89

world. They consisted at first of 160 families, who purchased 5700 acres of land, and formed themselves into a society, upon the plan of the apostolic church, as set forth in the Acts of the Apostles. Religion is the chief bond of union among them, and their leading principle is a community of goods, founding on the text, (Acts iv. 32.) "And the multitude of them who believed were of one heart and of one soul; neither said any of them that ought of the things which he possessed was his own; but they had all things common." From a small beginning their annual quantity of agricultural produce, consisting of wheat, rye, oats, barley, and potatoes, exceeds 40,000 bushels, besides 5000 pounds of flax and hemp, 100 gallons of sweet oil, distilled from the white poppy, with the produce of twelve acres of vineyard. They are industrious, cleanly, devout, and exemplary in their moral conduct. A considerable number of persons have joined the society since it was instituted, and a few have quitted it. They have about 3000 acres of ground cleared, a large stock of cattle, and about 1000 sheep, part of which are Merino or Spanish. The cloth made

There are about

of this wool is of a good quality. 100 mechanics and 700 labourers among them, all of whom are fed and clothed from the public stores. All the women wear the same dress, a linsey-woollen jacket, or petticoat, and a close black cap tied under the chin, with a woollen or cotton tassel on the crown. *

A branch of this colony has removed to the banks of the Wabash, below Vincennes, where they cultivate the vine, and make cloth of the Merino wool.

offices and employments. About the
congregations of the different deno
follows: Presbyterians, 36; Germa
German Lutherans, 84; Quakers,
26; Baptists, 15; Roman Catholic
byters, 8; Moravians, 8; Free C
salists, 1; Covenanters, 1; Jew
besides several Methodists. Ac
of the general convention of B
delphia, in May 1817, the nur
was then 60, that of members.

Benevolent and Humane S
Philadelphia there are eight |
tions, and two private; thre
neral charity; eight free scho
societies; associations for the
eleven mutual benefit so
their descendants. St An
corporated society, St Ge
ciety, French benevolen
ciety, composed of office
tion, for granting relie
their widows, and orpl
cieties are, the Ship
society, the Caledonia
Friendly society, the I-
Harmony Society, c
the right bank of the
posed of German
Rapp, their chief,
intolerance of the

leaged endow justice. i by some m was Dr 1, and the of Pennsyland charitable nd, after several into an university,

State of Pennsylction of a new board ges were afterwards egislature in 1791, the d at 500 dollars, vice100, tutors, each 100. is seminary commenced in rs enjoyed great celebrity. : 1. Anatomy. 2. The physic, and of clinical prac

ateria medica, botany, and very. 6. Chemistry. The and surgery, in the United Dr Shippen, in 1764. The

91

; in 1807 it had 500. The lectures ovember, and end on tensive library is atthe students have free ten dollars to the estap of languages and phisophy and logic. 2. Maosophy. S. Belles lettres. car 1817 a new faculty was the faculty of Natural science, ship of Natural philosophy. 2. mistry. 3. Of botany. 4. Of ing geology and zoology. 5. Of

le. This college, which has the 1, in honour of its founder, the hoDickinson, of Pennsylvania, was esta3. Four years after it contained 80 the present number is about 140. Union of 40 trustees it has received from rant of lands, to the extent of 10,000 10,000 dollars in founded certificates. The eady consists of 3000 volumes, and the phiapparatus is extensive. There are profeslogic, metaphysics, mathematics, the learned ges, modern languages, and of natural philosoand chemistry.

It

anklin College. This college was established at caster, and named in honour of Dr Franklin. s founded in 1787, by an association of Germans,

By the 7th article of the constitution of Pennsylvania, the legislature is bound to establish schools throughout the state, and to provide for the education of poor children gratuitously; and seminaries are to be established, for the promotion of the arts and sciences. Accordingly, the university of Philadelphia, Dickenson college, at Carlisle, and numerous academies and schools, have been established or encouraged by the legislature; and it has been resolved to endow an academy in each county, at the seat of justice. The university of Pennsylvania was instituted by some of the citizens of Philadelphia, among whom was Dr Franklin, who drew up the original plan, and the proposals for its execution. The college of Pennsylvania, which consisted of the academy and charitable schools, was incorporated in 1753; and, after several additions, it was erected, in 1769, into an university, named, "The University of the State of Pennsylvania," and placed under the direction of a new board of trustees. Some farther changes were afterwards made; and, by an act of the legislature in 1791, the salary of the provost was fixed at 500 dollars, viceprovost 450, professors, each 400, tutors, each 100.

The medical school of this seminary commenced in 1764, and has for many years enjoyed great celebrity. The present professors are: 1. Anatomy. 2. The institutes and practice of physic, and of clinical prac tice. 3. Surgery. 4. Materia medica, botany, and natural history. 5. Midwifery. 6. Chemistry. The first lectures on anatomy and surgery, in the United States, were delivered by Dr Shippen, in 1764. The

number of students was then but 10; in 1807 it had increased to 390; and in 1811 to 500. The lectures commence the first Monday in November, and end on the first day of March. An extensive library is attached to the hospital, to which the students have free access, on paying the sum of ten dollars to the establishment. The professorship of languages and philosophy are: 1. Moral philosophy and logic. 2. Mathematics and natural philosophy. 3. Belles lettres. 4. Languages. In the year 1817 a new faculty was established, denominated the faculty of Natural science, consisting of a professorship of Natural philosophy. 2. Of mineralogy and chemistry. 3. Of botany. 4. Of natural history, including geology and zoology. 5. Of comparative anatomy.

College of Carlisle.-This college, which has the name of Dickinson, in honour of its founder, the honourable John Dickinson, of Pennsylvania, was established in 1783. Four years after it contained 80 students, and the present number is about 140. Under the direction of 40 trustees it has received from the state a grant of lands, to the extent of 10,000 acres, and 10,000 dollars in founded certificates. The library already consists of 3000 volumes, and the philosophical apparatus is extensive. There are professors of logic, metaphysics, mathematics, the learned languages, modern languages, and of natural philososophy and chemistry.

Franklin College. This college was established at Lancaster, and named in honour of Dr Franklin. It was founded in 1787, by an association of Germans,