6 oz. 8 oz. 10 oz.

4 oz.

6 oz. 24d. 8 oz. 3d.

10 oz. 3 d. 12 oz. 4.

Any letter exceeding the weight of 12 ozs. will be liable to a postage of One Penny for every ounce, or fraction of an ounce, beginning with the first ounce. A letter, for example, weighing between 14 and 15 ounces must be prepaid fifteen-pence. A letter posted unpaid will be charged on delivery with double postage, and a letter posted insufficiently prepaid will be charged with double the deficiency.

An Inland Letter must not ex

ceed one foot six inches in length, nine inches in width, or six inches in depth.

A Book-Packet may contain not only books, paper, or other substance in ordinary use for writing or printing, whether plain or written or printed upon (to the exclusion of any written letter or communication of the nature of a letter), photographs, when not on glass or in frames containing glass or any like substance, and anything usually appertaining to such articles in the way of binding and mounting, or necessary for their safe transmission by post, but also Circulars when these are wholly or in great part printed, engraved, or lithographed.

Every Book-Packet must be posted either without a cover or in a cover open at both ends, and in such a manner as to admit of the contents being easily withdrawn for examination; otherwise it will be treated as a letter.

Any Book-Packet which may be found to contain a letter or communication of the nature of a letter, not being a circular-letter or not wholly printed, or any enclosure sealed or in any way closed against inspection, or any other enclosure not allowed by the regulations of the Book-Post, will be treated as a Letter, and charged with double the deficiency of the Letter postage.

A Packet posted wholly unpaid will be charged with double the Book-Postage; and if posted partially prepaid, with double the deficiency.

No Book-Packet may exceed 5 lbs. in weight, or one foot six inches in length, nine inches in width, and six inches in depth.

POST CARDS.

Post Cards, bearing an impressed half-penny stamp, can be obtained at all Post Offices, at the rate of Sixpence half-penny per doz., for transmission in the United Kingdom only.

POSTAGE ON INLAND REGIS

TERED NEWSPAPERS. Prepaid Rate.-For each Registered Newspaper, whether posted singly or in a packet-One Halfpenny; but a packet containing two or more Registered Newspapers is not chargeable with a higher rate of postage than would be chargeable on a Book-Packet of the same

weight, viz., One Halfpenny for every 2 ozs., or fraction of 2 ozs.

Unpaid Rates. A Newspaper posted unpaid, and a packet of Newspapers posted either unpaid or insufficiently paid, will be treated as an unpaid, or insufficiently paid Book-Packet of the same weight.

The postage must be prepaid either by an adhesive stamp, or by the use of a stamped wrapper. Every Newspaper or packet of Newspapers must be posted either without a cover or in a cover open at both ends, and in such a manner as to admit of easy removal for examination; if this rule be infringed, the Newspaper or packet will be treated as a letter.

No Newspaper, whether posted singly or in a packet, may contain any enclosure except the supplement or supplements belonging to it. If it contain any other, it will be charged as a letter.

No packet of Newspapers must exceed 14 lbs. in weight, or two feet in length by one foot in width or depth. REGISTRATION.

By the prepayment of a fee of fourpence, any letter, newspaper, or book-packet may be registered to any place in the United Kingdom or the British Colonies. The Post Office will not undertake the safe transmission of valuable enclosures in unregistered letters; and all letters found to contain coin, will, on delivery, be charged a double registration fee.

10d.

£10

£10

11d. 18.

POST-OFFICE ORDERS. Money Orders are granted in the United Kingdom, as follows:For sums under 108.

108. and under £1

Above which none are granted, but orders can be multiplied to any amount.

POST-OFFICE SAVINGS BANKS.

By 24 Vic. cap. 14, deposits of one shilling, or of any number of shillings, or of pounds and shillings, will be received from any depositor at the Post-Office Savings Banks, provided the deposits made by such depositor in any year ending the 31st day of December do not exceed 30., and provided the total amount standing in such depositor's name in the books of the PostmasterGeneral do not exceed 150l. exclusive of interest. When the prin

Accession of Q. Victoria Proclamation

VACCINATION ACT.

