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and to convene the assembly by proclamations on extraordinary occasions. He is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and militia of the state, except when called into the service of the United States.

Judiciary.-There is a supreme court, court of common pleas for each county, besides justices of the peace. The first is composed of three judges, elected for seven years, who annually hold a court in every county. This tribunal, from which there is no appeal, has original jurisdiction in all capital offences, and in civil cases, when the matter in dispute exceeds 1000 dollars. The court of common pleas, composed of a president and three associates, also elected for seven years, has jurisdiction in all cases cognizable by a court of chancery, and has concurrent jurisdiction with the supreme court when there is question of land-titles, or when the sum in controversy exceeds 1000 dollars. All the judges are elected by the general assembly, and one less than the number of each court constitutes a quorum. Those of the supreme court, by virtue of their office, are conservators of the peace throughout the state. The president of the court of common pleas has the same authority within the circuit, while that of the judge of the court of common pleas is confined within the limits of the county. The judges cannot hold any other office during the time for which they are elected; and are prevented from receiving any other compensation, fees, or perquisites, than that which the laws have established. The clerk of each court is appointed by a majority of the judges for the term of seven years, and is removeable for breach of

good behaviour. The justices of the peace are chosen for the period of three years by the qualified electors of each township; and their jurisdiction extends to cases in which the amount is seventy dollars, or even where the amount is 200 dollars, with the consent of parties. Their number in each township is fixed by the court of common pleas. In that of Cincinnati there are generally three. In each county there is a sheriff and coroner elected by qualified members of assembly for the term of two years. Officers of towns and townships are chosen annually by the inhabitants. The state treasurer and auditor are appointed every three years by a joint ballot of both houses of the legislature. The judiciary officers of the United States for this state are, a judge, with a salary of 1000 dollars; an attorney, with 200; a marshal, with 200; and a clerk, with fees.

Military Force.-The militia is organized in divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, and companies. Captains and officers of inferior rank are elected by persons subject to military duty in the same military district. The majors are elected by the captains and inferior officers of the battalion; and the colonels by the majors, captains, and lieutenants. The brigadiersgeneral by the commissioned officers of their respective brigades. The majors-general and quarter-masters-general by the joint ballot of both houses of the legisla The adjutant-general by the governor. There are but six days for public exercise in the year, two in spring, and four in autumn. In 1812, the militia consisted of four divisions, each commanded by a major

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general; seventeen brigades, each commanded by a brigadier-general. Forty-eight regiments, each commanded by a lieutenant-colonel commandant. In 1815, the whole militia, according to the official report presented to congress, amounted to 37,373 infantry, 176 artillery, 1138 dragoons, 2356 riflemen.

Finances.-The annual salaries of the chief officers of the government, as fixed by the constitution, were to remain the same till 1818. Salary of the governor, 1000 dollars; judges of the supreme court, 1000; presidents of the courts of common pleas, 800; secretary of state, 500; auditors of public accounts, 750; treasurer, 450. Members of the legislature receive two dollars a day, and a sum not exceeding this amount for every twenty-five miles in going or returning therefrom. *

* In July 1817, the prices at Cincinnati were:

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Internal Government.-Towns are incorporated by the legislature of the state; and are formed into wards, in each of which trustees are elected for a limited time, who appoint the mayor, recorder, clerk, and treasurer,

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French and Port wine, sugar, tea, and coffee, dearer than in

England; woollen and cotton goods very dear, *

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who form a council, invested with powers to make and enforce such laws and regulations as they may think proper for the good government of the town, and to assess a tax on real estates, which, without a vote of their constituents, cannot exceed one-half per cent. annually. Three trustees, with several subordinate officers, are annually elected in each township, whose duty it is to assess and collect taxes for the support of the poor, to keep the roads and streets in good repair, to select jurors, and generally to superintend the affairs of the township. Three county commissioners are

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Stone-cutters and carpenters have the same prices as at Philadelphia. Mechanics, manufacturers, and labourers, receive per day from 75 cents to 1 dollar 50 cents. Throughout the whole country, which has a water communication with the Ohio river, the price of articles is nearly the same, except at Cleveland and other places near Lake Erie. In general, the price of living is one third cheaper than in the eastern states.

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