Adams, Massachusetts, II. 226.

ADAMS, Mrs. ABIGAIL, description of
her by her son, John Q. Adams, II. 559;
excellence of her example, her instruc-
tions, and her letters, 561-563, 567;
directs the reading of her son, 561, 562;
joins her husband and son in England
in 1785, 568.

ADAMS, CHARLES, son of John Adams,
accompanies his father to France in
1779, and is placed at a boarding
school with his brother, J. Q. Adams,
II. 566; at school at Amsterdam, and,
subsequently, at Leyden, 566.
ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS, furnishes
Mr. Everett with biographical notices
of his father, J. Q. Adams, II. 555;
his obituary notice of Peter Chardon
Brooks in the "Christian Register," III.
271, 271, n., 273.

ADAMS, JOHN, Eulogy on, 1st Au-
gust, 1826, I. 131-181; his sufferings
and sacrifices for his country, 131;
his birth and parentage, 138, 139;
educated at Harvard College, 140; his
attainments as a scholar and lover of
letters, 140; his first writings devoted
to the cause of his country, 140; his
"Dissertation on the Canon and Feudal
Law," republished in London and highly
commended there, 140; Thomas Hol-
lis's estimate of it, 140, n.; his "Defence
of the American Constitutions," a work
that would do honor to the political
literature of any country, 141; the

fruits of his intellect exhibited in his
extensive correspondence, 141; his
legal education an excellent prepara-
tion for his patriotic labors, 141, 142;
offered the first seat on the bench of the
Superior Court of Mass., 142; departs
on a foreign mission, 142; devotes his
life to the service of his country, 142;
elected a member of the Continental
Congress, 142; recommends George
Washington as Commander-in-Chief,
142; offers the resolution that the
colonies be invited to establish their
several State governments, 143; ap-
pointed on the committee to announce
the Declaration of Independence to
the world, 143; glory which attaches
to his participation in the Declaration
of Independence and in the measures
which preceded and followed it, 143,
144; pronounced by Thomas Jeffer-
son the Colossus of the debate on the
Declaration of Independence, 144,
148; his calm estimate of the cost of
Independence, and his appreciation of
its value, 144; might have risen to
great eminence under the British gov-
ernment, 144; his discouragements in the
path of patriotism, 144, 145; first Vice-
President of the U. States, 145; his
great public services, 145; political
dissensions between him and Thomas
Jefferson and his party, 133, 145,
146; succeeded by friendly relations,
133, 145, 146; his correspondence
with Mr. Jefferson, 146; dignity
of the closing scene, 148; his ex-
clamation respecting the Fourth of
July, 148; veneration with which his
memory will ever be regarded, 148,
149. (See also, 13, 71, 76, 108, 109, n.,
389, 396, 523, 541, 546, 566, 567, 568,
569.) Anticipates the Revolutionary
war, II. 559, 560; his "Dissertation on
the Canon and Feudal Law," 560; ex-
pectations entertained of him by the early
patriots, 560; counsel for the soldiers
who fired on the Boston patriots, 1770,
560; negatived as a member of the
executive council, 1772, 560; a mem
ber of the Continental Congress, 1774,
560; recommends Washington as
Commander-in-Chief of the American
army, 1775, 561; is put on the Com-
mittee on the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, and espouses the Declara-
tion, 1776, 561, 579; sent commis.
sioner to France, in 1779, 563; letter
from, respecting J. Q. Adams, 564;
returns to America in August, 1779,
565; is elected to the Convention

which formed the Constitution of Mas-
sachusetts, and reports a Declaration of
Rights and a Constitution, which are
adopted, 565;

