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154. Reading-should be a perfect facsimile of correct speaking; and both exact copies of real life: hence, read just as you would naturally speak on the same subject, and under similar circumstances: so, that if any one should hear you, without seeing you, he could not tell whether you were reading or speaking. Remember that nothing is denied to industry and perseverance; and that nothing valuable can be obtained without

them.

155. The second sound of X is that of gz; generally, when it immediately precedes the accent, and is followed by a vowel sound, or the letter h, in words of two or more syllables; EXIST; the ex- [X in EXIST.] hor-ter is ex-haust-ed by his ex-u-ber-ant exor-di-um, and desires to be ex-on-er-a-ted from ex-am-in-ing the ux-o-ri-ous ex-ec-u

tive; an ex-act ex-am-in-a-tion into the ex-agger-a-tions of the aux-il-li-a-ries ex-hib-its a lux-u-ri-ant ex-ile, who ex-ist-ed an ex-ot-ic in ex-em-pla-ry ex-al-ta-tion.

156. The letters o, and e, in to and the, are long, before vowels, but abbreviated before consonants, (unless emphatic,) to prevent a hiatus. Th' man took the instrument and began t' play th' tune, when th' guests were ready to eat. I have written to Obadiah t' send me some of th' wheat, that was brought in th' ship Omar, and which grew on th' land belonging t' th' family of the Ashlands. Are you going from town? No I am going to town. Th' vessel is insured to, at and from

Proverbs. 1. If you would lend a man money, and make him your enemy, ask him for it again. 2. He that goes a borrowing, goes a sorrowing. 3. The innocent-often suffer through the indolence and negligence of others. 4. Two of a trade seldom agree. 5. When the Lord revives his work, the Devil revives his. swells in prosperity, will shrink in adversity. 7. It is human to err; but diabolical to persevere in error. 8. For a cure of ambition, go in the church

6. He that

yard, and read the gravestones. 9. Better get in the right path late, than never. 10. A real friend is discerned in a trying case. 11. Every one can acquire a right character. 12. Two wrongsdon't make a right.

Anecdote. Zeno-was told, that it was disreputable for a philosopher to be in love. If that were true," said the wise man, "the fair sex are indeed to be pitied; for they would then receive the attention of fools alone."

tends to discompose or agitate the mind, Mental Violence. Everything which whether it be excessive sorrow, rage or fear, envy, or revenge, love or despair-in short, whatever acts violently on our mental faculties-tends to injure the health.

Varieties. 1. Washington-was born Feb. 22d, 1732, and died Dec. 14th, 1799; how old was he? 2. We cannot love those, whom we do not respect. 3. Order-is the same in the world, in man, and in the church; and man is an epitome of all the principles of order. 4. In factions, the most The good man has God in his heart, when ignorant are always the most violent. 5. he is not in his mouth: but the hypocritehas God in his mouth, without having him in his heart. 6. It is some hope of goodNotes. 1. To make this diphthongal vocal sound, close theness, not to grow worse; but it is a part of teeth as if to give the sound of C, and then bring into contact the

London.

posteriors, or the roots of the tongue, and back parts of the throat, and pronounce the imaginary word guz, several times; then omit the u, and pronounce the g, z, by themselves: g-z. 2. For the 3d

sound of X, see the third sound of C. 3. These elemental sounds was the favorite study among the ancients, of the greatest ability. 157. Sight Reading. To become a good reader, and a reader at sight, one must always let the eyes precede the voice a number of words; so that the mind shall have time, clearly, and distinctly, to conceive the ideas to be communicated; and also feel their influence this will give full play to the thoughts, as well as impart power from the affectuous part of the mind, to the body, for producing the action, and co-operation, of the right muscles and organs to manufacture the sounds and words. In walking, it is always best to see where we are about to step; it is equally so in reading, when the voice walks. Indeed, by practice, a person will be able to take in a line or two, in anticipation of the vocal effort: always look before you leap.

The high, the mountain-majesty-of worth-
Should be, and shall, survive its woe;
And, from its immortality,—look forth-
In the sun's face,-like yonder Alpine snow,
Imperishably pure-beyond all things below.

badness, not to grow better. 7. Why should
we seek that love, that cannot profit us, or
fear-that malice, that cannot hurt us?
WARREN'S ADDRESS AT THE BUNKER HILL BATTLE,
STAND! the ground's your own, my braves!
Will ye give it up to slaves?
Will ye look for greener graves?

