin, the whites of the eyes, and the lining of the mouth, and by highly-colored urine which stains the diapers yellow. It is commonly unattended by other symptoms, and disappears in a week or ten days. Rarely it is an evidence. of some serious or fatal disease. Very young babies are liable to acquire a yellowish tint of the skin which is not jaundice, since the whites of the eyes are not affected.

Older children may develop jaundice associated with symptoms of indigestion. Treatment for infants is often not needed, while older children may have a light diet, as of beef tea or milk foods, and be given magnesia or some laxative mineral water. It is much better, however, to call in the family physician.

(2) DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION.

Cold in the Head; Coryza.-A disorder to which children are particularly liable on account of the greater sensitiveness of their skin. To avoid it draughts must be carefully shunned, particularly upon the nearly-bald head of a baby, clothing must be sufficiently warm, and the general health must be made robust by an outdoor life and the avoidance of over-heated and ill-ventilated rooms. The symptoms consist in watering eyes, sneezing, running nose, and a nasal tone of the voice. The disease is troublesome in infancy, for the obstruction to the breathing renders nursing difficult. One of the great dangers dependent on coryza is inflammation of the ears,

O 11 cast colds art of frequent occurrence, permanent

Treatment consists in giving the child a warm bath in warn, Toon, ang it careful and rapidly, and keep1. 1. & temperature which is very equable and rather inger than usual. It is better, indeed, to put the child to bed. The diet should be lighter than usual A laxate, preferably castor oil, should be given, and a fever mixture Appendix, 133 if needed. It is often useful to appl vaseline within the nose with a camel's-hair pencil, and also to rub it upon the bridge.

Spasmodic Croup.-This disease, although very alarming, is fortunately not often dangerous. It is generally the result of exposure to cold, but is sometimes due to indigestion or to irritation of the throat. Some children are very liable to suffer from repeated attacks, while others never do, however severely they may take cold. Often there is an evident family predisposition. The symptoms may or may not begin with hoarseness during the day, and toward night the peculiar sharp, barking, metallic, "copy" cough. After the child has been asleep for a few homs it awakes suddenly, sits upright and grasps at any thing it can reach, and is scarcely able to get its breath. The crompy cough is now loud and very characteristic, the uspiration of air noisy, the voice only a hoarse whisper, and the face bluish and perspiring. The worst of the condition lasts only a few minutes, but a tendency to Comps cough and oppressed breathing may persist for perhaps half an hour or longer, after which the child drops asleep, and usually rests quietly for the remainder of the night. Another attack is very apt to occur upon cach of scycial succeeding nights.

The discape is commonest in the third year of life, and