203. The subject of accent, being of primary importance, should be dwelt upon, till its principles, and their application, are perfectly familiar. Remember, it is the principal external means, of making words out of letters and syllables: comparatively, it is the thread with which we make the garments for our thoughts, and thus manifest the objects which the mind has in view in clothing them in different ways, and making them alive with feeling. The mental power of accent, is in the will, or voluntary principle, and the physical force is from the combined action of the lower muscles, in connection with the diaphragm; hence, it may be perceived, that in simply expelling vowel sounds, as always insisted upon, we at the same time, acquire the power of making the accent; for expulsion-is accent, radical, or stress. If you do not master accent, you cannot succeed in becoming an elocutionist. 204. Change of the seat of accent. On her en-trance, she was en-tranced at being es-cort-ed by a grand es-cort: I es-say to make an es-say to ex-ile the ex-iles: ex-port the ex-ports, with-out ex-tract-ing the extracts for the ex-tract-ors: the ab-ject fel-lows ab-ject the gifts, and the ab-sent minded absent themselves from the party: he ab-stracts the ab-stracts and at-trib-utes the at-tri-butes to others: I lay the ac-cent on the ac-cent-ed vowel, and af-fix the af-fix to the final syllable, and make aug-ment in the right place and aug-ment the word in Au-gust, and thus make the idea au-gust. Notes. 1. Be careful in placing the accent on the right syllable: ad-ver-tise-ment, al-lics, com-pen-sate, in-qui-ry, de-co-rus, or-tho-e-py, ar-is-toc-ra-cy, ac-cept-a-ble, Ar-e-op-a-gus, ac-ces-so cent-ed. ry, up-right-ly: for if you place the accent on the wrong vowel, you partially pervert the meaning, or render it ridiculous: as, I saw an august spectacle in August. 2. In singing, accent is always made by stress: and the first note of each full measure acLaconics. Labor is honorable in all, from the king on the throne to the mendicant in the street; and let him or her, who is ashamed to toil for themselves, or the benefit of their race, be more ashamed to consume the industry and labor of others, for which they do not render an equivalent. The rose had been washed, just washed in a shower, The cup was all filled, and the leaves were all wet, To weep for the buds-it had left with regret, I hastily seized it, unfit as it was For a nosegay, so dripping and drowned This elegant rose, had I shaken it less, Might have bloomed with its owner awhile: And the tear, that is wiped, with a little address, Proverbs. 1. Beware of reading, without thinking of the subject. 2. A man rarely deceives another but once. 3. A good paymaster is lord of another man's purse. 4. He is most secure from danger, who, even when conscious of safety, is on his guard. 5. The pitcher may go often to the makes good company. 7. Let every one choose, according to his own fancy. 8. A comparison—is no reason. 9. Your looking-glass-will tell you what none of your friends will. 10. The human heart wants something to be kind to. 11. Many hands make light work. 12. Ask your purse — what you shall buy. well, and be broken at last. 6. A good companion, Anecdote. Blundering on the Truth. An ignorant fellow, who was about to be married, resolved to make himself perfect in the responses of the marriage service; but, by mistake, he committed the office of bap tism for those of riper years: so, when the clergyman asked him, in the church, Wilt thou have this woman to thy wedded wife?" The bridegroom answered, in a very solemn tone; "I renounce them all." The astonished minister said-" I think you are a fool :-to which he replied, "All this I steadfastly believe." Analogies. As, in the succession of the seasons, each, by the invariable laws of nature, affects the productions of what is next in course; so, in human life, every period of our age, according as it is well or ill spent, influences the happiness of that which is to follow. Virtuous youth—generally brings forward accomplished and flourishing manhood; and such manhood passes off, without uneasiness, into respectable and tranquil old age. When nature is turned out of its regular course, disorder takes place-in the moral, just as in the vegetable World. If the spring-put forth no blossoms, in summer-there will be no beauty, and in the autumn-no fruit. If youth-be trifled away without improvement, manhood will be contemptible and old age-miserable. its latter end can be no other than vexation the beginnings of life-have been vanity,― of spirit.. If 2. Varieties. 1. Is there any such thing as time and space, in the world of mind? Any book that is worth reading once, is worth reading twice. 3. Most misfortunes -may be turned into blessings, by watching the tide of affairs. 4. When the wicked are in power, innocence and integrity are sure to be persecuted. 