Hope ye mercy still?
What's the mercy despots feel!
Hear it-in that battle peal!
Read it on yon bristling steel!

Ask it-ye who will.
Fear ye foes who kill for hire?
Will ye to your homes retire }
Look behind you! they're afire!

And before you, see
Who have done it!-From the vale-
On they come!—and will ye quail ?
Leaden rain and iron hail

Let their welcome be!

In the God of battles trust!
Die we may-and die we must:-
But, O! where-can dust-to dust
Be consigned so well,

As where heavens-its dews shall shed
On the martyr'd patriot's bed,
And the rocks shall raise their head,

Of his deeds to tell!

[PIERPONT.

the thing. 2. You cannot quench fire with tow. 3. There is no general rule without exceptions. 4. Happiness-is not in a cottage, nor in a palace, nor in riches, nor in poverty, nor in learning, nor in ignorance, nor in active, nor in passive life; but in doing right, from right motives. 5. Good intention-is not reformation. 6. It is self-conceit,

158. An accurate knowledge of these ele- | Proverbs. 1. The shorter answer-is doing mentary sounds, which constitute our vocal alphabet, and the exact co-operation of the appropriate organs to give them truly, are essential to the attainment of a good and efficient elocution. Therefore, be resolved to understand them thoroughly; and, in your various efforts to accomplish this important object, give precision and full force to every sound, and practice faithfully, and often, the difficult and rapid changes of the vocal powers, required by the enunciation of a quick succession of the muscle-breakers.

that makes a man obstinate. 7. To cure a fit of

passion, walk out in the open air. 8. Idle men know the value of money, earn it. 10. Hearts are dead, all their lives long. 9. If you would may agree, tho' heads-differ. 11. Beware of conso-home. 13. He that is warm, thinks others so. flirting and coquetry. 12. There is no place like

Anecdote. A Vain Mother. As a lady -was viewing herself in a looking-glass, she said to her daughter: "What would you give to be as handsome as I am?" Just as much, (replied the daughter,) as you would, to be as young as I am."

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159. The sound of Y, when a nant; YE: the year-ling youngster, yelled for the yel-low yolk, yes-ter-night, and yearn-ed in the yard o-ver the year-book till he yex'd: the yoke yields to your [Yin YE.] year-ling, which yearns for the yar-row in the yawls; you yerk'd your yeast from the The Poor. How few, even of professing yawn-ing yeo-man yes-ter-day, and yet your-christians, are aware of the pleasure, arising self, of yore, yea, tho' young, yearn-ed o-ver from contributing to the support of the poor! the yes-ty yawn: Mr. Yew, did you say, or Is it not more blessed to give-than to redid you not say, what I said you said? be-ceive? But there are alms for the mind-as cause Mr. Yewyaw said you never said what I said you said: now, if you say that you did not say, what I said you said, then pray what did you say?

well as for the body. If we duly considered our relations, and our destinies, instead of giving grudgingly, or wanting to be called upon, we should go out in search of the destitute and ignorant, and feel that we were per

while sharing the gifts of his providence with our fellow-beings, who are as precious in his sight-as we fancy ourselves to be: for he does not regard any from their external situation, but altogether from their internal state.

160. The first step to improvement is, to awaken the desire of improvement: whatev-forming the most acceptable service to God, er interests the heart, and excites the imagination, will do this. The second is a clear and distinct classification of the principles, on which an art is based, and an exact expression of them, in accordance with this classification; indeed, all the arts and sciences should be seen in definite delineations, thro' a language which cannot well be misunderstood.

161. Irregulars. E, I, J, and U, occasionally have this sound; Eu-rope al-ien-ates the con-spic-u-ous cult-ure of her na-iads, and, like a dis-guised creat-ure, eu-lo-gi-ses her ju-nior court-iers for their brilliant genius: the virt-u-ous christ-ian sold-ier, in spirit-u-al un-ion with the mill-ions of Nat-ure, shouts with eu-cha-ris-tic grand-eur, eu-phoni-ous hal-le-lu-jahs, which are fa-mil-iar-ly read, throughout the volume of the U-ni

verse.

