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415. Beware of a slavish attention to rules; for nothing should supercede Nature, who knows more than Art; therefore, let her stand in the foreground, with art for her servant. Emotion-is the soul of oratory: one flash of passion on the cheek, one beam of feeling from the eye, one thrilling note of sensibility from the tongue, one stroke of hearty emphasis from the arm, have infinitely more value, than all the rhetorical rules and flourishes of ancient or modern times. The great rule is—BE IN EARNEST. This is what Demosthenes more than intimated, in thrice declaring, that the most important thing in eloquence, was action. There will be no execution without fire.

Whoever thinks, must see, that man-was made
To face the storm, not languish in the shade;
Action--his sphere, and, for that sphere designed,
Eternal pleasures-open on his mind.
For this-fair hope--leads on th' impassioned soul,
Through life's wild labyrinth-to her distant goal:
Paints, in each dream, to fan the genial flame,
The pomp of riches, and the pride of fame;
Or, fondly gives reflection's cooler eye,
A glance, an image, of a future sky.

Notes. The standard for propriety, and force, in public speaking is-to speak just as one would naturally express himself in earnest conversation in private company. Such should we all do, if left to ourselves, and early pains were not taken to substitute an artificial method, for that which is natural. Beware of im agining that you must read in a different way, with different tones

and cadences, from that of common speaking.

Laconics. 1. God has given us vocal organs, and reason to use them. 2. True gesture-is the language of nature, and makes its way to the heart, without the utterance of a single word. 3. Coarseness and vulgarity--are the effects of a bad education; they cannot be chargeable to nature. 4. Close observation, and an extensive knowledge of human nature alone, will enable one to adapt himself to all sorts of character. 5. Paintingdescribes what the object is in itself: poetry—what it inspires or suggests: one-represents the visible, the other-both the visible and the invisible. 6. It is uncandid self-will, that condemns without a hearing. 7. The mind-wills to be free; and the signs of the times-proclaim the approach of its

restoration.

Woman. The right education of this sex is of the utmost importance to human life. There is nothing, that is more desirable for the common good of all the world; since, as they are mothers and mistresses of families, they have for some time the care of the education of their children of both sorts; they are intrusted with that, which is of the greatest consequence to human life. As the health and strength, or weakness of our bodies, is very much owing to their methods of treating us when we were young; so the soundness or folly of our minds is not less owing to their first tempers and ways of thinking, which we eagerly received from the love, tenderness, authority, and constant first language our mother-tongue, so-we conversation of our mothers. As we call our may as justly call our first tempers our mother-tempers; and perhaps it may be found more easy to forget the language, than to part entirely with those tempers we learned in the nursery. mented, that the sex, on whom so much deIt is, therefore, to be lapends, who have the first forming both of our bodies and our minds, are not only eduMiscellaneous. 1. Envy-is the daugh-cated in pride, but in the silliest and most ter of pride, the author of revenge and mur-contemptible part of it. Girls are indulged der, the beginning of secret sedition and the in great vanity; and mankind seem to conperpetual tormentor of virtue; it is the filthy sider them in no other view than as so many slime of the soul, a venom, a poison, that painted idols, who are to allure and gratify consumeth the flesh, and drieth up the mar- their passions. row of the bones. 2. What a pity it is, that there are so many quarter and half men and women, who can take delight in gossip, because they are not great enough for any thing else.

Anecdote. The severity of the laws of Draco, is proverbial; he punished all sorts of crime, and even idleness, with death: hence, De-ma-des said. -"He writes his laws, not with ink-but with blood." On being asked why he did. 80, he replied, that the smallest crime deserved death, and that there was not a greater punishment he could find out, for greater crimes.

Were I so tall-as to reach the pole,
And grasp the ocean-with a span,
I would be measured-by my soul,
The mind's-the standard of the man.

4. What is the difference between loving
the minds, and the persons of our friends?
5. How different is the affection, the thought,
action, form and manners of the male, from
the affection, thought, action, form and man-
ners of the female.