25

It is imperative that parents should have every child vaccinated within three calendar months after birth, either by the legally qualified medical attendant of the family, or by the appointed public vaccinator. If other than the parents are left in charge of the child, the vaccination must then be within four months of birth.

ECLIPSES IN 1875. In the year 1875 there will be two Eclipses, both of the Sun, viz:

April 6.Total Eclipse of the Sun, invisible at Greenwich.

September 29.-Annular Eclipse of the Sun, visible as a Partial Eclipse at Greenwich.

1st Month,]

1875..

THE MOON'S CHANGES.

New Moon

"In this the art of living lies;

To want no more than may suffice, And make that little do: We'll therefore relish with content Whate'er kind Providence has sent, Nor aim beyond our power."

."-COTTON.

4 16 25

5 29 26

6 41 27 7 46 28

8 Or 840

Sets

4 8s P.M.

1

8 5r 556 2

3

4

101st Sund. aft. Epiphany. 4 11s 7 20 11 M N. P. Willis (American essayist, and founder 8 4r 843 of American Monthly Magazine) died,1867.12 Tu" There is Willis so natty, and jaunty, and 4 14s 10 6 5 [way, Who says his best things in so foppish a 8 3r 11 28 With conceits and pet phrases so thickly 4 16s MidAfter

13 W

14 Th

15 F

16 S

17

2nd Sund. aft. Epiphany. 7 59r

18 M Baskerville (celebrated printer) died, 1775. 4 22s He spent many thousands of pounds 19 Tu before he succeeded in making a profit 7 58r of his pursuit.

4 26s

3 48 10

5 15 11

631 12

20 W Dr. James born, 1703; died in 1776. 21 Th Lord Byron born, 1788; died at Misso- 7 57r P

22 F

23 S

24

longhi in 1824.

"Thy heart, methinks,
Was generous, noble."-ROGERS.

Septuagesima Sunday.

7 35 13 Rises 4 29s 5 17 15 7 54r 640 16

4 32s

25 M "This (1658) had been the severest winter that any man alive had known in England. 7 52r

26 Tu

27 W

Islands of ice inclos'd both fish and fowl

7 57 17 91218

The crowes feete were frozen to their prowi 4 36s 10 22 19 frozen, and some persons in their boates." 7 49r 11 34 20

-John Evelyn's Diary.

28 Th In 1771, John Eyre was sentenced to trans-4 39s After 21 portation for stealing a few quires of paper.

29 F

30 S

Mid

Charles I. beheaded, 1649. In 1825, the 7 45r night

Prayer-book used by Charles on the scaffold was sold for one hundred guineas. Leibnitz visited London, 1673.

31Sexagesima Sunday.

HOPE AND COURAGE.

TRUE hope is based on energy of character. A strong mind always hopes, because it knows the mutability of human affairs, and how slight a circumstance may change the whole course of events. Such a spirit, too, rests upon itself; it is not confined to particular objects; and if at last all should be

A.M.

4 43s 159 23

7 43r 3 12 24

lost, it has saved itself its own integrity and worth. Hope awakens courage, while despondency is the last of all evils; it is the abandonment of good-the giving up of the battle of life with dead nothingness. He who can implant courage in the human soul is its best and wisest physician.