returns to Europe,

to

Nov., 1779, to negotiate a peace with
Great Britain, 565, 567; goes to Hol-
land to negotiate a treaty with the
Netherlands, 565, 567; returns
Paris and signs, with Franklin and
Jay, a treaty of peace with Great
Britain, 1783, 567; his political en-
gagements in Europe, 1783-85, 567;
appointed minister to the Court of St.
Jaines, 1785, 568; his reception by
the King, 656; elected Vice-Presi-
dent of the United States, 570; the
"Publicola" essays ascribed to him, 570;
elected President of the United States,
1796, 571, 572; political divisions dur-
ing his administration, 573; dies July
4, 1826, on the same day with Thomas
Jefferson, 579; J. Q. Adams proposes
to write the history of the life and times
of, 579. (See also, 42, 108, 109, 110,
139, 177, 268, 385; III. 11, 27, 68, 179,
230, 414, 415, 615, 616, 617, 644, 646.)
ADAMS and JEFFERSON, Eulogy on, at
Charleston, 1st of August, 1826, I.
131-149; their death on the same day,
109;. peculiar relation in which they
stood to each other, 133; discouraging
prospects under which they resolved to
risk every thing for their country's
liberty, 133; labored for the same ob-
jects in life, and were not divided in
death, 133, 134; veneration with which
they were regarded, 134; Eulogy on,
by Daniel Webster, 136, n.; disastrous
results might have ensued, had they
thrown their talents and influence into
the scale of submission, 137; every
American citizen shares in the fruits of
their labors, 138; their history, that of
their country, 138; their birth, 138;
each represented his own section of the
country, 139; their early coöperation
in securing its independence, 139;
placed at the head of the Committee
to announce the Declaration of Inde-
pendence to the world, 143.

ADAMS, JOHN COUCH, one of the dis-
coverers of the planet Neptune, II. 633,
640.

ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY, Eulogy on, in
Faneuil Hall, 15th April, 1848, II. 555-
596; C. W. Upham's memoir of, in
the National Portrait Gallery, 555;
biographical notices of, by Joseph E.
Sprague and the Rev. Mr. Lunt, 554;
Mr. Everett's Congressional recollec-
tions of, 555, 579, 580, 581, 583, 590;

national honors to his remains and Con-
gressional tributes to his virtues, 556,
557; Eulogy on, by Edward Everett,
at the request of the legislature of
Massachusetts, 555-596; his parentage,
558, 559; his birth, 560; patriotic in
structions of his youth, and their effects
upon his future life, 560, 561, 566;
his letter to his father, when in his tenth
year, 562; taken in his tenth year to
France, and placed at school at Passy,
563; his early education in France,
563-565; advantages derived from his
early association with Dr. Franklin
and other eminent men, 563, 564, 568;
excellent letter from his mother to him,
564; testimony of his father to his zeal
for knowledge and his amiableness,
564, 568; letter from him to his father,
when at school at Passy, 564, 565; re-
turns to Boston in August, 1779, 565;
accompanies his father to Europe in
November, 1779, 566; placed at a
boarding-school in France, with his
brother Charles, 566; at school at Am-
sterdam, and, subsequently, at Leyden,
566; became private secretary and
interpreter to Francis Dana, minister
at the Court of St. Petersburg, 1781,
566, 567, 574; his devotion to his
studies, 567; his journey from St. Pe-
tersburg to Paris, 1782-83, 567; his
occupations in Europe, 1783-85, and
his father's commendations of his qual-
ities as secretary, 567, 568; his ac-
quirements at the age of eighteen, 568,
569; returns to America, July, 1785,
and enters Harvard College, March,
1786, 568, 569; testimony of Judge
Putnam to his collegiate standing and
excellent principles, 569, 624; takes
his first degree in 1787, 569; subject
of his oration at Commencement, 569;
studies law with Chief Justice Parsons,
569; commences the practice of the
law at Boston, 570; his "Publicola'
Essays, 570; his "Marcellus" Essays,
570; his "Columbus" Essays, 570;
his Fourth of July Oration in 1793,
570; principles of his policy proclaimed
in 1793,-Union at home, Neutrality
abroad, 570; reputation gained by his
essays, 571; appointed by Washington
minister resident at the Hague, 1794,
571; appointed by Washington minis-
ter plenipotentiary to Lisbon, 1796,
571; his marriage to Miss Johnson,
1797, 571; Washington's commenda-
tion of, 572, 592; minister to Prussia,
1797-1800, 572; his political services
abroad in 1797-1800, 572; his "Letters