Then farewell,-I'd rather make
My bed-upon some icy lake,
When thawing suns-begin to shine,
Than trust a love-as false as thine.

The stomach-hath no ears.

Varieties. 1. Was England-justified in her late warlike proceeding against China? 2. Fit language there is none, for the heart's deepest things. 3. The honor of a maid-is her name; and no legacy is so rich as honesty. 4. O, how bitter a thing it isto look into happiness-thro' another's eyes. Ungrateful man, with liquorish draughts, And morsels unctuous, greases his pure mind, That from it-all consideration slips. To persist In doing wrong, extenuates not wrong, But makes it much more heavy. He cannot be a perfect man, Not being tried or tutored in the world: Experience is by industry achieved, And perfected-by the swift course of time. A confused report-passed thro' my ears; But, full of hurry, like a morning dream, It vanished-in the business of the day.

thing to do, than in having much to do. 6. The Virtue, that parleys, is near the surrender. 8. The

best throw of the dice-is to throw them away. 7.

416. THE DECLAMATORY AND HORTA- Proverbs. 1. The more-women look into TORY-indicate a deep interest for the per- their glasses, the less-they attend to their houses. sons addressed, a horror of the evil they are 2. Works, and not words, are the proof of love. 3. entreated to avoid, and an exalted estimate There is no better looking-glass, than a true friend. of the good, they are exhorted to pursue. 4. When we obey our superiors, we instruct our The exhibition of the strongest feeling, re-inferiors. 5. There is more trouble in having noquires such a degree of self-control, as, in the very torrent, tempest and whirlwind of passion, possesses a temperance to give it smoothness. The DRAMATIC-sometimes calls for the exercise of all the vocal and mental powers: hence, one must consider the character represented, the circumstances under which he acted, the state of feeling he possessed, and every thing pertaining to the scene with which he was connected.

spirit of truth-dwelleth in meekness. 9. Resist a temptation, till you conquer it. 10. Plain dealing is a jewel.

Anecdote. Faithful unto Death. When the venerable Polycarp· was tempted by Herod, the proconsul, to deny, and blaspheme the LORD JESUS CHRIST, he answered,"Eighty and six years-have I served my LORD and SAVIOR,-and in all that timehe never did me any injury, but always good; and therefore, I cannot, in conscience, reproach my KING and my REDEEMER.”

A Wife; not an Artist. When a man

417. ROLLA'S ADDRESS TO THE PERU VIANS. My brave associates-partners-of my túil, my feelings, and my fame! Can Rolla's words-add vigor-to the virtuous energies, which inspire your hearts? No; you have judged as I have, the foulness of of sense comes to marry, it is a companion he the crafty plea, by which these bold invaders wants, and not an artist. It is not merely a would delude you. Your generous spirit creature who can paint, and play, and sing, has compared, as mine has, the motives, and dance. It is a being who can comfort which, in a war like this, can animate their and counsel him; one who can reason and minds and ours. They, by a strange frenzy reflect, and feel and judge, and discourse and driven, fight for power, for plunder, and ex- discriminate; one who can assist him in his tended rule; we, for our country, our altars, affairs, lighten his sorrows, purify his joys, and our homes. They-follow an adventur- strengthen his principles and educate his childer, whom they fear, and obey a power, which ren. Such is the woman who is fit for a mothey hate; we serve a monarch whom we ther, and the mistress of a family. A woman love,-a God, whom we adore. Whene'er of the former description may occasionally they move in anger, desolation-tracks their figure in a drawing-room, and excite the adprogress! Whene'er they pause in amity, miration of the company; but is entirely affliction-mourns their friendship. They unfit for a helpmate to man, and to train up boast, they come but to improve our state, a child in the way he should go. enlarge our thoughts, and free us from the yoke of error! Yes-they will give enlight-prudent, is generally secure from many danened freedom to our minds, who are themgers, to which many others are exposed. 2. selves the slaves of passion, avarice, and pride. A fool may ask more questions in an hour, They offer us their protection. Yes, such than a wise man may answer in seven years. protection-as vultures-give to lambs- 3. The manner in which words are delivered, covering, and devouring them. They call contribute mainly to the effects they are to on us to barter all of good, we have inherited produce, and the importance which is attachand proved, for the desperate chance of some-ed to them. 4. Shall this greatest of free nathing better, which they promise. Be our tions be the best? 5. One of the greatest plain answer this: The throne-we honor obstacles to knowledge and excellence, is inis the people's choice; the laus we rever-dolence. 6. One hour's sleep before midnight, ence-are our brave fathers' legacy; the faith is worth two afterward. 7. Science, or learnwe follow-teaches us to live in bonds of cha-ing, is of little use, unless guided by good rity with all mankind, and die-with hope sense. of bliss-beyond the grave. Tell your invaders this, and tell them too, we seek no change; and, least of all, such change as they would bring us.