Varieties. 1. American independencewas acknowledged by Great Britain, Jan. 19, 1783; and the treaty of Ghent signed, Dec. 24, 1814. 2. Never do an act, of which you doubt the justice. 3. Nothing can be a real blessing, or curse, to the soul, that is not made its own by appropriation. 3. How sharper-than a serpent's tooth it is 4. Let every man be the champion of right. to have a thankless child. 6. All science has its foundation in experience. 7. Happy are the miseries that end in joy; and blessed are the joys, that have no end. Ay, I have planned full many a sanguine scheme of earthly happiness; * **

And it is hard

To feel the hand of death-arrest one's steps,
Throw a chill blight—on all one's budding hopes,
And hurl one's soul, untimely, to the shades,
Lost in the gaping gulf of blank oblivion.

Notes. To give this vocal sound, nearly close the teeth, with the lips turned out as in making long e, (see engraving,) and drawlingly pronounce the word yet, protracting the sound of the y thus, yet; yon. 2. For the two other sounds of y, see the two sounds of i; rhyme, hymn; isle, ile. 3. Yis a consonant at the beginning of a word or syllable, except in y-clad, (e-clad,) y-Fifty years hence, and who will think of Henry? clept, (e-clept) 'yt-ri-a, (it-ri-a,) Yp-si-lan-ti, (Ip-si-lan-ti,) the name Oh, none!-another busy brood of beings of a town in Michigan. 4. In prod-uce, u has its name sound; Will shoot up in the interim, and none and in volume, it has this con-so-nant sound of y preceding it; in the first, it is preceded by an abrupt element: in the second, by Will hold him in remembrance.—

an open one.

If I could find some cave unknown,
Where human feet have never trod,
Even there-I could not be alone,

On every side-there would be God.

I shall sink,
As sinks a stranger-in the crowded streets
Of busy London :-some short bustle's caused,
A few inquiries, and the crowd close in,
And all's forgotten.

[H. K. WHITE

162. Many consider elocution merely as an Proverbs. 1. Humility-gains more than accomplishment, and that a desultory, in-pride. 2. Never be weary in well-doing, 3. Exstead of a systematic attention, is all that is pect nothing of those who promise a great deal. necessary. A regular, scientific and progres-4. Grieving for misfortunes, is adding gall to sive course, in this as well as every thing else, is the only correct, effectual, and rapid mode of proceeding. If improvement be the object, whether we devote little, or much attention, to a pursuit, be it mental or manual, system and method are absolutely essential: order is heaven's first, and last law.

mormwood. 5. He, who would catch fish, must not mind getting wet. 6 He that by the plow would thrive, must either hold, himself, or drive. 7. Idleness-is the greatest prodigality in the world. 8. If the counsel be good, no matter who gave it. 9. Occupation-cures one half of life's troubles, and mitigates the other. 10. We bear no afflictions so patiently as those of others. 11.

163. One of the three sounds of Ch; Let Nature have her perfect work. 12. Soft

which may be represented by tch:
CHANGE; the cheat choked a
child for choos-ing to chop a chump
of chives for the arch-deacon of
Green-wich: a chap chased a [CH in CHIP.]
chick-en into the church, and the churl-ish
chap-lain check'd it for char-i-ty; the Sa-
chem of Wool-wich, chuck-led over the ur-
chin's chit-chat, and snatched his rich peach-
es, and pinch'd them to chow-der; the chief
of Nor-wich, charm'd by the chaunt-ing of
the chirping chough, chafed his chil-ly chin
by touch-ing it on the chal-ky chim-ney:
three chub-by chil-dren, in Richfield, were
each choked with choice chunks of cheese,
much of which Sancho Panza purchased of
Charles Chickering on Chimborazo.

hands, and soft brains, generally go together.

