slaves, and horses. All lands liable to taxation are taxed in an equal and uniform manner. Town lots are not taxed higher than at the rate of 200 acres for each; no freeman can be taxed higher than 100 acres, and no slave more than 200 on each poll. No manufactured article of the produce of the state can be taxed otherwise than to pay the fees of inspection. * The taxes are levied in the following manner: Every hundred acres of land pay 12 cents to the state; a free poll 12; a slave 25 cents; merchants and pedlars pay 20 dollars a-year in the county where they expose goods for sale. Military Force.-Captains, subalterns, and noncommissioned officers, are elected in districts by the citizens subject to military duty. The field-officers are elected by the citizens in the respective counties; the brigadiers-general by the field-officers of the respective brigades; the majors-general by the brigadiers and field-officers of the respective divisions. The governor appoints the adjutant-general; the majors-general their aids-de-camp; the brigadiers-general their brigade-majors; the commanding-officers of regiments their adjutants and quarter-masters. In the cavalry the captains and subalterns are appointed by the troops enrolled in their respective companies; and the fieldofficers of the districts by the captains and subalterns. Those who, from religious motives, refuse to bear arms, may be exempted by an act of the legislature from attending private and general musters. The militia 26th section of the 1st article of the constitution. according to the official report presented to congress, amounted, in 1812, to 20,193, of whom 357 were dragoons. The inhabitants of this state, active, inured to the chace, familiar with the rifle, and proud of their rights, form a militia which no regular army could long despise. Religion. The religious denominations in this state are Presbyterians, Baptists, Roman Catholics, Protestants, Episcopalians, and Methodists. According to the report of the general convention of Baptists, held at Philadelphia, in May 1817, the number of their churches in Tennessee was 169, of members 9704. Colleges.-There are four incorporated colleges, three of which in East Tennessee were incorporated by the territorial government, and a donation of 100,000 acres of land was granted by congress for their support. 1st, Greenville College, in Green county, established in 1794, is in a flourishing condition. 2d, Blount College, at Knoxville, entitled to the benefit of a donation from congress, which will amount to nearly 50,000 dollars. Sd, Washington College, in Washington county, which is said to be but slenderly endowed. 4th, Cumberland College, at Nashville, in West Tennessee, lately established, is entitled to a donation from congress, similar to that made to the institution at Knoxville. At the latter there is a president, with a salary of 1500 dollars a-year, and a tutor, with one of 1000 dollars. A grammar-school is connected with the institution, the master of which has a salary of 500 dollars. The college edifice, which is of brick, consists of three stories, and is divided into twenty-two rooms. Academies.-A hundred thousand acres of land were allotted by congress for the support of an academy in each county, several of which have been established, and incorporated under very promising auspices. Ο - Agriculture. The agricultural productions are the same as in Kentucky, with the exception of cotton, which, in the western parts, forms a staple commodity. Wheat, barley, oats, rye, buck-wheat, Indian corn, flax, hemp, tobacco, indigo, rice, and cotton, thrive here luxuriantly. The limestone lands, which are well adapted to the culture of cotton, are in many parts deficient in water, which escapes through fissures in the beds of the streams. Lands of the first and second quality produce Indian corn and hemp, but for wheat the soil is too rich, unless reduced by two or three crops of maize, hemp, tobacco, or cotton. The third quality bears every kind of grain which is cultivated on the dry grounds of the Atlantic states. On Cumberland river, the common produce of Indian corn is from sixty to seventy bushels. That of cotton is usually 800 pounds to the acre. Fruit trees succeed extremely. The farmers in Upper Tennessee grow little artificial grass, but they have potatoes, carrots, and turnips. They have generally each a herd of pigs, which roves through the woods with the cows; and the latter have a bell strapped round their necks, as a means of finding them. Value of Lands and Houses, as established by the assessment for the direct tax. In 1799, Lands, Houses, 5,847,662 dollars. 6,134,108 In 1814, the value of lands, houses, and slaves, with the exception of one district, 34,415,971 The increase in the value of lands and houses was found to be 15,000,000. The slaves were estimated at 300 dollars each. Manufactures.-The legislature has granted premiums for domestic manufactures, with which fourfifths of the people are now clothed. Statement of the Manufactures in 1810, according to the Report of the Marshal. The gross value of manufactures, excluding doubt ful articles, was 3,611,029 dollars. The doubtful articles, consisting of maple sugar and saltpetre, amounted to 39,473 dollars. Nitre. In 1813, 100 workmen were employed in Big Bone Cave, in White county, in the manufacture of nitre, of which the produce was 500 pounds daily, sold at twenty-five cents a pound. Q Commerce. The exports consist of cotton, tobacco, hemp, horses, live cattle, Indian corn, pork, fowls, potatoes, flour, saltpetre, flax, deer skins, ginseng, lumber, iron. The great staple productions are saltpetre, tobacco, cotton, hogs, and cattle. The imports conD sist chiefly of dry goods and groceries imported in waggons to East Tennessee from Philadelphia and Baltimore, and to West Tennessee by land to Pittsburgh, and thence down the Ohio and up the Cumberland is Sugar is procured with so much ease from the maple, which. very abundant in Tennessee, that it is generally an object of at tention with farmers. A farmer and his family can make 1400 or 1600 weight in a season, worth twelve and a half cents per pound. It is common at the tea-table, generally in a rough state, but by refining, can be made equal to the finest lump sugar. The sap runs most in frosty weather; and a tree in a good season will yield from fifteen to twenty-five gallons of sap. From 500 trees 2000 pounds of good maple sugar can be obtained; and the whole can be done by one man and three or four boys.Palmer's Travels, p. 123. 11 |