GAMBLING.

Oh! vice accursed, that lur'st thy victim on
With specious smiles, and false deluding hopes—
Smiles-that destroy, and hopes-that bring despair,
Infatuation-dangerous and destructive,

Pleasure most visionary, if delight, how transient!
Prelude of horror, anguish, and dismay!

Varieties. 1. He, who is cautious and

Men-use a different speech-in different climes,
But Nature hath one voice, and only one.
Her wandering moon, her stars, her golden run,
Her woods and waters, in all lands and times,
In one deep song proclaim the wondrous story.
They tell it to each other-in the sky,
Upon the winds they send it-sounding high,
Jehovah's wisdom, goodness, power, and glory.
I hear it come from mountain, cliff, and tree,
Ten thousand voices-in one voice united;
On every side-the song encircles me,

The whole round world reveres-and is delighted.
Ah! why, when heaven-and earth-lift up their voice,
Ah! why should man alone, nor worship, nor rejoice?

418. The merging of the Diatonic Scale in the Musical Staff, as some have done in elocution, is evidently incorrect; for then, the exact pitch of voice is fixed, and all must take that pitch, whether it be in accordance with the voice, or not. But in the simple diatonic scale, as here presented, each one

takes his lowest natural note for his tonic, or
key-note, and then, passes to the medium
range of pitches. Different voices are often
keyed on different pitches; and to bring
them all to the same pitch, is as arbitrary as
Procruste's bedstead, according to Hudribras:
"This iron bedstead, they do fetch,
To try our hopes upon;

If we're too short, we must be stretch'd,
Cut off-if we're too long."

Beware of all racks; be natural, or nothing.
What the weak head-with strongest bias rules,
Is (6) PRIDE; the never-failing vice of fools.
A soul, without reflection, like a pile,
Without inhabitant-to ruin runs.
Wit-is fine language-to advantage dressed;
Better often thought, but ne'er so well expressed.
Our needful knowledge, like our needful food,
Unhedged, lies open-in life's common field,
And bids ALL-welcome-to the vital feast.
Let sense-be ever in your view;
Nothing is lovely, that is not true.
419. SUGGESTIONS. Let the pupils me-
morize any of the proverbs, laconics, max-
ims, or questions, and recite them on occa-
sions like the following: when they first as-
semble in the school-room; or, meet together
in a social circle: let them also carry on a
kind of conversation, or dialogue with them,
and each strive to get one appropriate to the
supposed state, character, &c. of another: or
use them in a variety of ways, that their in-
genuity may suggest.

Laconics. 1. Any violation of law-is a breach of morality. 2. Music, in all its variety, is essentially one: and so is speech, tho' infinitely diversified. 3. Literary people-are often unpleasant companions in mixed society; because they have not always the power of adapting themforeign words into our language, when we have

selves to others. 4. It is pedantry-to introduce

pure English words to express all that the exotics contain; with the advantage of being intelligible to every one. 5. Whatever is merely artificial, is unnatural; which is opposed to general eloquence. 6. There can be no great advances made, in genuine scientific truth, without well regulated affec tions. 7. We can be almost anything we choose; if we will a thing to be done, no matter how high the aim, success is nearly certain.