from Silesia" published, 572; translates
Wieland's "Oberon "into English, 572;
elected to the Senate of Massachusetts,
1802, 572; elected to the Senate of the
United States, 1803, 572; resigns his
seat in the Senate of the United States,
573; declines to be a candidate for the
presidency of Harvard College, 573;
his literary tastes and studious habits,
573; appointed Professor of Rhetoric
and Oratory in Harvard College, 1806-
1809, 573; excellence of his "Lectures
on Rhetoric and Oratory," 574; appoint-
ed by President Madison minister to
the Court of St. Petersburg, 1809, 574;
declines a seat on the bench of the Su-
preme Court of the United States, 590;
is a negotiator of the treaty of 1815,
575, 576; at Paris during the Hundred
Days, 576; appointed, by President
Madison, Minister Resident at London,
576; appointed, by President Monroe,
Secretary of State, 576, 577; commen-
dation of, by General Jackson, 577; his
faithful performance of his duties as
Secretary of State, 577, 589-592; elect-
ed President of the United States by
the House of Representatives in 1824,
.578; his zealous devotion to the duties
of the presidency, 579, 589, 592; char-
acter of his administration, 578, 579,
591-593; his reception of Lafayette in
1824, 579; on his retirement from the
presidency announces to Mr. Everett
his intention to write the history of the
life and times of his father, 579; elected
to the House of Representatives of the
United States, 1831, 579; reflections on
his return to public life, 579, 580; re-
view of his Congressional life from 1831
until his death, 580-588; his self-deny-
ing devotion to public duty, 580, 581,
582, 584, 585, 587, 589, 592; his advo-
cacy of protection to manufactures, and
of the Bank of the United States, 580;
his course on the slavery question, 581-
584, 594, 595; organizes the House in
1839, 584, 585; Henry A. Wise's com-
mendation of his conduct on that occa-
sion, 585; veneration with which he
was regarded in and out of Congress,
585, 586; his enthusiastic reception in
New York and Ohio, in 1843, 586;
contrast between the close of his career
and that of Louis-Philippe, 586-588;
his life a proper model for the imitation
of the young men of the United States,
586; decline of his health, 587; regu-
larity of his entries in his Journal, 587,
589, 595; his letter on the Observatory
at Cambridge, 587; his zeal for the

promotion of astronomical science, 587;
impressive circumstances attending his
death, 588, 595, 596; review of his
public and private character, 588-596;
his intellectual endowments, 588; his
perception, accurate and penetrating,
588; his argumentative powers, 588,
589; his memory retentive, 589; his ear-
ly rising and studious application, 589;
his literary attainments, 589, 590; his
letters on the orations of Cicero, 590;
his facility of composition, style, and
hand-writing, 590; his legal attain
ments and powers as a debater, 590;
his able conduct of the Amistad case,
591; as a politician and a statesman,
591; his freedom from party spirit, 591,
592, 593; as a diplomatist, 572, 592,
593; as a man, 593–596; his liberality
and hospitality, 593; his social man-
ners, 594; his kindness, depth, and ten-
derness of feeling, 594; his physical
and moral courage, 594, 595; depth
and sincerity of his religious principles,
594-596; his daily perusal of the Holy
Scriptures, and regular attendance at
public worship, 595; his closing scene,
compared with that of other orators and
- Demosthenes, Cicero -
595, 596; his "Report on Weights and
Measures," 592. (See also, 138, 167.)
His opinion of Col. T. H. Perkins, III.
372; brings the subject of a National
Observatory before Congress in 1825,
429; his love of agriculture, 562; ex-
presses to Mr. Everett his satisfaction
at beholding the trees planted by his
own hands, 562, 563.

statesmen

-

ADAMS, Mrs. JOHN QUINCY, her mar-
riage, II. 571; survives her husband, 571.
ADAMS, MATTHEW, the first friend and
patron of Franklin, II. 16; an author,
16, 23; has " pretty collection of
books," III. 609.

ADAMS, SAMUEL, impatient for the
commencement of hostilities with Great
Britain, I. 541, 546, 547, 559; his deter-
mined course in the Provincial Con-
gress of Massachusetts compromises
his safety, 542; he retires to the house
of the Rev. Jonas Clark, at Lexington,
542; his devotion to the cause of Amer-
ican liberty, and cordial cooperation
with John Hancock therein, 543; his
incorruptible poverty, 545; is the last
of the Puritans, 545; his personal char-
acteristics, 545, 546, 547; his taste for
sacred music, 545; his memorable
Thesis on taking his second degree at
Harvard College, 545; he first stu-
dies divinity, and then enters upon

politics, 546; is one of the earliest and
ablest writers on the patriotic side, 546;
his personal influence with the people,
546; he enters the House of Repre-
sentatives, and takes the place of a
leader, 546; the throne of his ascen-
dency was in Faneuil Hall, 546; is
thoroughly versed in the principles of
liberty, 546; his famous exclamation
on the nineteenth of April, 1775, 547;
apprised by Col. Revere of the projected
expedition of the British to Concord,
548, 549; persuaded to withdraw from
Mr. Clark's, 84, 550. 'See also, 75, 76,
81, 83, 84, 88, 108, 139, 144, 163, 363,
396; II. 177; III. 11, 230, 332, 336.'
ADAN, JOHN R., his instructive address
at the Annual Meeting of the Prison
Discipline Society, 30th of May, 1837,
II. 196.