2.-ANNE BIGET (better known as SISTER MARTHA) is a name ever to be remembered among those who have devoted their lives to ameliorate human misery. She was born at Thoraise, a pleasant village situate on the Doub, near Besançon, in 1748, her parents being poor, hard-working country folks. From childhood she had always shown a kind and tender disposition-ever ready to assist, as far as her means would permit, the hungry or dis tressed. When Martha arrived at the age of sixteen she was placed in a convent which had been founded by the Baroness of Chartal, and which was intended for young ladies of high birth. After a time Martha was made portress to the establishment, and spent many years in that capacity -and eventually retired on a pension of about six pounds per annum. She now, with another woman, devoted her time to the wants of the necessitous. The Archbishop of Besançon gave Sister Martha permission to visit the prisons, and to this task she devoted herself with enthusiasm; and when during the Reign of Terror her convent was destroyed by the revolutionists, her companions dispersed, and the prisons were filled with a still more miserable class of inmates, Sister Martha still remained faithful to her vocation, steadily pursuing her unselfish labours. And when the wars of the French Republic broke out, she sought the field of battle, and seeking out the wounded after an engagement, by her humane exertions saved numerous lives. In the campaign of 1814, though Martha was nearly seventy years of age, yet her energy and activity seemed to receive a new impulse; and the powerful assistance she rendered the wounded caused the Duke of Reggio to say to her"Sister Martha, I was made acquainted with your character on the field of battle, for there I continually heard the wounded exclaim, 'If the good Sister Martha were here, our sufferings would be relieved,' while blessings followed the name." Frenchmen, Spaniards, Englishmen, Italians, all in turn experienced her care. When the allied sovereigns met in Paris, in the year 1814, each was desirous to see this extraordinary woman-and, sending for her, they bestowed valuable gifts on her. The Emperor of Russia presented her with a gold medal, and a sum of money; the Emperor of Austria gave her 200 francs, and the cross with the Order of Merit; and the kings of France and Spain also sent her medals, whilst each added a present of money. Martha had no other ambition than that of doing good; but she rejoiced exceedingly in the gifts that had been presented to her, as it gave her more ample means to exercise her charitable disposition. In 1816 she again visited Paris, to obtain assistance for her poor countrymen suffering from a deficient harvest, and was very graciously received by Louis XVIII., whose courtiers vied with each other in their attentions to the poor nun. After a life employed in good works, Sister Martha died, regretted and esteemed, at Besançon, in 1824.

20.-ROBERT JAMES, an English physician, was born at Kinverstone, in Staffordshire, in 1703. In 1743 he published his Medical Dictionary (in three volumes) in which he was assisted by Dr. Johnson, who was his early friend (at Lichfield), before he came to settle in London. He also wrote the Practice of Physic; but he is best known by a valuable medical preparation universally celebrated under the name of James's Fever Powders," which he invented when but a poor apothecary, and the success of which realised a fortune for his family.-It is said that when Dr. James applied to Newbery (in St. Paul's Churchyard, London) to sell his medicine, his daily engagements preventing an interview on a week-day, he appointed James to call upon him at his country-house on the following Sunday morning. James proceeded to keep the appointment, and, in passing over Westminster Bridge, seeing a horse-shoe lying in the road, which was considered to be a sign of "good luck," he carefully put it into his pocket. As Newbery was a man of business he at once entertained the proposals of James, and entered info a treaty which turned out so well for the doctor, that it verified his superstitious faith in the horse-shoe. The fever powder succeeded, and became the fashionable medicine of that day. Walpole swore that he would take it if the house were on fire! James, through the sale of it, acquired great riches, and "setting up his carriage," adopted the horse-shoe as the crest of his armorial bearings.

28.--JOHN EYRE, whose name is ignominiously recorded in the annals of crime, was a gentleman possessing a fortune of thirty thousand pounds, yet he was sentenced to transportation for stealing eleven quires of writing-paper. There must have been an inherent baseness in his character, as the following circumstance will show:-His uncle, a gentleman of considerable property, made his will in favour of a clergyman, an intimate friend, and committed it, unknown to the rest of the family, to his custody. However, a short time before his death, he altered his mind with regard to the disposal of his wealth, and made another will, in which he left the clergyman only five hundred pounds,-bequeathing the bulk of his large property to his nephew and heir-at-law, Mr. Eyre. Soon after the old gentleman's death, Mr. Eyre, in rummaging over his drawers, found this last will, and perceiving the legacy of five hundred pounds in it for the clergyman, he immediately put the will into the fire, and took possession of the whole effects, in consequence of his uncle being supposed to die intestate. A short time afterwards, the clergyman waited upon Mr. Eyre, and asked him if his uncle had made a will before he died. On being answered by Mr. Eyre in the negative, the clergyman put his hand into his pocket and pulled out the former will, which had been committed to his care, in which Mr. Eyre, sen., had bequeathed him the whole of his fortune, amounting to several thousand pounds, excepting a legacy of £200 to his nephew. The feelings of the avaricious nephew may be more easily imagined than described!