To speak of Howard, the philanthropist, without calling to mind the eloquent eulogium, in which Burke has embalmed his memory, would be as impossible-as it would be to read that eulogium without owning that human virtue never received a more illus. trious manifestation. "Howard," said the

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orator, was a man, who traversed foreign countries, not to survey the sumptuousness of palaces, or the stateliness of temples; not to make accurate measurements of the remains of ancient grandeur, nor to form a scale of the curiosity of modern art; not to collect medals, or manuscripts; but, to dive into the depths of dungeons; to plunge in the infection of hospitals; to survey the mansions of sorrow and pain; to take the

and contempt; to remember the forsaken; and to compare and collate the distresses of all men, under all climes." In the prosecution of this god-like work, Howard made

44

a voyage of discovery, a circumnavigation of charity," and at last-fell a victim to his humanity; for, in administering medicine to some poor wretches in the hospital at Cherson, in the Crimea, he caught a malignant fever, and died in the glorious work of bene

volence. Thus fell the man who

164. In all cases of producing sounds, ob-guage and dimensions of misery, depression, serve the different positions of the organs, and remember, that the running through with the forty-four sounds of our language, is like running up the keys of an instrument, to see if all is right: be satisfied with nothing, short of a complete mastery over the whole subject. Be very particular in converting all the breath that escapes into sound, when reading or singing; and remember, that the purer the sound, the easier it may be made; the less will be the injury to the vocal organs, the farther it will be heard, and with the more pleasure will it be listened to. Do not forget the end, the cause, and the effect. Varieties. 1. To promote an unworthy Notes. 1. To produce this most unpleasant triphthongal person-disgraces humanity. 2. Read not sound in our language, close the teeth, and, as you suddenly separ-books alone, but men; and, especially, thyate them, whisper chu, (u short,) and you will accomplish the object. 2. In drachm, the ch, are silent. 3. Always try to improve the sounds as well as your voice. 4. Quinctilian says, in recommending a close attention to the study of the simple elements, will find many things, not only proper to sharpen the ingenuity of children, but able to exercise the most profound erudition, and the deepest science:" indeed, they are the fountains in the science of

"whoever will enter into the inmost recesses of this sacred edifice,

sound and vocal modulation.

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"Girding creation-in one warm embrace,

Outstretch'd his savior-arm-from pole to pole,
And felt akin-to all the human race."

self. 3. The human mind is a mirror-of
the incomprehensible Divinity. 4. No one
need despair of being happy. 5. The rea-
son, that many persons want their desires,
18-because their desires want reason. 6.
Passions-act as wind, to propel our vessel;
and our reason-is the pilot that steers her:
without the wind, we could not move, and
without the pilot, we should be lost. 7.
The more genuine-the truths are, which
we receive, the purer will be the good, that
is found in the life; if the truths are applied
to their real and proper uses.

What, then, remains, but well our power to use,
And keep good humor still, whate'er we lose?
And trust me, dear, good humor can prevail,
When airs, and flights, and screams, and scolding-fail:
Beauties-in vain, their pretty eyes may roll;
Charms-strike the sight; but merit-wins the soul.

165. Vowel sounds are all formed in the Proverbs. 1. Youth-indulges in hope; old LARYNX; and, on their emission, the articu-age-in remembrance. 2. One half of the world lating organs modify them into words. These words constitute language, which is used, by common consent, as signs of ideas; or as mediums for the manifestation of thought and feeling: it may be written, or spoken; and the natural results are-books, papers and conversation: by means of which, the conceptions and affections of human minds are made known and perpetuated.

166. Th have two sounds; first a lisping sound; THIN: a thief thirsteth for the path of death, and win-keth at his thank-less thefts, as the a-the-ist doth of the-o-reti-cal truth; forth-with the thrift- [TH in THIN.] less throng, threw thongs over the mouth of Frith of Fourth, and thwar-ted the wrath of the thrilling thun-der; faith, quoth the youth, to the Pro-thon-o-ta-ry, the bath is my berth, the hearth is my cloth, and the heath is my throne.

delights in uttering slander, and the other-in
hearing it. 3. Virtue-is the only true nobility.
4. To bless, is to be bless'd. 5. Pleasures-are
rendered bitter, by being abused. 6. Quarrels—
would not last long, if the faults all lay on one
side. 7. True merit-is dependent, neither on
8. Hypocrisy is the
season, nor on fashion.
homage, which vice-renders to virtue. 9. The
law-imposes on no one impossibilities. 10. Con-
tempt of injuries, is proof of a great mind. 11.
What! hope for honey from a nest of wasps?
12. Shall we creep like snails, or fly like eagles?

