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this river.

About eight miles from Canton, and one from Kendal, there is a toll-bridge across the Tuscarawa river 612 feet in length, supported by stone piers twenty feet in height. A mile east from Canton there is another across the Nimishillon creek 650 feet in length, built on wooden piles.

Canals.-Between the Cayahoga river and the Tuscarawa, a branch of the Muskingum, it is proposed to form a canal, and 100,000 acres of land have been allotted for this purpose by a law of the United States. Another is projected between the sources of the Wabash and the St Mary, eight miles above Fort Wayne; and an equal appropriation of land has been made by Congress for this purpose; and a similar provision has been made for a third canal between the Illinois and the Chicago, or southern river of lake Michigan.

Roads.-Three per cent. of the nett proceeds of the United States' lands within the limits of the state of Ohio is allotted for the opening and repair of roads.

Books relating to this State.

1764. Historical Narrative of Colonel Bouguet's Expedition against the Indians of the Ohio in 1764.

A French Translation, with Additional Reflections on Military Officers, by Dumas, (C. G. E.) appeared at Amsterdam in 1769. Valuable Notes are added by the Translator. 1. On the Construction of Forts against the Indians. 2. An Account of the French Forts in Louisiana ceded to Great Britain. 3. List of Indian towns situated on or near the Ohio and its branches. 4. Names of different Indian nations which inhabit North America, with the number of warriors.

1790. Jacquemart (Fr.) le Nouveau Mississippi, ou les dan.

gers d'habiter les bords du Scioto, par un Patriote Voyageur. Paris, in 12mo, pp. 44.

Harris's Tour to Ohio.

1804. Volney's Tableau du Climat et du sol des Etats Unis d'Amerique, of which there is an American Translation by C. B. Brown. Philadelphia, 1804.

1808. Michaud's (F. A.) Voyage à l'ouest des Monts Alle ghanys, 1 Vol. in 8vo. pp. 312. Paris.

Drake's (Daniel) Natural and Statistical View, or Picture, of Cincinnati and the Miami country, illustrated with Maps. 1 Vol. in 8vo. pp. 251. Cincinnati.

1817. Brown's Western Gazetteer, Article "Ohio."

July 1817. The Laws of this State, in July 1817, were comprised in two volumes of 900 pages, sold at 2 dollars 50 cents stitched, 3 dollars 50 cents bound in one volume, and 4 dollars bound separately.

Maps.-There is an excellent Map of this State in four sheets by Hough and Bourne, and an older one by Dr Mitchell.

CHAPTER XX.

INDIANA.

SITUATION AND BOUNDARIES.-The state of Indiana is situated between 37° 50′ and 42° 10′ of north latitude, and between 7° 40′ and 10° 45′ west longitude from Washington. It is bounded on the south by the river Ohio; north by the parallel of 42° 10′, which passes through Lake Michigan, ten miles beyond its southern extremity; east by the state of Ohio; and west by the Illinois territory, from which it is separated by the Wabash river from its mouth to Vincennes, and from Vincennes northward by a meridian line. Its form is pretty nearly a parallelogram; its length from north to south being about 284 miles, and its mean breadth about 155. Area, 39,000 square miles, or 24,960,000 acres.

Aspect of the Country, and Nature of the Soil.The surface, from the falls of the Ohio to the Wabash, is broken and uneven, being traversed by a range of hills called the "Knobs," which rise to the height of 400 or 500 feet above their base. From this range is a level surface, called the " Flat Woods," seventy miles in breadth, extending to the Ouitanon country. Along all the principal streams, except the Ohio, there is a tract of rich alluvial soil, without timber, which ter

minates in meadow lands, rising from thirty to a hundred feet above the former, adorned with copses of beautiful shrubs, and bounded by lofty forests. In the summer season these meadows are covered with a luxuriant growth of herbage, from six to eight feet high. The common depth of the soil is from two to three feet ; but along the Wabash, in forming wells, it was found to be twenty-two feet, and underneath a stratum of fine white sand was discovered. The lands on White river are hilly, broken, and in some parts stony; but exceedingly well watered. From the mouth of Big Miami to Blue river, a range of hills, intersected by streams, runs near to and parallel with the Ohio. Below Blue river, the country is level, and covered with heavy timber. Between the Wabash river and Lake Michigan, there is a champaign country, chiefly meadow, intersected by forests of fine trees, abounding in swamps and inland lakes, the sources of numerous streams. From the south bank of the St Joseph river extend rich meadow lands, from one to ten miles in breadth, and of variable length; the soil is dry, being at least 100 feet above high water. The soil around the sources of Eel river, Panther's creek, and St Joseph of the Miami, and between the two extreme branches of the Wabash, is generally low and swampy, but interspersed with tracts of good soil. The overflowing of the rivers is very extensive; and, as most of them have a winding course, they water one-half more of the country than if they ran in a straight line. General Harrison, who traversed this country in every direction, remarks, "that the finest country

in all the western world is that which is bounded eastwardly by the counties of Wayne, Franklin, and part of Dearborn, Switzerland, and Jefferson; westward by the tract called the New Purchase; and extending northwardly some small distance beyond the Wabash. This tract, containing perhaps 10,000,000 of acres, is principally the property of the Miami tribe of Indians; part of it of the Miamis and Delawares. It includes all the head waters of the White river, and the branches of the Wabash which fall in from the south and southeast.

*

Climate. In all the high country the climate is particularly healthy; but in the low alluvial soil, formed of decaying vegetable substances, the air is unfriendly to health. The winter is milder, and much shorter, than in the northern states. The fine weather generally continues to Christmas, and spring commences about the middle of February. The peach blossoms about the 1st of March, and the woods are green by the 10th of April. But some winters are much colder. In that of 1815 the frost continued two or three weeks; the snow was from six to nine inches deep; and the ice of the Wabash, in many places, was strong enough to be passed over. Apple, cherry, and peach trees thrive well; tobacco also thrives as well here as in Virginia. The vine and sweet potatoe are cultivated at New Switzerland and Vevay. Below Quitanon, in latitude 40° 20', the climate is mild. Above the sources of the Wabash,

* Appendix to the Western Gazetteer, p. 358.

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