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Adjuncts consist of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, and prepositions with their objects.

In the sentence, "Evil counsel frequently brings unhappiness to kings," the adjective"evil" is the adjunct forming part of the subject, the adverb "frequently" is the adjunct of the verb forming part of the predicate, and the preposition "to," with its object "kings," is the adjunct of the object of the transitive verb.

The preposition with its object may be termed the Prepositional Adjunct.

The Prepositional Adjunct.

1. The prepositional adjunct may form part of the subject; as, The eye of the eagle is wonderfully formed.

2. The prepositional adjunct may be joined to the verb which forms part of the predicate; as, The sun shines upon the earth.

3. The prepositional adjunct may be joined to the object which forms part of the predicate; as, The flock requires the constant attention of the shepherd.

4. The prepositional adjunct may form part of both subject and predicate; as, The covering of different animals displays in a striking manner the wisdom of the Creator.

SECTION II.

DISTINCTION OF THE SUBJECT, PREDICATE, OBJECT, AND PREPOSITIONAL ADJUNCT.

Subject.

1. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the subject is simply a noun or a pronoun.

2. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the subject consists of two or more nouns or pronouns.

3. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the subject consists of a noun and words modifying it.

4. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the subject consists of a noun and words placed in apposition to it.

5. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the subject consists simply of an infinitive.

6. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the subject consists of an infinitive and words modifying or governed by it.

7. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the subject consists of part of a

sentence.

PARAGRAPH FOR EXERCISES.

Pure water flows from the fountain. To lie is one of the meanest of vices. Margaret, Queen of James IV., was sister to Henry VIII. There are beautiful isles in the west of Scotland. To secure the independence of his country was the sole desire of this illustrious patriot. Europe, Asia, and Africa, are sometimes called the Old World. Whose daughter art thou? Is not death the lot of all men? Mutual confidence is the soul of friendship. His having once acted treacherously caused him to be always suspected. He and I agreed in our opinion. She sang sweetly. To walk is conducive to health. England and Scotland were united in the reign of Queen Anne. To determine the exact size of the earth is attended with considerable difficulty. The process of change in the feathers of birds is termed moulting. Philip, King of Macedon, was the father of Alexander the Great. Whether he was guilty or not is still a matter of doubt. Tigers live by carnage. How delightful are the consolations

of religion! To enter into further details upon the subject would here be out of place. How wonderful is nature! King, Lords, and Commons, constitute the British Parliament.

Predicate.

1. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the predicate is simply an intransitive verb or a verb passive.

2. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the predicate consists of an intransitive verb, or a verb passive, and words modifying it.

3. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the predicate consists of an intransitive verb, or a verb passive, with words modifying the subject.

4. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the predicate consists of an intransitive verb, or a verb passive, with words placed in apposition to the subject.

5. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the predicate consists of a transitive verb with its object.

PARAGRAPH FOR EXERCISES.

The climate of Arabia is extremely various. The arrow missed the mark. The sun sets. The moping owl complains. The dew sparkles on the grass. The camel has been called "the ship of the desert." The soldier deserted his colours. The trembling partridge falls dead at the sportsman's feet. The buffalo is a native of the Torrid Zone. The plumage of birds is periodically renewed. Quarrelsome persons are despised. Some species of plants require hot climates. The work proceeds. The rain falls in torrents. Charles wandered a miserable outcast. An unruly tongue is a fruitful source of strife.

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Object.

1. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the object of the transitive verb is simply a noun or a pronoun.

2. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the object of the transitive verb is modified by other words.

3. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the object of the transitive verb is simply an infinitive.

4. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the object of the transitive verb is an infinitive with words modifying or governed by it. 5. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the object of the transitive verb is part of a sentence.

PARAGRAPH FOR EXERCISES.

The grateful mind loves to consider the many blessings of Divine bounty. Nothing in nature can exceed the violent effects of fire. No one doubts that the earth is round. The prodigious number of creatures on the earth merits attention. He promised to come. The bishop preached an eloquent sermon. Rain follows thunder. William resolved to give battle on the following day. The veteran warrior disdained to flee. Have you ever considered the wonderful structure of the hairs of your head? A dark cloud overshadowed them. Few men know how much can be accomplished by perseverance. He attempted to give an explanation of the affair. Each year renews the treasures of the peaceful husbandman.

Prepositional Adjunct.

1. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the prepositional adjunct forms part of the subject.

2. Write from the following paragraph the simple

sentences in which the prepositional adjunct is joined to the verb which forms part of the predicate.

3. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the prepositional adjunct is joined to the object which forms part of the predicate.

4. Write from the following paragraph the simple sentences in which the prepositional adjunct forms part of both subject and predicate.

PARAGRAPH FOR EXERCISES.

Some ants inhabit old trunks of trees. Nests are lined in the inside with the most delicate materials. The soil of Europe is distinguished for its valuable productions. Lightning does not always proceed in a straight line. Every month of the year brings us different plants. The Nile exhibits a variety of striking cataracts in its course towards the ocean. The law of gravitation produces a vast variety of scenery in the system of nature. The air is received into the lungs through the windpipe. A precipice in the channel of a river causes a cataract. The mechanism of the human body is replete with wonders.

SECTION III.

CONSTRUCTION OF SIMPLE SENTENCES.

Subject.

1. Write three simple sentences in which the subject is simply a noun or a pronoun.

2. Write three simple sentences in which the subject consists of two or more nouns or pronouns.

3. Write three simple sentences in which the subject consists of a noun and words modifying it.

4. Write three simple sentences in which the subject consists of a noun and words placed in apposition

to it.

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