424. Before entering on a consideration [ and illustration of the Passions, the pupil is urged to revise the preceding lessons and exercises; but do not be deceived with the idea, that thinking about them is enough, or reading them over silently; join practice with thought, and the effects are yours. One of the great difficulties in thinking about any art or science, and witnessing the efforts of others in their presentation, is-that one's taste is so far in advance of his own practice, that he becomes disgusted with it, and despairs of his success. Let us remember that nothing is truly our own, that we do not understand, love and practice.

HAMLET'S INSTRUCTIONS ON DELIVERY.

is

Proverbs. 1. Beauty is no longer amiable, than while virtue adorns it. 2. Past services should never be forgotten. 3. A known enemy better than a treacherous friend. 4. Don't engage in any undertaking, if your conscience says no to it. 5. Benefits and injuries receive their value from the intention. 6. We should give by choice, and not by hazard. 7. He, that does good to another, from proper motives, does good also to himself. 8. He that is false to God can never be true to man. 9. A good principle is sure to produce a good practice. 10. None are truly wise, but those that are pure in heart.

Anecdote. Contrary. A woman, having fallen into a river, her husband went to look for her, proceeding up stream from where she fell in. The bystanders asked him if he was mad? she could not have gone against the stream. The man answered:

She was obstinate and contrary in her lifetime, and I suppose for certain she is so at her death."

Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you; trippingly on the tongue. But if you mouth it, as many of our players do, I had as lief the town-crier had spoke my lines. And do not saw the air too much with your hand; but use all gently; for in the very torrent, tempest, and, as I may say, WHIRLWIND of your passion, you must Intuition. We cannot have an idea of acquire and beget a temperance, that may give it one, without the idea of another to which it smoothness. Oh! it offends me to the soul, to hear is related. We then get the idea of two, a robustious, periwig-pated fellow tear a passion by contemplating them both; referring, abto tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the stractly, to one of them. We say one and groundlings; who, (for the most part,) are capa-one are equal to two; one one, is less than ble of nothing, but inexplicable dumb-show and two ones; therefore, one does not equal two. noise. I would have such a fellow whipp'd for One and one, are the parts of two, and the o'erdoing termagant, it out-Herod's Herod. Pray parts of a thing are equal to the whole of it. you, avoid it. Be not too tame, neither; but letThus, we come to the knowledge of what your own discretion be your tutor. Suit the action-to the word, the word-to the action; with this special observance, that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature: for anything, so overdone, is from the purpose of playing; whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is--to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own

of nature's journeymen had made men, and not made them well; they imitated humanity so abominably.

has been called intuitive proposition, only by reasoning. When such a principle is clearly admitted, we cannot deny its truth, for a moment: but it is far from being, strictly speaking, an intuitive truth.

Varieties. 1. The virtues of the country are with our women, and the only remaining feature, scorn-her own image, and the very age hope of the resurrection of the genius and and body of the time, his form and pressure. Now, character of the nation, rests with them. 2. this overdone, or come tardy off, though it may The present-is the parent of the future. 3. make the unskillful laugh, cannot but make the The last words of the Indian chief, who "When judicious-grieve: the censure of one of which, died at Washington, in 1824, were, must, in your allowance, o'erweigh a whole thea-I am gone, let the big guns be fired over 4. Beware of turning away from dotre of others. Oh! there be players that I have me." seen play, and heard others praise, and that high would do, if you only had the means. 5. ing good, by thinking how much good you ly, that, neither having the accent of christian, nor The pleasure of thinking on important subthe gait of christian, pagan, nor man, have so jects, with a view to communicate our tho'ts strutted and bellowed, that I have thought some to the unfolding minds around us, is a most exquisite pleasure. 6. Principle and prac tice must go hand in hand, to make the man, or woman. 7. The time is fast ap425. TENDENCIES OF OUR LANGUAGE.proaching, when the mind will strike out As our language abounds in monosyllables, new fields, and view itself, its Creator, and it affords good means to deliver our thoughts the Universe from new positions. in few sounds, and thereby favors despatch, which is one of our characteristics; and when we use words of more than one syllable, we readily contract them some, by our rapid pronunciation, or by the omission of some vowel; as, drown'd, walk'd, dips; instead of drown-ed, walk-ed, dip-peth, &c.; and even proper names of several syllables, when familiarized, often dwindle down into monosyllables; whereas, in other languages, they receive a softer turn, by the addition of a new syllable.

