them, so on April 2nd last, to obviate the alleged necessity of the Guardians sending them to the Pasteur Institute in Paris, we established our Institute in Norwood. The treatment has been strongly recommended by a number of London and provincial medical men who loathe the cruelties and fear the dangers of the Pasteur system, because, you know, people have died under it, and it has been found that the dog that bit them was not mad at all. Pasteur's remedy is the broth of spinal cords from mad animals; he thus injects by means of a needle-like syringe through the skin of the stomach into the system artificial rabies, nothing more nor less. He puts the poison in to cure you; we put you in a bath so hot as to induce profuse perspiration and drive the poison out of the system. We have had considerable successes in India, and we want people to try it in England, instead of rushing off to be poisoned by Pasteur. His system was and is founded on infamous

cruelty; it is to copy his system that the British Institute of Preventive Medicine is being set up on the Thames Embankment near Chelsea. It comprises a series of laboratories for producing and experimenting with diseases on living animals. If they believe so much in experiment, why don't they experiment on themselves? I tell you," continued Mr. Pirkis, "we talk a precious lot about an efficient army, a big navy, and maintaining the morale of our men. But what sort of men are you producing when you teach them that infamous cruelty is all right if something may be got by it. And that is what Pasteurism means.'

And this concluded my interview with Capt. Pirkis, a stout-hearted and warmhearted English gentleman, who believes that by endeavouring to prevent the torture of living animals in scientific laboratories he is serving the highest interests of the human TORBRYAN.

race.

T

HE name of Augustus de Morgan, one of the founders and first professors of the University of London, will ever be remembered with honour. His wife, Sophia Elizabeth de Morgan, daughter of William Frend, whose life at Cambridge was one of public notability at the close of last century, was a woman worthy of her husband's name and celebrity. She took part in the many learned and mathematical pursuits of Mr. de Morgan, but she was also the friend and helper of Lady Byron, Robert Owen, and other leaders of social and philanthropic efforts. In a volume, published by Bentley and Son in 1895, the daughter, Mary de Morgan, has brought together a wonderfully interesting book of reminiscences, chiefly of her mother. It is called "Threescore Years and Ten Reminiscences," so we may expect a large and varied collection of biographical and historical facts, from the days of George III. down to the middle of Victoria's reign.

Among the many subjects of which the book treats, we notice that "Vivisection " is repeatedly introduced, and we extract the following paragraphs as likely to interest readers of the Animals' Friend :

In the "Introductory Memoir " (p. xxxviii) is this sentence: "After my father's death, and when we had moved to Cheyne Row, where she died, my mother became a warm supporter of the movement for abolishing vivisection, believing (in which view my father

had concurred) that whatever gain to knowledge could be purchased by these means would be more than counterbalanced by the gradual moral degradation which must arise from their acceptance and practice."

When they lived in Cheyne Row much was seen of Mr. and Mrs. Carlyle, and many interesting reminiscences are given. "He was strong in denouncing the hideous practice of vivisection. He believed that no real and valuable addition to knowledge would be gained by violating the laws of justice and mercy; and he dwelt particularly on the justice due to animals, who, he said, had their rights the right that is gained by fulfilling a duty to us. So he willingly headed a petition on the subject, the name following his being that of M. Victor Schoelcher."

A deputation from the Victoria Street Society to the Home Office had an interview with Mr. Cross, then Home Secretary. The depu tation was introduced by Lord Shaftesbury. One of the deputation was Cardinal Manning; Mr. Carlyle was asked to go, but refused to accompany the Cardinal. "I think, however, that his age and weakness made him hesitate, and he heartily wished us success." A very touching recollection of Lord Shaftesbury at a meeting of the Victoria Street Society, as recently as in July, 1885, closes the volume, with its record of "Memories of three-score years and ten."

JAMES MACAULAY, M.D.

O hearts that break o'er all the world,

O wronged and lonely ones that weep, Take heart and think what He has said, Who every promise made will keep : "Lo, I who watch when sparrows fall, Thy sorrows know, I know them all."

And when so long and dark the road
You faint, and hope and faith seem dead,
Look up, and, blindly trusting, think

What He, Who faileth not, has said:
"Lo, I who time the sparrow's fall,
Thy griefs will heal, will heal them all."
M. STEWART.