Anecdote. A stranger-went into a church-yard, where two children were setting out flowers on some graves. "Whose graves are these?" said he. "Father, mother, and little Johnny lie here." "Why do you set the flowers here?" said the stranger. They looked at him with tears, and said— "We do love them so."

checked among us, it will be the ruin of our country as it has been, and will be, the ruin of thousands of others. But there are always two sides to a question. If it is per

Human ambition and human policy-labor after happiness in vain;-goodness is the 167. Ventriloquism. In analyzing the only foundation to build on. The wisdom sounds of our letters, and practicing them of past ages-declares this truth;—our own observation confirms it;-and all the world upon different pitches, and with different acknowledge it;-yet how few, how very qualities of voice, the author ascertained that few-are willing to act upon it! If the inthis amusing art can be acquired and prac-ordinate love of wealth-and parade-be not ticed, by almost any one of common organization. It has been generally supposed that ventriloquists possessed a different set of organs from most people; or, at least, that they were differently constituted; but this is altogether a misapprehension: as well might we say that the singer is differently constituted from one who does not sing. They have the same organs, but one has better command of them than the other. It is not asserted that all can become equally eminent in these arts; for there will be at least, three grand divisions; viz, good, BETTER and BEST.

168. The Thistle Sifter. Theophilus Thistle, the successful thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles thro' the thick of his thumb: if then Theophilus Thistle, the successful thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles thro' the thick of his thumb; see that thou, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted thistles, dost not thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of thy thumb: success to the successful thistle sifter, who doth not get the thistles in his tongue.

Notes. 1. To make this lisping diphthongal sound, press the tongue against the upper front teeth, and let the breath pass between them: or pronounce the word path, and dwell on the th sound; see engraving. 2. To avoid lisping, draw the tongue back so as not to touch the teeth, and take words beginning with s, or st; see the first sound of C for examples. 3. Why should this sound be called sharp, rather than dull? 4. Exactness in articulating every vocal letter, is more important than correct spelling in composi tion; for the former is addressed to hundreds at the same instant, while the latter is submitted to one or a few at a time.

nicious -to make money and style-the and wrong-to foster prejudice against the standard of respectability, it is injuriouswealthy and fashionable. Poverty - and wealth-have different temptations; but they are equally strong. The rich-are tempted to pride-and insolence; the poor-to jealousy-and envy. The envious and discontented poor, invariably become haughtyand over-bearing, when they become rich; for selfishness-is equally at the bottom-of these opposite evils.

Varieties. 1. The battle of New Orleans, was fought Jan. 8th, 1815. 2. A flatterer, is the shadow of a fool. 3. You canne. ruly love, and ought not to be loved, 5. Do men exert a greater influence on soif you ask any thing, that virtue condemns. ciety than women? 5. Self-exaltation, is the worst posture of the spirit. 6. A principle of unity, without a subject of unity, cannot exist. 7. Where is the wisdom, in saying to a child, be a man? Attempt not what God cannot countenance; but wait, and all things will be brought forth in their due season.

Deceit! thy reign is short: Hypocrisy,
However gaily dress'd-in specious garb,
In witching eloquence, or winning smiles,
Allures-but for a time: Truth-lifts the veil,
She lights her torch, and places it on high,
To spread intelligence-to all around.
How shrinks the fawning slave-hypocrisy-
Then, when the specious veil-is rent in twain,
Which screen'd the hideous monster-from our view

169. Enunciation-is the utterance and Proverbs. 1. A promise performed, is precombination of the elements of language, and ferable to one made. 2. It will not always be the consequent formation of syllables, words, summer. 3. Make hay, while the sun shines. &c, as contradistinguished from the tones, 4. Cut your coat according to the cloth. 5. Pride and tuning of the voice, and all that belongs costs us more than hunger, thirst, or cold. 6. to the melody of speech. A perfect enuncia- Never spend your money before you have it. 7. tion-consists in the accurate formation of Never trouble another, for what you can do yourthe sounds of the letters, by right motions self. 8. Slanderers-are the Devil's bellows, to blow up contention. 9. The loquacity of foolsand positions of the organs, accompanied by is a lecture to the wise. 10. Vows made in a proper degree of energy, to impress those storms, are forgotten in calms. 11. We must form elements fully and distinctly on the ear; and our characters for both worlds. 12. Progressthe act of combining and linking those to- is the great law of our being. gether, so as to form them into words, capable of being again combined into clauses and sentences, for the full conveyance of our ideas and determinations.