HOPE.

Why do those cliffs of shadowy tint appear,
More sweet than all the landscapes shining near?
'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view,
And robes the mountain in its azure hue!
Thus with delight we linger to survey
The promis'd joys of life's unmeasur'd way;
Thus from afar, each dim discover'd scene,
More pleasing seems than all the past hath been,
And every form that fancy can repair,
From dark oblivion, glows divinely there.

426. A just delivery consists in a distinct | articulation of words, pronounced in proper tones, suitably varied to the sense, and the emotions of the mind; with due observation of accent, the several gradations of emphasis; pauses or rests in proper places, and well measured degrees of time; and the whole accompanied with expressive looks, and significant gestures. To conceive, and to execute, are two different things: the first may arise from study and observation; the second is the effect of practice.

Proverbs. 1. To fail, or not-to fail; that is the question. 2. He, that loveth pleasure, shall be a poor man. 3. Flattery is a dazzling meteor, that casts a delusive glare before the mental eye,. seduces the imagination, perverts the judgment, and silences the dictates of reason. 4. Mankind are governed more by feeling and impulse, than by reason and reflection. 5. Our duty and true interest, always unite. 6. An occasional hearty laugh, is often an act of wisdom. 7. No one can be great, who is not virtuous. 8. We make more than half the evils we feel. 9. No one can estimate the value of a pious, discreet, and faithful mother. 10. The boy-is the father of the man.

Anecdote. Tallow and Talent. Fletcher, bishop of Nesmes, was the son of a tallowchandler. A great duke once endeavored to mortify the prelate, by saying to him, at the

427. RULES FOR THE'. When questions are not answered by yes or no; as, Who is that lady? In AFFIRMATIVE sentences; as-I am prepared to go: language of AuTHORITY; as-Back to thy punishment, false fugitive: TERROR; as- -The light king's levee, that he smelt of tallow. To burns blue: SURPRISE; as-Sir, I perceive that thou art a prophet: REPREHENSION; as--You are very much to blame for suffering him to pass: INDIGNATION: Go-false fellow, and let me never see your face again: CONTEMPT; as-To live in awe of such a thing as I myself: EXCLAMATION: O nature! how honorable is thy empire! RHETORICAL DIALOGUE, when one or more persons are represented; as-James said, Charles, go and do as you were bidden; and John said, he need not go at present, for I have something for him to do: and the FINAL PAUSE; as— -All general rules have some exceptions.

428. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is there more than one God? 2. Was the world created out of nothing? 3. What is the meaning of the expression, "let us make man in our image, after our likeness ?" 4. By what means can we become happy? 5. Can we be a friend, and an enemy, at the same time? 6. Are miracles the most convincing evidences of truth? 7. Will dying for principles, prove any thing more than the sincerity of the martyr? 8. Is it possible for a created being to merit salvation by good works? 9. Have we life of our own; or are we dependent on God for it every moment? 10. What is the difference between good and evil? 11. Is any law independent of its maker? 12. Are miracles-violations of nature's laws?

4:29. Some think matter is all, and manner little or nothing; but if one were to speak the sense of an angel in bad words, and with a disagreeable utterance, few would listen to him with much pleasure or profit. The figure of Adonis, with an awkward air, and ungraceful motion, would be disgusting instead of pleasing.