A MAN OF UNIVERSAL ATTAINMENTS.

"Great offices will have

Great talents, and God gives to every man

The virtue, temper, understanding, taste,
That lifts him into life, and lets him fall

Just in the niche he was ordain'd to fill."-CowPER.

APACITIES such as LEIBNITZ possessed, and so assiduously developed, are rare, even among his contemporaries of the end of the seventeenth centuary-an age of great men and great writings. One who could rival Newton as a mathematician; who could advise Peter the Great of Russia as a politician, economist, and reformer; who could demand as his due the respectful attention of the savants of all Europe, upon almost every subject, must indeed have been a great man.

GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNITZ was born at Leipsic in 1646-his father being Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University there; but as he died when his son was but six years old, much paternal care could not have been bestowed upon the boy. He, however, exhibited remarkable and precocious talents, and began his studies in his native place at the age of fifteen. When but eighteen years of age he took the M.A. degree at Leipsic, and appeared as an author the same year; in 1666 he graduated as LL.D. at Altdorf, upon which a professorship there was offered him, but he did not accept it.

A great variety of studies now attracted Leibnitz's surpassing talents. Mathematics was evidently a pursuit congenial to his very earliest years, and he had so far become eminent in this and kindred sciences that he came into rivalry with Newton upon the point of a discovery which each seems to have made-independently of the other-the use of the differential calculus. Philosophy, both modern and ancient, also received a thorough investigation by this thirsty seeker for knowledge: he was a good linguist, moreover, in the modern languages; and a sound classical scholar; intended originally for the law, he accordingly bestowed much time and labour upon that all these shared his attention, together with physics, theology, philosophy, history, and antiquities, in fact, he was

"A man so various that he seemed to be

Not one, but all mankind's epitome."

In the year 1672 Leibnitz visited Paris, and afterwards London, becoming acquainted with the leading scholars and men of science of the age-Sir Isaac Newton, Robert Boyle, Henry Oldenburg, Malebranche, and Cassini. He was received among these élite with the greatest honour, and accepted as an authority on almost all subjects, proving himself a man of universal attainments, remarkable memory, and unusual power of work.

'Beyond his mere scholarship Leibnitz was a man of great genius; and Dean Buckland has remarked upon the foresight he showed in his speculations in geology-at that time unworthy almost of the name of a science, so little was known of it. Liebnitz's association with the crowned heads of Europe enabled him to leave his mark upon the age in which he lived, for his society and counsel seem to have been valued by them. Peter the Great of Russia consulted him as to the best means of civilising Russia, and appointed him Councillor of State-to which office a pension of one thousand roubles was attached. Charles VI., the Emperor of Germany, also bestowed honours upon him. Sophia Charlotte, consort of Frederick, the first king of Prussia, used to term him "le grand Leibnitz," and sought his society and advice in her perplexities among the philosophers; and the Elector of Hanover, George I. (who used to call him "his living dictionary") secured the services of Leibnitz to write a "History of the House of Brunswick."

Leibnitz, as is mostly the case with great writers, was only enabled to get through his multifarious business by persistent perseverance. He carried on a most extensive correspondence with savants in all parts of the world, and wrote his letters with great care-sometimes three or four times over. His memory was remarkably retentive, and at the age of seventy he could recite pages of Virgil without an error. He was a bachelor; and his life was sedentary in the extreme, and sometimes he would not go to bed for weeks, but would take the sleep he required sitting in his chair. His neglect of exercise told severely upon him as he advanced in life, inducing a number of pain-" ful diseases; but even at the age of seventy it was an accidental overdose of some medicine of his own making that killed him--so that he must have been a man of iron constitution. He died in 1716, at Hanover, where he had spent the latter years of his life. He was buried in his native place, Leipsic, his monument bearing the inscription"OSSA LEIBNITTI."