Anger. Of all passions-there is not one so extravagant and outrageous as this; other passions solicit and mislead us: but thisruns away with us by force, hurries us as well to our own, as to another's ruin: it often falls upon the wrong person, and discharges its wrath on the innocent instead of the guil

ty. It spares neither friend nor foe; but tears

all to pieces, and casts human nature into a perpetual warfare.

VARIETIES.

All the world's-a stage,
And all the men and women-merely players:
They have their exits, and their entrances;
And one man, in his time, plays many parts,
His acts-being seven ages. At first, the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms;
And then, the whining school-boy, with his satchel,
And shining morning face, creeping like snail,
Unwilingly, to school. And then, the lover;
Sighing like a furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress' eyebrow: Then, a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrd,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth: And then the justice;
In fair round belly, with good capon lined,
With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances,
And so he plays his part: The sixth age-shifts
Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon;
With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side;

Pride. There is no passion so universal, or that steals into the heart more imperceptibly, and covers itself under more disguises, than pride; and yet, there is not a single view of human nature, which is not sufficient to extinguish in us all the secret seeds of pride, and sink the conscious soul-His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide to the lowest depths of humility. Anecdote. Sterling Integrity. In 1778, while congress was sitting in Philadelphia, frequent attempts were made, by the British officers, and agents, to bribe several of the

members. Governor Johnstone-authorized

the following proposal, to be made to Col. Joseph Reed: "That if he would engage his interest to promote the objects of the British, he should receive THIRTY THOUSAND DOLLARS, and any office in the colonies, in his majesty's gift. Col. Reed-indignantly replied, "I am not worth purchasing; but such as I am, the king of Great Britain is not rich enough to buy me."

For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,

Turning again toward childish treble-pipes,
And whistles in his sound: Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness, and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

Softens the high, and rears the abject mind;
Knows, with just reins, and gentle hand, to guide
Betwixt vile shame-and arbitrary pride.
Not soon provoked, she easily forgives;
And much-she suffers, as she much-believes.
Soft peace she brings, wherever she arrives;
She builds our quiet, as she forms our lives;
Lays the rough paths-of peevish nature even;
And opens, in each heart, a little heaven.

Charity, decent, modest, easy, kind,

420. THE SLENDER CHARACTERISTIC OF Maxims. 1. Some are alert in the beginning, VOICE. In all cases, endeavor to express by but negligent in the end. 2. Fear-is often conthe voice and gesture, the sense and feeling, cealed under a show of daring. 3. The remedy is that are designed to be conveyed by the often worse than the disease. 4. A faint heart nevwords; i. e. tell the whole truth. Most of er won a fair lady. 5. No man is free, who does the following words, that Shakspeare puts not govern himself. 6. An angry man opens his into the mouth of Hotspur, descriptive of a mouth, and shuts his eyes. 7. Such as give ear to dandy, requires the use of this peculiarity of slanderers, are as bad as slanderers themselves. voice, in order to exhibit their full meaning. Proud looks lose hearts, but courteous words—win 8. A cheerful manner denotes a gentle nature. 9. Conceive how a blunt, straight-forward, hon- them. 10. Brevity is the soul of eloquence. est soldier would make his defence, when unjustly accused by his finical superior, of unsoldier-like conduct; and then recite the following.

My liege-I did deny no prisoners.

But I remember, when the fight was done,
When I was dry with rage, and extreme toil,
Breathless, and faint, leaning upon my sword,
Came there a certain lord; neat, trimly dress'd;
Fresh as a bridegroom; and his chin, new reap'd,
Showed like stubble-land-at harvest home.
He was perfumed like a milliner;

And, 'twixt his finger and his thumb, he held
A pouncet-box, which, ever and anon,

Anecdote. Self-interest. When Dr. Franklin applied to the king of Prussia to lend his assistance to America,-"Pray Doctor," says he, "what is the object you mean to attain ?" "Liberty, Sire," replied the philosopher; "Liberty! that freedom, which is the birthright of all men." The king, after a short pause, made this memorable answer: "I was born a prince, and am become a king; and I will not use the powers I possess, to the ruin of my own trade."