Reader, whosoe'er thou art,

What thy God has given, impart ;
Hide it not within the ground;
Send the cup of blessing round.

which the bishop replied, "My lord, I am the son of a chandler, it is true, and if your lordship had been the same, you would have remained a chandler all the days of your life. Disinterestedness-is the very flower of all the virtues, a manifestation-in the heart of one who feels and acts from it, of heaven on earth,-the very reflection of the sun of Parudise. If mankind more generally, knew how beautiful it is to serve others, from the love of doing them good, there would not be so much cold and narrow selfishness in the world. When we have contributed most to the happiness of others, we are receptive ourselves of the most happiness.

Varieties, 1. Never repay kindness with unkindness. 2. Is pride-commendable? 3. No guarantee for the conduct of nations, or individuals, ought to be stronger than that which honor imposes. 4. True patriotism labors for civil and religious liberty all over the world-for universal freedom; the liberty and happiness of the human race. 5. What is charity, and what are its fruits? 6. When persons are reduced to want, by their own laziness, or vices, is it a duty to relieve them? 7. To read Milton's Paradise Lost, is the pleasure of but few. 8. The argu ment of the Essay on Man, is said to have been written by Bolingbroke, and versified by Pope. 9. Painting, Sculpture and Architecture are three subjects, on which nearly all persons, of polite education, are compelled to conceal ignorance, if they cannot display knowledge. 10. Is labor-a blessing, or a

a curse?

Music-oh! how faint, how weak!
LANGUAGE-fades before thy spell;
Why should feeling-ever speak,

When thou canst breathe her soul-so well.
Ah! why will kings-forget-that they are men,
And MEN, that they are brethren?
[the ties
Why delight-in human sacrifice! Why burst
Of NATURE, that should knit their souls together
In one soft band-of amity and love?

430. STYLE. The character of a person's | Maxims. 1. It does not become a law-maker, style of reading and speaking depends upon to become a law-breaker. 2. Friendship is stronger his moral perceptions of the ends, causes, and than kindred. 3. Idleness is the sepulchre of a liveffects of the composition: thus, STYLE maying man. 4. An orator, without judgment, is like a be considered the man himself, and, as every horse without a bridle. 5. He that knows when to one sees and feels, with regard to everything, speak, knows when to be silent. 6. The truest end according to the state or condition of his of life-is to know the life that never ends. 7. Wine has drowned more than the sea. 8. Impose mind, and as there are and can be no two not on others a burthen which you cannot bear persons alike; each individual will have a

yourself. 9. He overcomes a stout enemy, that overcomes his own anger. 10. Study mankind as well as books.

manner and style peculiar to himself; tho' in the main, that of two persons of equal education and intelligence, may be in a great Anecdote. Note of Interrogation (?). degree similar. Mr. Pope, the poet, who was small and de431. RULES FOR THE'. When ques-formed, sneering at the ignorance of a young tions are answered by yes or no, they gen- man, who was very inquisitive, and asked a erally require the. Exs. Are you well? good many impertinent questions, inquired Is he gone? Have you got your hat? Do of him if he knew what an interrogation you say yes? Can he accommodate me? point was? "Yes sir," said he, "it is a little Will you call and see me? But when the crooked thing, like yourself, that asks quesquestions are emphatic, or amount to an affir- tions." mative, the 'is used. Are you well? As much as to say tell me whether you are well. Is he gone? Have you done it? All given in an authoritative manner. Hath he said it, and shall he not do it? He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? Is he a man, that he should repent?

Ideas, acquired by taste-are compound and relative. If a man had never experi enced any change, in the sensation produced by external things, on the organs of taste, that which he now calls sweet, (if it had been the quality, subjected to the sense,) would have conveyed to the mind no possible idea; 432. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is the but, alternating with the quality we call bitcasket more valuable than the jewel? 2. ter, contrariety-produces the first impresWill not the safety of the community be en- sion, and he learns to distinguish the qualities dangered, by permitting the murderer to live? by names. The sensation-awakened by 3. Are theatres-beneficial to mankind? 4. Madeira wine, must be very acute, to enable Did Napolean do more hurt than good to the a man to discriminate, accurately, without a world? 5. Were the Texans right-in re- very careful comparison. Let a particular belling against Mexico? 6. Ought the license kind of Madeira wine remain a few years on system to be abolished? 7. Is animal mag- the lees of many other kinds, and who would netism true? 8. Who was the greatest mon-detect the compound flavor, but the contriver ? ster-Nero, or Catiline? 9. Should we act from policy, or from principle? 10. Is not the improvement of the mind, of the first importance?