ADDISON, JOSEPH, a favorite in Amer-
ica, II. 429; his style, III. 500; his
style the model of Franklin's, II. 18,
19; the delight with which Washington
and Franklin read the Spectator, III.
496, 497.

Addition, importance of the rule of, II.

601.

Address to the King, loyal tone of the,
I. 565; III. 22.

Adelphic Union Society of Williams Col-
lege, Address before, August 16, 1837,
II. 206-234.

Admiralty Court of the United States, II.
385.

Adriatic, commerce of the, II. 306, 371.
Advantage of Knowledge to Working
Men; an Address, Nov. 14, 1831, I.
307-328.

"Adventures" in favor in Boston in
early times, III. 266.

Adversity, profitable uses of, I. 66; II.

514.

Egean Sea, I. 359; islands of the, III.

55.

Egina, Island of, II. 402.

Elian, cited relative to the exposure of
infants at Thebes, III. 586.

Equi, the, driven from the gates of
Rome by Cincinnatus, III. 560.
ESCHYLUS, his Agamemnon cited, I.

531.

ESCHYLUS, of Cnidus, one of Cicero's
masters, I. 425.

Æsor, his obscure position, II. 213.
Etna, middle region of, II. 400.
Affections, importance of the education
of the kindly, II. 513.
Afghanistan, the climate of, II. 476;
conquest of, by the English, 476.
Africa, Colonization and Civilization of,

a Speech before the Annual Meeting
of the Colonization Society at Wash-
ington, 16th of June, 1832, I. 329–343.
Africa, Colonization of, Remarks on, at
the Anniversary of the American Colo-
nization Society at Washington, 18th of
January, 1853, III. 167-185; Appendix
to, 186-194; usefulness of the Society,

167-185.

Africa, first settlement of, lost in anti-
quity, III. 297; antiquities of, I. 24
II. 292; colonies of Greece in, I. 37;
consequences of, 50, 124; south of, vis-
ited by adventurers from Tyre and
Carthage, III. 468; ancient commerce
of, 468; subdued by the Romans, 560;
formerly the cradle of science, I. 337;
prevalence of the Greek language in the
east of, an instrument for the propaga-
tion of Christianity, II. 463; great phys-
ical advantages of, III. 470; sugar,
cane of, 547; causes of its long con-
tinued non-civilization, 174, 175; cli-
mate of, unfavorable to the progress of
civilization in, 175; fatality of, to the
whites, 176, 177; dangers of Christian
missions in, 175; must be civilized by
the descendants of its own sons, 178;
evils to, arising from intercourse with
foreigners, 175; cruelty of the warlike
customs of, I. 111; condition of, a dis-
grace to the rest of the civilized world,
III. 173; civilization of, I. 424, 432,
433; objections urged against the civil-
ization of, considered, 337-343; not in
the state of utter barbarism that is as-
cribed to it, III. 181, 192, 193; extent
of agriculture, commerce, architecture,
manufactures, useful arts, education,
and law in, 181; I. 338; ancient and
modern (1828, 1838) condition of the
people of, II. 292; I. 170, 422; popula-
tion of, in 1828, 170; currency of, II.125;
diversities in the character of its pop-
ulation, III. 174; Mohammedan tribes
in, 181; inhabitants of, not naturally
inferior to the other branches of the
human race, 174, 193; Jefferson's opin
ion of the inhabitants of, 178, 180; ex-
traordinary attainments of some of the
African race: account of Paul Cuffee,
182; of Abdul Rahaman, 181, 186-194;
of the learned blacksmith of Alabama,
183; of the classical student, Beverly
Williams, 183; the people of the African
race in the United States and the West
Indies, and at home, have done as well
as could be expected, 178, 182; Afri-
cans fully equal in moral sentiments to
the whites, 184; affecting instance of
this fact, 184, 185; explorations of

Africa, II. 395; recent explorations
have resulted more favorably than pre-
ceding ones, III. 177; Browne's travels
in, in 1792-98; II. 408; Lowell's trav-
els in, in 1825, 404-412; slaves im-
ported from, by England to Spain, and
by New England to the Southern States,
582; extent of the slave-trade on the
coast of, I. 333, 339; III. 172; efforts
for the suppression of the slave-trade
-in, I. 331-333; difficulty of guarding
the coast of, 334; steam packets to the
coast of, in 1839, II. 371; modern col-
onies in the south of, III. 346; the
"Herald," printed at Monrovia, I. 342.
'See also, Liberia; Sierra Leone; Slave-
trade.'

