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If a man purchase a yoke of oxen for £15 59. 8d., four cows for £20 10s. 6d., and a horse for £26; what did they all cost? Ans. £61, 16s. 2d.

The floors of 4 rooms in a certain house cover 5rd. 24in. of land; the remaining room 1rd. lyd. lft.; and the walls and chimney cover 2rd. 11in.; how much land does the whole house occupy?

Ans. 8rd. lyd. lft. 35in.

A certain field has four sides, whose lengths are as follows: 4ch. 27lin. 5ch. 19lin. 4ch. 50lin. and 6ch. 4lin.; what is the distance round it?

Ans. 20 ch.

What is the weight of 3hhd. of sugar, the first weighing 10cwt. 201b.; the 2d, 9cwt. 1qr. 15oz.; and the 3d, 11cwt 15lb. 14dr.?

Ans. 1 ton, 10 cwt. 2 qr. 7 lb. 15 oz. 14 dr.

3. Subtraction.

149. 1. A person bought a cow for £3 7s. 6s., and sold it for £4 12s. 3d., how much did he gain?

443

s. d.

4 12

3 7 6

Gain 1 4 9

We write the less number under the greater, so that pence shall stand under pence, shillings under shillings, and pounds under pounds; we then begin at the right hand, but as we cannot take 6d. from 3d., we borrow from the 12s. 1s. 12d., which we join with the 3d., making 15d., and then 6d. from 15d. leaves 9d., which we write under the pence. We now proceed to the shillings, but as we have borrowed 1s. from 12s. we call the 12s. 11s., and 7s, from 11s. leaves 4s., and lastly, £3 from £4 leaves £1. Thus we find that he gained £1 4s. 9d The above process is called Compound Subtraction.

Proof 4 12 3

COMPOUND SUBTRACTION

150. Is the taking of one compound number from another, as to find the difference between them. (42)

RULE.

151. Write the less number under the greater, so that the parts which are of the same name may stand directly under each other.

Begin with the lowest denomination, and take the number in the lower line from the one standing over: proceed in the same way with all the denominations.

Should the number in the upper line be less than the one standing under it, suppose as many units to be added to the upper number as will make a unit of the next higher denomination, remembering to diminish the number in the next place inthe upper line by 1.

PROOF. The same as in Simple Subtraction.

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152. In computing interest, the month is commonly reckoned 30 days, and the year 12 months. (145) In working the following questions, in place of the months, write the numbers of the months. (137)

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4. Multiplication and Division.

153.

1. What will 6lb. of coffee cost at 1s. 6d. 3qr. per pound? The cost of 6lb. is d. qr. evidently 6 times gr. the cost of 1lb. ; we 6 therefore multiply

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1 6

Aus. 9 4 2

the price of 1lb. by 6; thus, 6 times 3qrs. are 18qr. 4d. 2qr.,

154. 1. If 6lb. of coffee cost 9s. 4d. 2qr., how much is that per lb. ?

6

3

12

of which we write down the 2qr.,
and reserve the 4d. to be joined 6)40(6d.

with the pence. We then say 6

times 6d. are 36d., and 4d. reserved are 40d. 3s. 4d., of which we write down the 4d., and reserve the 3s. to be joined with the shillings. Lastly,

36

Το

If we divide the s. d. qr. price of 6lb. into 6 6)9 4 2(1s. equal parts, one of those parts must be the price of 1lb. do this we first seek how many times 6 in 9s., and write 1s. for the quotient. We then multiply and subtract as in Simple Division. We then multiply the remainder, 3s., by 12, adding the 4d. (139), and divide the sum 40d. by 6, which gives 6d. for a quotient, and 4d. remain, which reduced to farthings, and the 2qrs. added, make 18qrs. These divided by 6, give 3qrs. for the quotient. Thus we find the price of 1lb. to be 1s. 6d. 3qrs.

18

we say 6 times Is. are 6s., and 3s. 6)18(3qr.
reserved are 9s., which we write
down, and the work is done.

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2. If 47 yards of cloth cost £41 14s. 3d., what is that per yard?

£ s. d.

20

47)834s.(17s.

47

364

329

35.

12

73

Here we divide the whole price by

we

47)41 14 3(£0 the whole quantity, as before. As 47 is not contained in the pounds, place a cipher in the quotient and reduce the pounds to shillings, adding the 14s. Dividing 834s. by 47, we get 17s. in the quo tient. The remainder, 35s., reduc ed to pence, and the 3d. added, give 423d., which divided by 47, give 9d. in the quotient. Thus we find the price of one yard to be 17s. 9.

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155-158

COMPOUND NUMBERS.

COMPOUND MULTIPLICA

TION

53

COMPOUND DIVISION 156. Is the method of sepa

155. Is the method of find-rating a compound number ining the amount of a compound to any proposed number of number by repeating it a pro- equal parts (44). posed number of times (43).

RULE.

157. Write the multiplier under the lowest denomination of the multiplicand. Reserve from each product as many units as may be had of the next higher denomination, and write down the excess, adding the number reserved to the next product.

NOTE. This rule is susceptible of the same contractions as Simple Multiplication.

RULE.

158. Write the numbers as in Simple Division, and divide the several terms of the dividend successively by the divisor. Should the first term of the dividend be less than the divisor, reduce it to the next lower denomination, adding the number of the lower denomination. Do the same with the several remainders.

NOTE. This rule is susceptible of the same contractions as Simple Division.

QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE.

3. What will 6 cows cost at £4 6s. 8d. apiece?

4. What will 9cwt. of cheese cost at £1 11s. 5d. per cwt.?

5. What will 28 yards of broadcloth cost at 19s. 4d. per yard?

6. What will 96 quarters of rye cost at £1 3s. 4d. a qr.? of

7. What will 47 yards cloth cost at 17s. 9d. a yard? 8. How many yards in 17 pieces, each containing 29yds. 3qrs.?

9. What will 94 pair of stockings cost at 12s. 2d. a pair?

10. What will 512 bushels of wheat cost at 58. 10d. a bushel?

11. If a span of horses eat 2 bu. 3 pks. of oats in one week, how many will they eat in 25 weeks?

3. If 6 cows cost £26, how much is that apiece?

4. If 9cwt. of cheese cost £14 2s. 9d. how much is that per cwt.?

5. If 28yds. of broadcloth cost £27 1s. 4d. what is that a

yard?

6. If 96qrs of rye cost £112, how much is that a qr.?

7. If 47yds. of cloth cost £41 14s. 3d. what is that a yard?

8. In505 yd. 3qr. how many pieces of 29yd. 3qr. each?

9. If 94 pair of stockings cost £57 3s. 8d. what is that a pair?

10. If 512 bushels of wheat cost £149 6s. 8d. what is that a bushel?

11. If a span of horses eat 68bu. 3pk. of oats in 25 weeks how much is that a week?

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