Varieties. 1. Inspire a child with right feelings, and they will govern his actions: hence, the truth of the old adage, Example is better than precept. 2. The great difficulty Nature. Man is radiant with expressions. is, that we give rules, instead of inspiring Every feature, limb, muscle and vein, may sentiments; it is in vain to lead the undertell something of the energy within. The standing with rules, if the affections are not brow, smooth or contracted,―the eye, placid, right. 3. Benjamin West states, that his modilated, tearful, flashing, the lip, calm, quiv- ther kissed him, eagerly, when he showed her ering, smiling, curled, -the whole counten- the likeness he had sketched of his baby sisance, serene, distorted, pale, flushed, the ter; and, he adds,—that kiss made me a hand, with its thousand motions,-the chest, painter. 4. Lay by all scraps of material still or heaving, the attitude, relaxed or firm, things, as well as of knowledge, and they cowering or lofty,-in short, the visible char-will certainly come in use within seven years. acteristics of the whole external man,-are 5. Gain all the information you can, learn all NATURE'S HAND-WRITING; and the tones and qualities of the voice, soft, low, quiet, broken, agitated, shrill, grave, boisterous,-are her ORAL LANGUAGE: let the student copy and learn. Nature is the goddess, and art and science her ministers.

Since trifles-make the sum of human things,
And half our misery-from our foibles springs;
Since life's best joys-consist in peace and case,
And few-can save or serve, but all-can please;
O let the ungentle spirit-learn from hence,—
A small unkindness-is a great offence.

that comes in your way, without being intrusive, and provided it does not interfere with the faithful discharge of other duties. 6. It was a maxim of the great William Jones, never to lose an opportunity of learning anything.

A wise man poor,

Is like a sacred book, that's never read;
To himself he lives, and to all else seems dead:
This age-thinks better of a gilded fool,
Than of a threadbare saint-in wisdom's school.

433. STYLE. The numerous examples Maxims. 1. Punctuality begets confidence, given throughout this work, afford the neces- and is the sure road to honor and respect. 2. A sary means for illustrating all the principles picture is a poem, without words. 3. Sensible men of elocution: let the taste, and judgment, as show their sense, by saying much in few words. well as the abilities of the student-be test- 4. He, who thinks to cheat another, cheats himed by a proper selection and application of self. 5. Pride is easily seen in others; but we them. He must not expect too much from rarely see it in ourselves. 6. Wealth is not his others, nor take it unkindly, when thrown who gets it, but his who enjoys it. 7. A bad book is one of the worst of thieves. 8. Toleration upon his own resources: the best way to in- should spring from charity, not from indifference. crease our strength, is to have it often tested. 9. Too much prosperity makes most men fools. All who become orators, must make them-10. He, who serves God, has the best master in

selves orators.

434. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. If we do well, shall we not be accepted? 2. Which is more useful, fire, or water? 3. Ought cir

cumstantial evidence to be admitted in criminal cases? 4. Can we be too zealous in rightly promoting a good cause? 5. Which is worse, a bad education, or no education? 6. Are not bigotry and intolerance-as destructive to morality, as they are to common sense? 7. Are we not apt to be proud of that which is not our own? 8. Ought there not to be duties on imported goods, to encourage domestic manufactures? 9. Is slavery right? 10. Have steamboats been the cause of more good than evil?

the world. 11. One love drives another out. 12. Health is better than wealth.