5. Give people proper books, and teach them how to read them, and they will educate themselves. 6. Unlimited powers-should not be trusted in the hands of any one, who is not endowed with perfection, more than human. 7. The truths of the Bible are the seeds of order; and as is the reception, such will be the produce. Faults in the life, breed errors in the brain, Proverbs. 1. Instead of saying "I can't," say "I will." 2. Acquire knowledge that may be useful. 3. If possible, remove your own difficulties. 4. Husband your time, and waste neither that, nor your money. 5. Try to exert a good 205. To accomplish the objects in view, the development and perfection of the voice for reading, speaking and singing, a great variety of exercises and examples, are introduced, containing sense and nonsense; and attention can be given to both kinds, accord-influence, wherever you are. 6. A little stone can ing to their uses. Let it be remembered, that the forty-four sounds of the language are the fountains, from which are to flow every stream of elocution and music: and these are continually before us. No one can succeed in silently reading, or thinking over the subjects: practice is the great thing; therefore, frequently repeat the sounds, read by vowels, spell by sounds, and exercise in accent and emphasis, with all the other modifications. 206. They con-cert a plan to get up a concert, and as they con-cord the con-cords of the notes, they con-crete the con-crete tones with such admirable con-duct, as to con-duct the whole to the satisfaction of the audience. He con-fects the sugar with delicious con-fects, although he con-fines his efforts to the confines of the room; and without con-flic-ting in any serious con-flict, he con-serves the conserves in such a way as to con-sort with his con-sort without con-test-ing with any serious con-test. I will con-text the con-text, so as to con-tract the con-tract-ing in a strong con-tract, the con-vent, so as to con-vent its inmates, while they con-verse in familiar con verse. make a great bruise. 7. Unwearied diligence the point will gain. 8. Cultivate good domestic habits. 9. Some rather reflect truth than practice it. 10. Man is a mi-cro-cosm, or little world. 11. Winter finds what Summer conceals. 12. Two of a trade seldom agree. Important. Let the orator consider him self the connecting link, or medium, between the mental and natural world: i. e. that the spiritual world is progressing down into the material world; and that all his muscles and vocal powers are the proper organs, thro' which it is to flow. Hence, the necessity of developing and training, perfectly, those mediums of communication, that every thing in the matter, may tell, effectually, in the manner. Much, very much depends upon the state of his own mind; for, according to that will be the influence shed abroad on the minds of others. Conceive yourself the rep resentative of a vast concourse of associated minds, and be the true representative of your constituents. Varieties. 1. Are fictitious writings beneficial? 2. E-go-tism (or self-commendation,) is always disgusting, and should be carefully 207. Among the more difficult acquisi- avoided. 3. A man cannot call a better phytions, is the ability to prolong sounds in sician than himself, if he will take all the strongly marked accented and emphatic good advice he gives to others. 4. Why is the words, involving the kindlier feelings of our human mind like a garden? because you can nature; to succeed in which, practice single sow what seeds you please in it. 5. Good long vowel sounds in separate words, and al- and bad fortune are necessary, to prepare us so in short and long phrases; as ale; to meet the contingencies of life. 6. Be not are; all; ee-1; i— -le; o too much afraid of offending others, by telling ld; ooze; mute; pu- -ss; oi-1; the truth: nor stoop to flattery nor meanour; also, old armed chair; wheel to the ness, to gain their favor. 7. The whole outright; roll the flames and join the muse; ward creation, with its every particular and glowing hope; praise the lofty dome. movement, is but a theatre and scene of effects, brought forth into existence, and moved by interior spiritual causes, proper to the spiritual world. Notes. 1. The attempt is not made any where, to give a perfect notation of the manner in which one is to read; and some words are more or less emphatic, that are printed in common type; while certain words, which are not very important as to meaning, are printed in italics. 2. Never mind the rough appear ance of the examples; but make them smooth in your delivery. Anecdote. Self-love. The first consideration of a knave is-how to help himself; and the second, how to do it with an appearance of helping others. Dionysius, the ty rant, stripped the statue of Jupiter Olympus, of a robe of massy gold, and substituted a cloak of wool, saying-" Gold is too cold in winter, and too heavy in the summer-it behooves us to take care of Jupiter." When was public virtue to be found, Can he love the whole, Who loves no part? He-be a nation's friend, Who, in truth, is the friend of no man there? | To the curious eye But, silent and alone, puts on her suit, Proverbs. 