Of Lying. Lying-supplies those who are addicted to it-with a plausible apology

He gave his nose. And still he smil'd, and talk'd, for every crime, and with a supposed shelter

And as the soldiers-bore dead bodies by,

He called them untaught knaves, unmannerly,

To bring a slovenly, unhandsome corse
Betwixt the wind-and his nobility.
With many holiday, and lady terms,

He question'd me; amongst the rest, demanded

My prisoners, in her majesty's behalf;

from every punishment. It tempts them to rush into danger-from the mere expectation of impunity; and, when practiced with frequent success, it teaches them to confound the gradations of guilt; from the effects of which there is, in their imaginations, at least one sure and common protection. It

I then, all smarting with my wounds, being gall'd corrupts the early simplicity of youth; it

To be so pestered with a popinjay,

Out of my grief-and my impatience,
Answered negligently,-I know not what-

He should, or should not; for he made me mad,
To see him shine so brisk, and smell so sweet,
And talk so like a waiting gentlewoman, [mark,)
Of guns, and drums, and wounds, (heaven save the
And telling me the sovreign'st thing on earth,
Was spermaceti-for an inward bruise:
And that it was great pity, (so it was,)
That villanous saltpetre-should be digged,
Out of the bowels of the harmless earth,
Which many a good, tall fellow had destroyed
So cowardly; and, but for these vile guns,
He would himself have been a soldier:
This bald, unjointed chat of his, my lord,
I answered indirectly, as I said;
And I beseech you, let not his report
Come current, for an accusation,

blasts the fairest blossoms of genius; and will most assuredly counteract every effort, by which we may hope to improve the talents, and mature the virtues of those whom it infects.

Varieties. 1. A very moderate power, exercised by perseverance, will effect-what direct force could never accomplish. 2. We must not deduce an argument against the use of a thing, from an occasional abuse of it. 3. Should we let a painful and cold attention to manner and voice, chill the warmth of our hearts, in our fervency and zeal in a good cause? 4. Youth-often rush on, impetuously, in the pursuit of every gratification, heedless of consequences. 5. The adherence to truth-produces much good; and its appearances-much mischief. 6. Every one, who does not grow better, as he grows older, Number. Unity—is an abstract concep- is a spendthrift of that time, which is more tion, resembling primary, or incorporeal precious than gold. 7. Obedience to the matter, in its general aggregate; one-ap-truths of the Word, is the life of all; for pertains to things, capable of being num- truths are the laws of the heavens, and of the bered, and may be compared to matter, . rendered visible under a particular form. Number is not infinite, any more than matter is; but it is the source of that indefinite divisibility, into equal parts, which is the property of all bodies. Thus, unity and one are to be distinguished from each other. Plenty-makes dainty.

Betwixt my love, and your high majesty.

church; obedience-implies the reception of them; so far as we receive, so far we are alive, by the coming of the kingdom within

us.

Whoe'er, amidst the sons

Of reason, valor, liberty, and virtue,
Displays distinguished merit, is a noble
Of Nature's own making.

manner,

421. TREMOR OF VOICE-resembles the Proverbs. 1. Proud persons have few real trill in singing, and may be indicated in this friends. 2. Mildness-governs better than anger. -; the voice ranging 3. No hope should influence us to do evil. 4. Few from a quarter of a tone, to several tones. things are impossible to skill and industry. 5. It is made deep in the throat, with a drop-Diligence is the mistress of success. 6. Conscience ping of the jaw; and when properly used, is never dilatory in her warnings. 7. A vain it is very effective and heart-stirring: espe hope flattereth the heart of a fool. 8. Moderate cially, in the higher kinds of oratory. It speed is a sure help to all proceedings. 9. Liberheightens joy, mirth, rapture, and exulta-ality of knowledge makes no one the poorer. 10. tion; adds pungency to scorn, contempt, and sarcasm deepens the notes of sorrow, and enhances those of distress: often witnessed in children, when manifesting their delights. There are several degrees, from the gross to the most refined.