Influence. Few are aware of the full ex

tent of meaning contained in this word. If we can measure the kind and quantity of influence, that every variety of heat and cold has on the world of matter; if we can tell the influence, that one individual has on another, one society on another, and one- nation on another, both for time and eternity; if we can estimate the influence, that spiritual beings have on one another, and on the human race, collectively, and separately; also the influence of the Great Spirit on all creation, then, we are able to see and realize the mighty meaning of this important word. 435. IGNORANCE AND ERROR. It is al- Contemplate and weigh the influence, that most as difficult to make one unlearn his er- different kinds of food and drink have on the rors, as to acquire knowledge. Mal-infor- human system, by being appropriated to its mation is more hopeless than non-informa- innumerable parts; the influence on body tion; for error is always more busy than ig- and mind of keeping and violating the laws norance. Ignorance-is a blank sheet, on of life, by thinking, feeling, and acting; the which we may write; but error-is a scrib-influence, which a good or bad person has on bled one, from which we must first erase. Ignorance is contented to stand still, with her back to the truth; but error-is more presumptuous, and proceeds in the same direction. Ignorance has no light, but error follows a false one. The consequence is, that error, when she retraces her footsteps, has farther to go, before she can arrive at the truth, than ignorance.

his associates and also their influence on others, through all coming time, as well as in the eternal world, and you will perceive something of the importance of ceasing to do evil, and learning to do well; of living and prac ticing what is good and true, and thereby being saved from all that is evil and false.

Varieties. 1. Lord Coke-wrote the fol

Anecdote. Virtue before Riches. The-lowing, which he religiously observed; "Six mistocles-had a daughter, to whom two men were wishing to make love; one-was very rich, but a simpleton, and the other-poor, but a very wise man: the father preferred the latter, saying, "I would rather have a man without riches, than riches without a man." The primal duties-shine aloft, like stars; The charities, that soothe, and heal, and bless, Are scattered at the feet of man, like flowers; The generous inclination, the just rule, Kind wishes, and good actions, and pure thoughts. No mystery is here; no special boon

For high, and not for low; for proudly graced,
And not for meek of heart. The smoke ascends
To heaven as lightly from the cottage hearth,
As from the haughty palace. He, whose soul
Ponders this true equality, may walk
The fields of earth-with gratitude and hope.

Our wishes lengthen-as our sun declines.

hours to sleep, to law's great study six, Four Wm. Jones, a wiser economist of the fleeting spend in prayer, the rest to nature fix." 2. hours of life, amended the sentiment thus; Seven hours to law, to soothing slumbers seven, Ten to the world allot, and all to heaven. 3. The truly beautiful and sublime are to be found within the regions of nature and probability: the false sublime sets to itself no bounds: it deals in thunders, earthquakes, tempests, and whirlwinds. 4. Is it any pain for a bird to fly, a fish to swim, or a boy to play? 5. Confound not vociferation with emphatic expression; for a whisper may be as discriminating as the loudest tones. 6. Speech-is the gift of God. 7. Order--is the same in the world, in man, and in the church; man-is an epitome of all the prin ciples of order.

436. STYLE, &c. To accomplish your object, study the true meaning and character of the subject, so as to express the whole, in such a way as to be perfectly understood and felt thus, you will transport your hearers to the scene you describe, and your earnestness raise them on the tiptoe of expectation, and your just arguments sweep everything

Maxims. 1. Revenge, however sweet, is dearly bought. 2. Life is half spent, before we know what it is to live. 3. The world is a workshop, and the wise only know how to use its tools. 4. A man is valued, as he makes himself valuable. 5. Heaven is not to be had, merely by wishing for it. 6. As often as we do good, we sacrifice. 7. Be careful to keep your word, even in the most trifling 8. Hearts may agree, tho' heads may dif fer. 9. Honest men are easily bound; but you can never bind a knave. 10. Experience keeps a dear

matter.

school; but fools will learn in no other.

