ADDITION OF INTEGERS.

ADDITION teaches to collect two or more numbers into one total sum.

RULE.

There must be a due regard had in placing the figures one under the other, that is, units under units, tens under tens, hundreds under hundreds, &c.; then begin at the right hand column, and add up each column successively and set down its amount; but if either of the amounts be ten or more, set down only its right hand figure, and add the number expressed by its left hand figure or figures to the next column; and so continue to the last column, at which set down the total amount.

Proof-Perform the addition downwards; that is, begin at the top and add the figures downwards-and if the sum total be the same, it is right.

1. A testator bequeathed to his widow 3640 dollars, to his eldest son 3100 dollars, to three other sons each 2550 dollars, to his five daughters 1900 dollars each, to his executor 200 dollars, and left for charitable purposes 975 dollars. I desire to know the amount of the several bequests.

2. A man born in the year 1797-when will he be 38 years of age? Ans. 1835.

3. A man lent his friend, at different times, these several sums, viz: 12 dollars, 91 dollars, 513 dollars, 9 dollars, 100 dollars, 69 dollars, and 721 dollars-How much did he lend in all? Ans. 1515.

4. Bought a parcel of goods, for which I paid 147 dollars; for packing, 3 dollars; carriage, 14 dollars What do these goods stand me in?

Ans. 164.

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5. A. has due to him, on bond, 2159 dollars; counts, 641 dollars; in sundry notes and due bills, 550 dollars, and in cash, 850 dollars. Required the amount due to him in all.

Ans. 4200.

6. A. of West Chester, owes to B. of Philadelphia, for goods received in January, 112 dollars; for goods received in April, 296 dollars; for goods received in July, 341 dollars; for goods received in October, 176 dollars. I desire to know the amount of the whole bill.

Ans. 925.

7. A gentleman left his elder daughter 1200 dollars more than the younger, and her fortune was 6000 dollars-What was the elder's fortune, and what did the father leave them? Ans. Elder's, 7200; father left them, 13200. 8. Thomas has 25 apples, James double that number, and William as many as both-How many have they all?

Ans. 150.

9. An agent having been out with bills, brings home an account that A. paid him seven dollars, B. ninety-one dollars, C. sixty-four dollars, D. 79 dollars, E. twenty-six dollars, F. ninety-nine dollars, G. two hundred and forty dollars, and H. one hundred and eighty-nine dollars. I desire to know the whole amount.

Ans. 795. 10. There are two numbers, the least whereof is 96; their difference 144-What is the greater number and sum of both? Ans. 240 greater; 336 sum.

11. A farmer raised in one season three hundred bushels of wheat, two hundred and sixty-five of rye, seven hundred and twenty-eight of oats, three hundred and eighty-seven of corn, one hundred and twenty-four of buckwheat, and one hundred and ninety-six of barley-How many bushels had he altogether? Ans. 2000.

12. Purchased 11 yards of cloth for seventy dollars, 15 yards of linen for nine dollars, 25 yards of silk for forty-seven dollars, 100 yards of muslin for thirteen dollars, 20 yards of cassinet for twenty-five dollars, and other goods to the amount of one hundred and sixty-four dollars-What is the amount of the whole? Ans. 328.

13. If I buy, at one time, twelve acres of land for 312 dollars; at another, five acres for 300 dollars; at a third, seven acres for 210 dollars; at a fourth, nine acres for 198 dollars; at a fifth, six acres for 72 dollars; at a sixth, twelve acres for 336 dollars; and expend for building, 4728 dollars -How many acres have I, what is the cost of the land alone, also the cost including the building?

Ans. 49 acres; 1422 cost of the land alone;

6150 cost including the building. $1

14. A gentleman had a service of plate, which consisted of eighteen dishes, weighing 10 pounds; forty plates, weighing 23 pounds; three dozen spoons, weighing seven pounds; five salts and five pepper boxes, weighing 4 pounds; knives and forks, weighing 5 pounds; three large cups, a tankard and a mug, weighing 10 pounds; a tea kettle, weighing 7 pounds; together with several other small articles, weighing 12 pounds. I desire to know the weight of the whole. Ans. 78.

SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS. SUBTRACTION teaches to take a less number from a greater, and shows the remainder or difference.

RULE.

Place the smaller quantity under the larger-units under units, tens under tens, &c.-as in addition; then begin at the right hand figures, and if the under figure be less than the upper, take the difference and set it down; take each difference successively, but if any of the under figures be greater than the upper, then take it from ten, and add the upper figure to this difference, observing to add one to the next under figure; and thus proceed to the end.

Proof-Add the remainder and less line together, and (if right) the sum will be the same as the greater number.

1. A horse in his harness is worth one hundred and forty dollars; out of it, one hundred and fifteen dollars. I desire to know how much the horse is worth more than the harness.

90 Ans. The horse worth more than the harness. 2. A man born in the year 1797, what is his age in the year 1837? Ans. 40 years. 3. What is the difference in the ages of a man born in 1793, and another born in 1823? Ans. 30 years. 4. A gentleman dying, left 5864 dollars between two daughters: the youngest was to have 2932 dollars-What was the elder's share? Ans. $2932. 6. The mariner's compass was invented about the year 1302-How long has it been invented, counting to the year 1837? Ans. 533 years.

7. If a man have two thousand seven hundred and fortyone acres of land, and sell one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine acres-how many acres has he left? Ans. 742.

8. If a man have, in cash, six thousand seven hundred and twenty-five dollars, and pay sundry debts amounting to two thousand two hundred and ninety-four dollars-How much has he left? Ans. 4431 dollars.

9. Bought forty-five barrels of flour for two hundred and seventy dollars, and sold twenty-one barrels for one hundred and forty-seven dollars-How many barrels have I left, and how much do they stand me in?

Ans. 24 barrels, and stand me in 123 dollars. 10. A's annual income is six hundred and twenty-five dollars, and B's four hundred and seventy dollars-How much is A's more than B's? Ans. 155 dollars.

11. A. travels westward one thousand eight hundred and thirty miles; B. sets out from the same place, and follows in the same direction one thousand seven hundred and ninetyseven miles How many miles are they apart? Ans. 33. 12. Sold goods for seven hundred and twenty-seven dollars, which cost me eight hundred and fourteen dollars-How many dollars did I lose by the sale?

Ans. 87.