If you endeavor to be honest, you struggle with yourself.

Names. A man, that should call every thing by its right name, would hardly pass through the streets, without being knocked down as a common enemy.

Varieties. 1. In 1840, there were in the 422. 1. Said Falstaff, of his ragged regi- United States, five hundred and eighty-four ment, "I'll not march through Coventry thousand whites, who could not read or with them, that's flat; no eye hath seen such write; five thousand, seven hundred and scarecrows." Almost every word requires a seventy-three deaf and dumb; five thous kind of chuckle, especially the italic ones; and and twenty-four blind; fourteen thous and by making a motion with the chin, up and five hundred and eight insane, or idiots, and down, the shake of the voice will corres- and two millions four hundred and eightypond to the sign, 2. In seven thousand slaves. 2. As our populathis example we have an instance of a refin- tion increases thirty-four per cent. in ten ed tremor of voice; but the right feeling is ne-years, at this rate, in 1850, our seventeen cessary to produce it naturally. Queen Cath- millions will be twenty-two millions: in arine said, in commending her daughter to 1860, thirty millions; and in 1900, ninetyHenry, " And a little to love her, for her moth-five millions. 3. The regular increase of the er's sake: who loved him-heaven knows N. E. states is fourteen per cent; of the midhow dearly." The coloring matter of the dle states twenty-five per cent.; of the southvoice is feeling-passion, which gives rise to ern twenty-two per cent.; and of the westthe qualities of voice; thus, we employ ern-sixty-eight per cent. 4. Many persons harsh tones in speaking of what we disap-are more anxious to know who Melchisedec prove, and euphoneous ones in describing the objects of love, complacency, admiration, &c. 423. In extemporaneous speaking, or speaking from manuscript, (i. e. making it talk,) when the speaker is under the influence of strong passion, the voice is apt to be carried to the higher pitches: how shall he regain his medium pitch? by changing the passion to one requiring low notes; thus, the surface of his flow of voice, will present the appearance of a country with mountains, hills, and dales. Elocution-relates more to the words and thoughts of others; oratory to our own. To become a good reader and speaker, one must be perfect in elocution, which relates to words: in logic, which relates to thoughts; and in rhetoric, which appertains to the affections: thus involving ends, causes, and effects.

Anecdote. Aged Gallantry. A gallant old gentleman, by the name of Page, who was something of a rhymester, finding a lady's glove at a watering-place, presented it to her, with the following lines:

"If from your glove-you take the letter g, Your glove-is love-which I devote to-thee." To which the lady returned the following

answer:

"If from your Page, you take the letter p,
Your page is age,-and that won't do for me."

was, or what was Paul's thorn in the flesh, than to know what they shall do to be saved. 5. To cure anger, sip of a glass of water, till the fit goes off. 6. An infallible remedy for anxiety-"cast thy burden upon the Lord, and he shall sustain thee."

TRY TRY AGAIN.

"Tis a lesson-you should heed,
Try, try again;

If at first-you don't succeed,
Try, try again;
Then your courage should appear,
For, if you will persevere,
You will conquer, never fear;
Try, try again.

Once, or twice, though you should fail,
Try, try again;

If you would, at last, prevail,
Try, try again;

If we strive, 'tis no disgrace,
Though we may not win the race;
What should you do in the case?
Try, try again.

If you find your task is hard,
Try, try again;

Time will bring you your reward,
Try, try again;

All that other folks can do,
Why, with patience, should not you?
Only keep this rule in view,

TRY, TRY AGAIN.

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