Anecdote. Curious Patriotism. Some

before them like a MOUNTAIN torrent: to excite, to agitate, and delight, are among the most powerful arts of persuasion: but the impressions must be enforced on the mind by a command of all the sensibilities and sym-years ago, one of the convicts at Botany Bay, pathies of the soul. That your course may wrote a FARCE, which was acted with much be ever upward and onward, remember, none applause in some of the theatres. Barring but a GOOD man can be a perfect orator; un- ton, the notorious pick-pocket, wrote the corrupted and incorruptible integrity is one

of the most powerful engines of persuasion.prologue; which ended with these lines:

True patriots we; for, be it understood, 437. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is any We left our country-for our country's good. government-as important as the principles Ignorance-Willfulness. The ignorit should protect and extend? 2. Should we ant-oppose without discrimination. Harremain passive, when our country, or politi-vey, for asserting the circulation of the blood, cal rights are invaded? 3. Are banks beneficial 4. Have the crusaders been the cause of more evil than good? 5. Was the war waged against the Seminoles of Florida, just? 6. Which is the more important acquisition, wealth, or knowledge? 7. Is there any neutral ground between good and evil, truth and falsehood? 8. Which should we fear most, the commission of a crime, or the fear of punishment? 9. By binding the understanding, and forcing the judgment, can we mend the heart? 10. When proud people meet together, are they not always unhappy? 11. Is not common sense a very rare and valuable article? 12. What is the use of a body, with out a soul?

438. MANNER AND MATTER. The secret of success in Music, as well as in Elocution, is, to adapt the manner perfectly to the matter: if the subject be simple, such must be the manner if it be gay and lively, or solemn and dignified, such, or such must be the manner in addition to which, the performer must forget himself, or rather lose himself in the subject, body and soul, and show his regard to his audience, by devoting himself to the subject: and hence he must never try to show himself off: but hide behind the thought and feeling, and depend upon them to produce the effect: if there is any affectation, the hold on the heart is in that proportion relinquished. Oh, when shall we take our appropriate place and regard USE as the grand object!

But sure-to foreign climes-we need not range,
Nor search the ancient records of our race,
To learn the dire effect of time-and change,
Which, in ourselves, alas! we daily trace;
Yet, at the darkened eye, the withered face,
Or hoary hair-1 never will repine;

But spare, O Time! whate'er of mental grace,

Of candor, love, or rympathy divine;

Whate'er of fancy's ray, or friendship's fame is mine.

was styled a vagabond, a quack; and persecuted, through life, by the medical profession. In the time of Francis I., Ambrose Pare-introduced the ligament, to staunch the blood of an amputated limb, instead of boiling hot pitch, in which the bleeding stump had formerly been dipped; and he was persecuted, with the most relentless rancour, by the Faculty, who ridiculed the idea-of risking a man's life upon a thread, when boiling pitch had stood the test for centuries. Medicines have been proscribed as poison, and then prescribed in great quantities; the proscriptions and prescriptions being both adopted with equal ignorance and credulity. There is no hope for man, but a thorough and correct education in the school of truth and goodness.

Varieties. 1. Does the nature of things depend on the matter, of which they are formed; or on the laws of constitution, by which matter is arranged? 2. Is not vegetable matter formed from oxygen and hydrogen; and animal matter from these two and carbon? But what are their constituent parts? Were their essences created, or are they eternal? 3. What large portions of the world there are of which we know comparatively nothing! and although we are familiar with our bodies, externally, yet how little of their internals do even the best physiologists know? 4. How much is really known of the nature of mind? and yet there is presumption enough in some, to decide at once, upon all the phenomena of the mind, and prescribe its limits. 5. Thus, man clothes himself with his fanciful knowledge, and plays such insane tricks before the world, as make the angels weep.

The fisher-is out on the sunny sea,

And the reindeer-bounds o'er the pasture free;

And the pine-has a fringe of a softer green,

And the moss-looks bright, where my foot hath been.