1. Show me a liar, and I will show you a thief. 2. The best mode of instruction is-to practice what we teach. 3. Vain glo 208. The question is often asked-which receives the accent, the vowel or the consonant? The reply is, sometimes one, and at others, both, when they are connected. In a-ry blossoms, but never bears. 4. Well to judge, ble, the accent is all on a; in no-ble, the n depends on well to hear. 5. He who is wicked and o receive the accent, but principally the in the country, will be wicked in the town. 6. He who preaches war, is the devil's chaplain. o; in pre-sume, the accent is mostly on u; 7. You will never have a friend, if you must and is imparted to s and m, terminating on the m. Although this fact is perfectly obvi- have one without failings. 8. A bad man in office, is a public calamity. 9. That war only is ous, yet one book that purports to have pass-just, which is necessary. 10. The worst of law ed through seven editions, insists that vowels is, that one suit breeds twenty. 11. Be not ruinare never accented. I would ask that author, ed by your neglect. 12. Ignorance is a misfortune what letter receives the accent of the proper name A-i in the Bible, since it has two syllables, and yet there are no consonants. Let us beware of wrong guides as well as blind ones. Anecdote. An Unwelcome Visitor. A person, who often intruded himself in a reading-room and library, to which he was not a subscriber, had his pet dog turned out by the crusty old sexton; who gave him a kick, saying-"you are not a subscriber at any rate." The intruder took the hint; and never appeared again in the establishment, till he became a patron. 209. Half accented vowel sounds. There is an inferior, or half accent, on certain words of three or more syllables, which should be observed; and, although given distinctly, must be kept within the vanish of the accent. ed ones. The dem-o-CRAT-ic con-ver-sa-tion HORACE, a celebrated Roman poet, relates, re-spect-ing the ti-a-ra was het-e-ro-GE-ne-us that a countryman, who wanted to pass a to a dem-on-STRA-tion; a met-a-PHIS-i-cal river, stood loitering on the banks of it, in the hyp-O-CHON-dria is rec-om-MEN-da-to-ry of su- foolish expectation, that a current so rapid per-a-BUN-dant prod-i-GAL-i-ty: the in-com- would soon discharge its waters. But the pre-HEN-si-ble plen-i-po-TEN-ti-a-ry is an am-stream still flowed, (increased perhaps by pli-fi-ca-tion of hy-dro-PHO-bi-a; the per-per- fresh torrents from the mountains,) and it dic-u-LAR-i-ty of the gen-er-al-Is-si-mo, and the mag-na-NIM-i-ty of the phil-an-THROP-ical re-ca-pit-u-LA-tion was char-ac-ter-is-tic of the in-cor-rup-ti-BIL-i-ty of his in-conSID-er-a-ble-ness. must forever flow; because the source from which it is derived, is inexhaustible. Thus, the idle and irresolute youth, trifles over his books, or squanders, in childish pursuits, his precious moments, deferring the business of improvement, (which at first might be rendered easy and agreeable, but which, by delay, becomes more and more difficult,) until the golden sands of opportunity have all run, and he is called to action, without possessing the requisite ability. 3. Varieties. 1. Has the invention of gunpowder been beneficial to the world? The mind, like the soil, rises in value, according to the nature and degree of its cultivation. Labor and prudence, relieve us from three great evils,-vice, want, and indolence. 4. A wise man reflects, before he speaks; a foolish one speaks, and then reflects on what he has said. 5. Our happiness does not consist in being without passions, but in having command of them. 6. Good-is never more effectually accomplished, than when produced by slow degrees. 7. True charity-cannot be conjoined to a persuasion of falsity, flow 210. The mere mention of Oratory, reminds us of the early times of Egypt, Greece, and Rome; when there flourished a LEVITE, who was an important instrument in delivering an ancient people from captivity; one of whose qualifications for his high office, was, that he could "speak well;"-a Demosthenes, the magic, music, and witchery of whose elequence, it is impossible to translate or describe;-a Cicero, whose oratory was copious, correct, ornate, and magnificent ;-each of whom was pre-eminent in his own style and manner, the Grecian-carrying the citadel by storm, and the Roman taking it after a regular and most beautifully conducted siege; -of a Peter, and Paul, pleading in the cause of Heaven, and holding vast multitudes in breathless silence, making even Judges tremble in their high places;-of more modern times, whose history presents us the name of a Chatham, a Burke, and a Fox, in the as-ing from evil. sembly; and those of a Bourdaloue, Massillon, Bridane, and Whitfield, in the pulpit; also the orators of our own time and land; some of whom, in many respects, will not suffer by a comparison with any of their illustrious predecessors. Praising-what is lost, Makes the remembrance-dear. There's quiet-in the deep :— And earth-born whirlwinds-wake the wave; 3. The 211. Unaccented Vowels. There is great | Proverbs. 