he himself danced naked in the midst of his wanton company; and while he wheeled about with alacrity in the circular motion of the dance, he never once thought of the wheel of fortune."

112. 26. Jus Verrinum. The passage here alluded to presents us with a double pun. The word Verres is the name of a man, and also signifies a boar pig. Jus has also a twofold meaning, importing law, and sauce or broth. The objection to Cicero is, that playing on both the words, and taking advantage of their ambiguous meaning, he says it could not be matter of wonder that the Verrian jus was such bad hog soup.

114. 9. Ingenio ac spiritu ; i. e. excelsá et animosá eloquentiâ.

114. 16. More veteri. In the dialogues of Plato, and others of the academic school, the ablest philosophers occasionally supported a wrong hypothesis, in order to provoke a thorough discussion of some important question.

*115. 19. Specie differant; which he explains in the next line, astrictior Calvus, &c. Astrictior. See p. 123. 15. Sunt . . . . . delectat.

115. 24. Ferunt; for præferunt, the simple for the compound word; this is frequently the case in Quintilian.

116. 17. Malim . . . . Mæcenatis. He compares the ancients, such as Gracchus and the elder Cato, with those who lived after the Augustan age, and prefers the vigor of Gracchus to the corrupted

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eloquence of Mæcenas; the style of the latter is alluded to in the terms calamistros, fucatis, and meretriciis vestibus.

117. 9.

Librorum: his orations which had been

published. Vis. This word is here synonymous with ira. Cassius was remarkable for his passionate disposition; this was the cause of his banishment.

117. 17. Ceteros. The orators of his own time and those who came after him.

117. 25. In publicum; in a mass, not individually. -Excerpsisset; i. e. excepisset.

118. 2. Gabinianum; a teacher of rhetoric in the reign of Vespasian.

118. 19. Affectûs; of friendship.

121. 1. Ambitione salutantium; i. e. ambitione suâ et favore erga salutantes.

121. 22. Philonem. He was a leading philosopher of the academic school. To avoid the fury of Mithridates, who waged a long war with the Romans, he fled from Athens, and with some of the most eminent of his fellow-citizens, repaired to Rome. Cicero was struck with his philosophy, and became his pupil.

123. 16. Collectum; comprehensive.

125. 18. Academia. This was not far from the walls of Athens, on the northern side. It was formerly the property of a private citizen, and afterward a public gymnasium. Although in ruins, it is still called by the Greeks the school of Plato.

127. 19. Incorruptâ; by the vices of our time.

128. 26. Crasso et Domitio. They were censors A. U. C. 662. Crassus himself informs us, that, for two years together, a new class of men, called rhetoricians, kept open school at Rome, till he thought fit to exercise his censorian authority, and by an edict to banish the whole tribe from the city; and this, he says, he did not, as some suggested, to hinder the talents of youth from being cultivated, but to save their genius from being corrupted, and the young mind from being confirmed in shameless ignorance.

129. 23. Est. Here begins a chasm in the original. The remainder of the section, as it now stands, seems unintelligible. Brotier, in the supplement which he made to supply this deficiency, goes on thus after est—juvenes, puerilibus institutis sine ullâ privati publicique juris experientiâ per plures annos innutriti, nihil afferunt quod fori dignitatem deceat, aut clientium alat utilitates. Patric

caritate, servitii odio, libertatis æstu instinctus, certâque immortalitatis spe, quam jam præsentiscebat, animatus, nihil valebat nisi excelsum, nisi sublime, sine ullo privatæ utilitatis studio, ob patriam tantùm et publicam rem cogitare, nihil humile, nihil objectum eloqui poterat. In this last paragraph Maternus is speaking.

130. 2. Ea; offices of honor in the gift of the Roman people, such as those of consul, prætor, &c. 130. 22. Exterarum nationum; meaning, probably, those in alliance with the Romans, for no others

-the Germans and Parthians for instance- would admit themselves to be the clients of Roman orators.

132. 20. Tutores suos. Demosthenes, when not more than seven years old, lost his father, and was left under the care of three guardians, who thought an orphan lawful prey, and did not scruple to embezzle his effects. In the mean time he pursued a plan of education without the aid or advice of his guardians, and became a scholar of Isæus and Plato. Under these masters his progress was such that at the age of seventeen he was able to conduct a suit against his guardians, which he did successfully.

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132. 23. Hanc illi famam circumdederunt. favorite phrase of Tacitus. Erant, qui principatus inanem ei famam circumdarent. Hist. iv. Egregiam famam paci circumdedit. Vita Agr. Many other instances might be cited.

136. 4. Cretensem. Of Crete, now Candia, an island in the Mediterranean sea.

136. 12. Erravit; i. e. fluctuavit.

136. 18. Nec tanti momenti reipublicæ Gracchorum eloquentia fuit ut ideo ipsa vellet, deberet aut posset etiam pati ipsorum leges.

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