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sen by ballot of the general assembly; they may be suspended, and cannot be elected for more than three years successively. The treasurers of the state are chosen annually; the secretary for three years.

Judiciary.-The judges are appointed by the joint ballot of the Senate and House of Commons, and are commissioned by the governor. The power of impeachment belongs to the assembly. Trial is by a special jury upon an indictment by a grand jury. The courts are of law, and equity, and of admiralty. In each county there is a sheriff, coroner, and constables. Justices of the peace are appointed by the legislature, and hold their office during good behaviour. The civil officers of the United States for this state are-1. A judge, whose salary is 1500 dollars; 2. An attorney, with 200; a marshal, with 400; and a clerk, whose remuneration is the fees of his office.

An Abstract View of the Value of Lands and Slaves in North Carolina, as Assessed for the Direct Tax of 1815.

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*No particular return was made of the slaves in these counties.

The tax is 47 cents per S. 100.

Military Force.-The officers of the regular army of the state are appointed by the senate and house of commons. While in service they are incapable of being members of the legislature. The militia, in 1815, according to the official return, amounted to 43,217, of which 36,043 were infantry, and 1475 dragoons. At Smithville, on the bank and near the entrance of Cape Fear river, the United States have erected a battery of eight twenty-four pounders, a brick building for the accommodation of officers, a block-house, guardhouse, and a range of buildings for the accommodation of 100 artillery-men. *

Religion.-No clergyman, while he continues in the exercise of his pastoral functions, can be a member of the legislature. There is no privileged or established church; every person is at liberty to follow the mode of worship he approves of. † The principal religious denominations are, Presbyterians, Moravians, Quakers, Methodists, and Baptists. The two last are the most numerous. According to the report of the general convention of Baptists, held in Philadelphia in May 1817, the number of churches was then 219, of members 11,711, but from eighteen churches there

was no return.

National Register, July 1816.

+ The first churches were established in 1705. L. 30 currency was granted for the support of a clergyman in each precinct or parish, and marriage was no longer solemuized by the magistrates. In 1741 the salary was increased to L. 133, and the fee for marrying with licence was ten shillings, and by publication five.

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Education.-The establishment of common schools being provided for by the constitution, the legislature, in 1808, passed a law for their organization. The masters were to receive such public salaries as might enable them to instruct the youth at low prices. It also provided for the establishment of one or more universities for the encouragement and promotion of useful learning. The University of North Carolina is situated on Chapel Hill, in Orange county, twentyeight miles west of Raleigh, and fourteen south of Hillsborough. The students from North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky, were lately about 100. It is under the direction of forty trustees, five from each district. Its funds consist of all debts due to the state by sheriffs, or other holders of public money prior to the year 1783, of all escheated property within the state, and of lands given as a donation by the legislature. In 1791, L. 5000 were lent by the state to the trustees to enable them to erect the necessary buildings, consisting of a tenement of three stories 180 by 40 feet, and another of two stories 100 by 40, both of brick. There is a house for the president, and one for the steward, constructed of wood. There is but one professor for the sciences, and another for languages. The college contains a moderate library, and some philosophical apparatus.

There are academies of considerable reputation at Warrentown, Fayetteville, Williamsborough, Hillsborough, Guilford, Newbern, and Lumberton. "The North Carolina Medical Society" was incorporated by the legislature in the year 1800.

Agriculture.-The climate of this state is

very fa

vourable to agricultural pursuits. Cattle and hogs run wild in the woods. All the different kinds of grain cultivated in the northern states grow here in perfection. Indian corn, which grows well every where, is less productive; but it is sweeter and more easily cultivated. In the low parts near the sea, where the country is inundated by the overflowing of the rivers, rice and indigo are successfully cultivated. The swampy land on the south side of Albemarle Sound is the most valuable for this purpose in the United States. The chief products of the hilly country are wheat, tobacco, rye, oats, barley, and flax. Along the rivers there are fine tracts of meadow land covered with rocks of cattle. Wheat is cut in the beginning of June, Indian corn early in September. * Cotton is cultivated and

* Price of Provisions, &c. at Wilmington, in July 1816.

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