1. Our best security consists in beauty in pronunciation, where each letter, innocence, and the cheering influence of approvthat is not silent, tells upon the ear its true ing conscience. 2. Tardiness and precipitation character, and all contribute to produce the are extremes equally to be avoided. desired effect: hence, the great necessity of brave may fall, but never yield. 4. Books alone giving to all letters, syllables, and words, can never teach the use of books. 5. Common fame-is often a common liar. 6. Words-are their proper sounds; especially, the vowels, leaves; deeds are fruits. 7. Deserve success, and whether long or short, accented or unaccentyou shall command it. 8. False friends are ed: as, on the pres-ent oc-ca-sion I shall not worse than open enemies. 9. Goodness alone, at-tempt to prej-u-dice your o-pin-ions or e-enriches the possessor. 10. He who avoids the mo-tions to ac-com-plish my ob-jects; is it temptation, avoids the sin. 11. Knowledge is no pos-si-ble, the ter-ri-ble of-fence of the gen-er- burden. 12. Man proposes, and God disposes. al, in ref-er-ence to the man-u-scripts, is partic-u-lar-ly con-spic-u-ous in the red-o-lent | can-o-py of heav-en! the del-e-gate re-quests me to give an oc-cu-lar ed-u-ca-tion to his deli-cate child, and be par-tic-u-lar in its e-nunci-a-tion and pro-nun-ci-a-tion. 212. A con-vert is one, who is con-vert-ed from one side to another, and a con-vict is one who has been con-vic-ted of some crime. The con-voy con-voyed the king to his throne, and placed a cor-o-nal on his co-ro-nal brow. I will coun-ter-bal-ance that coun-ter-bal-ance, and coun-ter-buff the enemy's coun-ter-buff. They will coun-ter-charge the coun-ter-charge on England, and coun-ter-charm the broker's coun-ter-charm, while we coun-ter-check the private's coun-ter-check. The general counter-mands his officer's coun-ter-mand, as we coun-ter-march our coun-ter-march. We will coun-ter-plot your coun-ter-plots, and coun-ter-mine your coun-ter-mines. He counter-poised their coun-ter-poise, and coun-tervaited their coun-ter-vail. Notes. 1. Different words, as well as the same words, may be accented on different vowels, according to the object contemplated; thus-vi-brate, pro-pose, brig-ade, hus-band, au-gust, au-gust, com-pound. 2. The accent is generally on the roof, or theme of the word; but sometimes on the subordinate part. 3. In reading poetry, the accent may be different from what it would be in prose, for the sake of the melody of the verse. 4. Remember, vowels must be prolonged on their radical parts, not on their vanishing movements. 5. Observe how lively, varied and interesting a passage is, when pronounced with proper accentual force; and see how insipid and monotonous without it. 6. Always let your accent be well marked and sustained; then your delivery will be brilliant, sprightly and effective. Do Anecdote. Undergoing a great hardship. During a trial in Court, where judge Parsons presided, a lawyer desired to know what a witness meant by keel-hauling. 26 you not know?" replied the judge; "he means that it is undergoing a great hard ship, to be sure!" Fare thee well! the ship is ready, Woman. What a consoler is woman! None but her presence can so win a man from his sorrow, make placid the knit brow, and wreathe the stern lip into a smile. The soldier becomes a lightsome boy at her feet; the anxious statesman-smiles himself back to free-hearted youth beside her; and the still and shaded countenance of care-brightens beneath her influence, as the closed flower blooms in the sunshine. Varieties. 1. What is truth? Heaven and earth, are interested in this momentous question. 2. Flee from sloth; for the indolence of the soul, is the decay of the body. 3. Eloquence is of two kinds,-that of the heart, which is called divine; and that of the head, which is made up of conceit and sophistry. 4. It is no small grief to one's good nature, to try his friends. 5. Talk not of the love that outlives adversity; the love, that remains with it, is a thousand times more rare. 6. Deliberate with caution, and act with precision; yield with grace, and oppose with firmness. 7. The internal man is formed in the body, as a tree in the ground, or a seed in the fruit. AUTUMN EVENING. The winds-breathe low, the withering leaf But soon-the morning's happier light And eyelids, that are sealed in death Is always mild, propitious, and humane; Proverbs. 1. Make provision for want in time of plenty. 2. Live and let live-is a good 3. Of all flatterers, self-love is the motto. greatest. 4. Perspicuity is inseparable from eloquence. 5. Restraint from ill is the best kind of freedom. 