IN

N sending forth the first issue of our third volume, a few remarks are necessary. During the past year we have endeavoured to expound, assisted by many able contributors, the Gospel of Humanity, meaning, thereby, not mere sentimental Kindness to animals, but Justice and Right. By dealing out Justice to animals we recognize that as sentient creatures they have Rights, withheld hitherto by the tyranny of Mankind, and that if we deal justly with them they can dispense with a great deal of that kindness which, lavishly showered on some members of the non-human family, is assumed to cover a multitude of sins perpetrated towards other members equally entitled to consideration.

That progress is being made there can be no question, but ideas and habits, bequeathed by generation to generation, are not to be eradicated in one short decade. They have survived from the "good old days," some of them are hoary with antiquity, and this antiquity is vulgarly held to supply ample justification of customs utterly indefensible when judged by the ordinary standards of justice and mercy. For the purposes of education and of ultimate reform, the world may be divided into two classes-the children and the adults. Some far-seeing publicist once declared, "Let me teach the children, and I do not care who teaches the grownups." That is where our main hope lies in the children. The majority of children can be moulded; and, in our own spheres, we humanitarians can mould them. Bands of Mercy do much, humane literature can do a vast deal in these days of general education, and the school teacher has tremendous opportunities. We have done something ourselves to reach and influence

the school teacher during the past two years, and during the coming year we are hopeful of doing more through the medium of free specimen copies of our magazine. But we would suggest to our readers how they may help. The day and Sunday schools are always in need of new books for their libraries. Let our friends resolve to make it their business to keep them well supplied with humane literature, books and magazines, as fast as they issue from the printing press; let them leave to other folk the presentation of general literature. The production of humane publications is by no means a profitable venture, but if all our friends would make it their business to select for gifts and prizes the many charming publications which teach mercy and kindness to animals, they would at least ensure that there was no loss on these to those who undertake the financial responsibility.

Herein lies a suggestion for the new year and succeeding years to well-wishers of the Cause we represent. Don't rest content with paying a penny for a magazine which is sold at cost price. See that your own church or chapel, through its day school or its Sunday school, or its Young Mens' or Working Girls' Institute or Club, or Parish Room, or any other social centre, has a copy of the humane publications which appeal to you.

There

are coffee taverns and palaces needing them; there are cabmen's shelters and political clubs, there are Young Men's and. Young Women's Christian Associations, there are the libraries and reading rooms of hotels, the saloons of ocean liners and mail steamers, railway waitingrooms, etc., etc. Several very staunch and earnest friends have come to us simply through seeing a copy in a waiting-room

at some dreary station, or in a free library. "Cast thy bread upon the waters, and it shall return to thee after many days."

We have done our best in the past year. Over 115,000 copies of this magazine have been printed and the vast majority circulated within the past twelve months. This has only been possible by the generous help of some of our friends, who have faith in the character of the work done by the Animals' Friend, and believe that its fruit must be good. The expenses, notwithstanding, have considerably exceeded the receipts, and we are face to face with the fact previously expressed-that the production of humane literature is not financially satisfactory. We want to make this magazine pay its expenses. We believe it would do so with a larger sale, not that there is any profit on the sale itself, but that when a magazine has a large and influential circulation it can secure advertisements for which considerable payments are made by advertisers. We have done our best, and we can only ask our friends and well-wishers to do theirs. If they will induce their friends to take the magazine regularly and so obtain fresh subscribers who will in turn induce still others to subscribe to it, we shall secure an ever-widening circle of readers. It is all very well to piously wish for the success of the magazine, but please help to make it a success. The Animals' Friend is the object of much thoughtful solicitude and labour to its promoters and conductors. Who will sustain their arms ?

Our third year, our new year, has commenced. The shadows lengthen, and there is yet so much to be done.

On

every hand there is persistent, wilful or thoughtless cruelty, some of it ignorantly, some of it wilfully inflicted. Not merely the ignorant, but even so-called refined and cultivated persons, condone, support or inflict unmerited and unjustifiable suffering every day of their lives. And yet one would have thought that the suffering inseparable from the existence of all who live would have begotten in the minds of men and women a feeling of tender sympathy for all life which can suffer! Imagination reels at the effort to realize the amount of pain and torture inflicted on the non-human animals from the commencement of the world. For over 3000 years one form of cruelty alone, the most terrible of all, has been carried out by a heartless science, and a cruel, selfish public permit it. Like the vivisector, the

public never hear the cries of pain, they are deaf to the moans of the tortured. Yet the mournful cadence of their sufferings has been borne on the breezes of more than thirty centuries, and the great, outside world heeds it not.

