Sweetpotato: Major Pests, Diseases, and Nutritional Disorders

acid soils Adult weevils affected aphid areas attack bassiana Beauveria bassiana beetles biological control Boron deficiency carabids caterpillars cause Coleoptera control measures cultivars Curculionidae damage Deficiency Occurrence Description and biology develop Distribution and importance East Africa eggs Eriophyid feed Feeders female fertilizers fibrous roots fleshy roots foliage formicarius fungi fungus Fusarium generalist predators green harvest host Indonesia infected instar International Potato Center Ipomoea batatas Kenya kg/ha larvae leaf folder Leaf Spot leaves become Lepidoptera lesions litura magnesium deficiency moth Mottle Virus natural enemies necrotic nematodes nitrogen nutrients Nutritional Disorders occur older leaves parasites pathogen pests of sweetpotato petioles phosphorus Phosphorus Deficiency planting material potassium pupae Pupation Pyralidae reduce sanitation sclerotia Southeast Asia species SPFMV spores SPVD stem stemborer storage roots surface sweetpotato butterfly sweetpotato crop sweetpotato fields sweetpotato pests Symptoms t/ha tabaci tissue toxic tunnels usually veins virus diseases viruses whitefly wilting worldwide yellow yield losses