6. Sin and sorrow are inseparable companions. 7. Speech is the gift of all; thought of but few. 8. That which opposes right, must ed parents. 10. No one can tell how much he can accomplish, till he tries. 11. The hand of the diligent maketh rich. 12. Ill got―ill spent. Anecdote. Dangerous Biting. Dioge be wrong. 9. Undutiful children-make wretch 213. A too frequent recurrence of accented vowels, occasions a heavy utterance, in consequence of the almost continual succession of vocal efforts: it is seen and felt in words, particularly the monosyllables, and in sentences, or members of sentences, and is the cause of the slow rate in the movement of the voice. Exs. "And ten low words oft creep in one dull line. O'er hills, o'er dales, o'er crags, o'er rocks, they go. Up the high hill he heaves a huge round stone." Whenever accent occurs frequently, there is always a predominance of quantity; and the delivery, of neces-nes, of old, being one day asked, the biting of sity, is much slower. Now here we have positive evidence that monosyllables have accent. Our best authors use the shortest words, which are usually of Saxon origin; hence, the charm, the witchery of certain speakers and writers. what beasts is the most dangerous, replied,— "If you mean wild beasts, it is that of the slanderer; if tame ones, of the flatterer.” True Empire. It is pleasant to be virtuous and good; because, that is to excel many others; it is pleasant to grow better; be214. He des-cants upon the des-cant of cause that is to excel ourselves; is pleasthe preacher, who de-serts his post, and goes ant to mortify and subdue our lusts, because into the desert, to live on spicy des-serts. that is victory;-it is pleasant to command I will di-gest the di-gest, although I dis-cord our appetites and passions, and to keep them every thing like dis-cord; I will also dis- in due order, within the bounds of reason and count the note for a reasonable dis-count, be- religion,-because-that is empire. cause he asked me down-right, in a downright manner. 5. Varieties. 1. Are Rail-Roads and Canals, a benefit to the country? 2. He, who 215. Education means the development, is slowest in making a promise, is generally perfection, and proper use of the body and the most faithful in performing it. 3. When mind: it relates to the training and guardi-a teacher is to be hired, there is generally a anship of youth, from infancy to mature age terrible pressure in the money market. 4. -to the influencing of the character and Un-educated mind is ed-ucated vice. prospects, not only of individuals, but of They, who love flattery, are in a fair way to nations. The highest powers and noblest repent of their weakness; yet how few are sentiments of our nature might remain for-proof against its attacks. 6. If others attribever dormant, were they not developed and ute more to us than is our due, they are matured by the instruction and example of either designing or mistaken; and, if they the wise and good. In a still wider sense, allow us less, they are envious or ignorant; education may mean the whole training of and, in both cases should be disregarded. the thoughts and affections by inward reflec-7. The Lord is ever present in the human tion and outward events and actions, by in- soul, and we are tried every moment in all tercourse with men, "by the spirits of the we will, think, do, hear, or say. just made perfect"-by instruction from the WORD, and the training the whole man for life and immortality. Notes. 1. It would be extremely difficult, considering the partially developed and cultivated state of the voice, ear, and language, to give definite rules for pronouncing the unaccented vowels, in consequence of their verging towards each other in many words; of course, we must avoid too much stiffness on the one hand, and vulgarity on the other; the time will come, however, when every thing with regard to elocution will be as fixed and certain as in the science of music; which is as perfect as the science of numbers. 2. Never forget that without a good articulation, no one can become a correct reader, or speaker; and whatever other defects one may have, if he possess this excellence, he will be lis tened to with pleasure and profit: there is something very attractive and winning, in a clear, distinct and correct enunciation, which delights and captivates the soul. Let no one excuse himself from becoming perfect in this essential requisite. What-cannot patience do? A great design-is seldom match'd at once: From savage nature, 'Tis patience, that has built up human life, The nurse of arts; and Rome exalts her head, An everlasting monument to patience. CURRAN'S DAUGHTER-EMMET'S BETROTHED. But coldly she turns from their gaze, and weeps, She sings the wild songs-of her dear native plains, He had liv'd-for his love-for his country—he died; Oft I hear, Upon the silence of the midnight air, Impartial-as the grave, Sleep,--robs the cruel tyrant—of his power, |