170. The second sound of th, is the vocal lisping: THAT; thou saidst the truths are thine, and the youths say they are theirs who walk therein; father and moth-er bathe dai-ly, and their clothes and hearths are wor-thy (TH in THAT of them; brother says, where-with-al shall I smoothe the scythe, to cut the laths to stop the mouths of the moths with-out be-ing bothered? they gath-er wreaths be-neath the baths, and sheathe their swords with swath-ing bands, rather than make a blith-some pother. 171. Jaw-breakers. Thou wreath'd'st and muzzl'd'st the far-fetch'd ox, and imprison'd'st him in the volcanic Mexican mountain of Pop-o-cat-a-petl in Co-ti-pax-i. Thou prob'd'st my rack'd ribs. Thou trifl'd'st with his acts, that thou black'n'st and contaminated'st with his filch'd character. Thou lov'd'st the elves when thou heard'st and quick'd'n'st my heart's tuneful harps. Thou wagg'd'st thy prop'd up head, because thou thrust'd'st three hundred and thirty three thistles thro' the thick of that thumb,

that thou cur'd'st of the barb'd shafts.

Notes. 1. To make this diphthongal vocal sound, place the organs as in the preceding th, and then add the voice sound, which can be made only in the larynx. 2 The terms sharp and flat, as applied to sound, are not sufficiently definite; we might as well speak of square, round and dull sounds; at the same time it is often convenient to use such terms, in order to convur ideas.

3. If you have imperfections of articulation, set apart an hour every day for practice, in direct reference to your specific defects; and so of every other fault; particularly, of rapid utterance: this can be done either alone, or in company of those who can assist you. Sky, mountains, rivers, winds, lakes, lightnings!-Ye, With night, and clouds, and thunder, and a soul To make these felt and feeling; the far roll

Of your departing voices-is the knell

Of what in me is sleepless-if I rest.

Could I imbody and unbosom now

That which is most within me-could I wreak
My thoughts upon expression, and thus throw
Soul, heart, mind, passions, feelings strong or weak,
All that I would have sought, and all I seek,
Bear, know, feel, and yet breathe,-into one word,
And that one word were lightning, I would speak!--
But as it is-I live, and die, unheard,

With a most voiceless thought, sheathing it as a sword.

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A Puzzle. Here's a health to all those that we love; and a health to all those that love us; and a health to all them, that love those, that love them, that love them that love those that love us.

Anecdote. Half Mourning. A little girl, hearing her mother observe to another lady, that she was going into half mourning; inquired, whether any of her relations were half dead?

have riches in their possession, that are realWhat is Ours. It is not those, who ly rich; but they, who possess, and use them aright, and thereby enjoy them. Is he a true christian, who has a Bible in his possession, but does not live by the Bible? Is he a genuine christian, who reads, but does not understand the word, and, from understanding, practice it? As well may one say, that they are rich, who have borrowed others in their possession. What do we money from others, or have the property of think of those, who go dressed in fine clothes, or ride in splendid carriages, while none of these things are their own property? Knowledges, or truths-stored up in the memory, are not ours, really and truly, unless we reduce them to practice: they are like hearsays of great travelers, of which nothing standing-does not make the man, but understanding and doing, or living accordingly. There must be an appropriation of knowledge and truth-by the affections, in deeds, or they are of no avail: "Faith, without works, is dead:" the same principle applies to a society, and to a church.

more than the sound reaches us.

Under

Varieties. 1. Burgoyne-surrendered, Oct. 17, 1777, and Cornwallis, Oct. 19, '81. 2. Happy is that people whose rulers-rule in the fear of God. 3. Remember the past, consider the present, and provide for the future. 4. He, who marries for wealth, sells his happiness for half price. 5. The covetous person is always poor. 6. If you would avoid wants, attend to every thing below you, around you, within you, and above you. 7. All the works of natural creation, are exhibited to us, that we may know the nature of the spiritual, and eternal; all things speak, and are a language.

He was not born-to shame ;

Upon his brow-shame—is ashamed to sit;

For 'tis a throne, where honor-may be crowned Sole monarch-of the universal earth.

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