AGAMEMNON, cited, I. 383.

AGASSIZ, Professor LOUIS, at Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts, II. 636, 637; his
entomological investigations, 636, 637;
his eminence as a man of science, III.
48, 370; his admirable lectures on nat-
ural history at Cambridge (Mass.) High
School, 1849-50, 74; connected with
the Lawrence Scientific School at Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts, 370.

Age, the present, compared with former
periods, an enlightened one, I. 421;
barbarism, despotism, and misery, still
abound in, 422.

Agricultural Society, Legislative, Re-
marks at its meeting at Boston, Feb.
17th, 1852, III. 97-102.

Agricultural Society at Bristol, England,
Remarks at the public dinner of the,
July 14th, 1842, II. 435-441.

Agricultural Society at Derby, Remarks
at the public dinner of, 13th July, 1843,
II. 466-470.

Agricultural Society of Saffron Walden,
Remarks at the public dinner of, 13th
Oct., 1843, II. 474-480.

Agricultural Society at Waltham, Re-
marks at the public dinner of the, Sept.
26, 1842, II. 444-446; excellent object
of, 446.

Agricultural Society, United States, Re-
marks at its public dinner in Boston,
14th of October, 1855, III. 382.
Agriculture, an Address delivered at
Brighton, before the Massachusetts Ag-
ricultural Society, 16th October, 1833,
I. Pref. v., 442-458.

Agriculture, Progress of, Remarks at the
public festival of Hampshire, Franklin,
and Hampden Agricultural Society at
Northampton, 7th October, 1852, III.
144-157.

Agriculture, Importance of, an Address
delivered before the New York State

Agricultural Society on occasion of
their Annual Fair at Buffalo, 9th of
October, 1857, III. 537-567.
Agriculture, progress of, in America, I.
35; benefits of, to mankind, 127; im-
provements in the implements of, 442;
improvement of, in the United States,
by cattle shows, 443; periodical litera-
ture of, 443; the most important of all
pursuits, 444; feeds and clothes the
human race, 444; its connection with
manufactures and commerce, 444; the
first pursuit of civilized man, 444; held
in honorable estimation by the most en-
lightened nations of antiquity, 445;
loses something of its rank in Rome,
446; among the Anglo-Saxons, 447;
in Russia, 448, 449; in Italy, 450; in
England, 451; small farm question in
England, 451-457; lease question in
England, 451-457; proprietorship in
the soil, 452-457; in connection with
politics, 454, 455; the interest of the
Emperor Augustus in, 457; Virgil's
commendation of, 457; further im-
provements in, anticipated, 617; obli-
gations of, to commerce, 626; almost
unknown to the North American In-
dians, 640; importance of, II. 50; of
the British colonies in America encour-
aged by Great Britain, 54; employment
of capital in, 58; obligations of, to man-
ufactures, 61, 72, 73; importance of,
72, 73; obligations of, to commerce, 72,
73; annual value of the products of, in
Great Britain and in the United States,
73; of Massachusetts, 143; beneficial
effect of cattle shows upon, in Massa-
chusetts, 185; importance of, 185-190;
compared with mental culture, 225-228;
the importance of, 277; the American
Indians ignorant of, 279; in connection
with commerce, 290, 291; protected by
legal enactments, 291, 292; dependence
of, upon capital, 295; importance of in-
telligence in, 343-346; improvements
in, to be adopted, 347; new varieties
from the seed in, 347; of New England,
393; to be investigated by the travel-
ler, 413; improvements in the imple-
ments of, 438; improvements in, in
Great Britain, 438, 444; in the United
States, 438, 444, 446; literature of, in
Great Britain, 438; the peaceful tri-
umph of, compared with the conquests
of war, 440, 441; results of the im-
provements in, in New England, 440 ;
of Great Britain compared with that of
the United States, 444, 648; turnip cul-
ture the basis of, in Great Britain, 444,
468; of the temperate zone, 444, 648;