And the moral of it all? We must keep doing. Despite all discouragements we must peg away. When we reflect on what we are attempting and how much we may be accomplishing of which we know nothing, we feel we must go on. Two years ago our wholesale City agents took four dozen copies monthly. Now they have got into the second thousand, and where these copies go and to whom we know not. They circulate all over the land, and their influence must count for something. This quantity is, of course, additional to the much larger number supplied direct to subscribers from our own offices. Satisfactory though this is, it is not enough. If we could afford to spend considerable sums in advertising the magazine in the newspapers the sale would be much greater, at least we judge so from the letters of congratulation we receive from time to time from persons who accidentally are made aware that such a magazine is published.

Most earnestly, therefore, do we appeal to all our readers and well-wishers to make the Animals' Friend known. It is heartbreaking work nowadays to make a new publication even pay its way, but as ours is not a mere commercial undertaking, but a magazine with a definite and serious mission, all those who profess and call themselves humanitarians ought to strenuously help to make it self-supporting, because-and for that reason only—it is honestly striving to help those who cannot speak and plead for themselves. In some reflections upon the Battle of Waterloo Scott says:

"The deadly tug of war at length Must limits find in human strength, And cease when these are past.' And there are limits to our exchequer. The deadly tug of war will last for ever, maybe, but unless the sinews of war are found for us we shall have to retire to the rear and hang up our sword. When we think of the many thousands of welldressed, comfortably-provided-for persons who profess anxiety for the improvement of the lot of suffering, harried and tortured animals, and yet never trouble to give even a little half-a-crown to one or other of the organizations striving to ameliorate their condition, we call to mind the remark

Caus& Crampton

"STAR-GAZERS."

(Reproduced by kind permission of Mr. Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S., from his Copyright Photograph.)

of the good old Quaker to some person loud in expressions of sympathy :"Friend, is thy sympathy worth 1?" If we serve the good cause in proportion to our resources, if we are doing something, surely our well-wishers will see to it that we have adequate support without begging for it? What we do in the future must depend upon our friends. We shall go on ploughing and sowing according to our means. If we only break the ground for those who come after, it will be counted to us for righteousness. But, is the harvest to be deferred until there arises a generation with more enthusiasm, a larger faith, a greater spirit of helpfulness and self-sacrifice? Is the war-chest to be replenished by the few unselfish ones, instead of by the many? Are the " creatures delivered into our hands" to endure their unjust sufferings until the coming of a generation more worthy of the great cause to which we are called?

W

මං o the Memory of

ALKING the other day in the garden of a friend in Hastings, I came to a pleasant nook, where a euonymus shrub had recently been planted, and surrounded by a circle of Tom Thumb nasturtiums. On a twig of the shrub hung a pretty label, or tablet, with a black border, recording the epitaph, as I learned, of a favourite Yorkshire blue-tan terrier. I transcribed the memorial words, in which some of your young readers may be interested, not so much as a Latin exercise, which I venture to translate, but as an illustration of, perhaps, the imperishable hold which even a little dog keeps on the memory and heart of her owner. He could not enlarge on all the virtues of his lost friend, beyond saying that Tina might somehow be partaker of the larger hope; but that, at least, if she failed in the Elysian fields to answer his

We hope to publish next month a full list of donations to our Sustentation Fund received during the past half year.

We want next month to send a copy of the Animals' Friend for November to some thousands of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses. For every shilling we can send 8 copies, for half-a-crown, 20; for five shillings, 40; for ten shillings, 80; for twenty shillings, 160, and so on. We have the wrappers already addressedthousands of them; we have a special appeal to teachers in type, ready for use. We have considerably over 20,000 readers monthly. If 1,000 of these sent us halfa-crown each we could send out at least 20,000 copies. There are some 30,000 teachers, and there are a few millions of children to influence now, before they go into the world to be hardened. This is the seed time. Shall it pass away, and

AST month an elephant "kraal" was organized in the jungles of our northwest province to capture wild elephants. This "interesting" scene was witnessed by thousands; among them were His Excellency the Governor, and the leading officials of the island, including a Church of England missionary! Several animals were captured, among them some "babies." One of these, a week old, was presented to Miss Ridgeway, the daughter of His Excellency the Governor, and after an existence of two weeks away from its mother,

but under the gentle care of Queen's House servants, the poor little thing succumbed today. What else was to be expected? Would a post-mortem reveal the fact that it was a case of starvation-of cruelty to an infant animal? There were some incidents which usually take place in a "kraal." One or two mahouts were severely handled by the elephants, and an old experienced man died a few days ago, from the effects of the mauling and goring he received from a monarch of the jungles of Ceylon. I send you two photos of elephants taken in Ceylon.