XVIII. But go!--and rouse your warriors;-for, if right Go! seek the light its warlike beacons show; XIX. Scarce had he utter'd-when Heav'n's verge extreme scream, To freeze the blood, in one discordant jar, XX. Then look'd they to the hills, where fire o'erhung She faints, she falters not,-th' heroic fair,- XXI. Then came of every race the mingled swarm, And first the wild Moravian yagers pass, His plumed host the dark Iberian joins XXIV. Short time is now for gratulating speech: Thy country's flight, yon distant tow'rs to reach, With brow relax'd to love? And murmurs ran, As round and round their willing ranks they drew, XXV. Past was the flight, and welcome seem'd the tow'r, Here stood secure the group, and eyed a distant scene. XXVI. A scene of death! where fires beneath the sun, XXVII. But short that contemplation-sad and short Where friendly swords were drawn, and banners flew ; And Scotia's sword beneath the Highland thistle shines. And Albert-Albert-falls! the dear old father bleeds! Half could I bear, methinks, to leave this earth,— And thee, more loved than aught beneath the sun, If I had lived to smile but on the birth Of one dear pledge;—but shall there then be none, To clasp thy neck, and look, resembling me? Lord of my bosom's love! to die beholding thee!»> XXXII. Hush'd were his Gertrude's lips! but still their bland Ah, heart! where once each fond affection dwelt, Of them that stood encircling his despair, And we shall share, my Christian boy! The foeman's blood, the avenger's joy! XXXVI. But thee, my flow'r, whose breath was giv'n By milder genii o'er the deep, The spirits of the white man's heav'n Nor will the Christian host, XXXVII. To-morrow let us do or die! Its echoes, and its empty tread, XXXVIII. . Or shall we cross yon mountains blue, He heard some friendly words;-but knew not what Whose streams my kindred nation quaff'd? they were. XXXIII. For now, to mourn their judge and child, arrives XXXIV. Then mournfully the parting bugle bid He watch'd, beneath its folds, each burst that came XXXV. And I could weep; -th' Oneyda chief His descant wildly thus begun: • But that I may not stain with grief The death-song of my father's son, Or bow this head in woe! For by my wrongs, and by my wrath! To-morrow Areouski's breath (That fires yon heav'n with storms of death) Shall light us to the foe: And by my side, in battle true, A thousand warriors drew the shaft? Ah! there in desolation cold, The desert serpent dwells alone, Where grass o'ergrows each mould'ring bone Then seek we not their camp,-for there- XXXIX. . But hark the trump!-to-morrow thou NOTES. Note 1, page 13, col. 1. From merry mock-bird's song. THE mocking-bird is of the form, but larger, than the thrush; and the colours are a mixture of black, white, and grey. What is said of the nightingale, by its greatest admirers, is what may, with more propriety, apply to this bird, who, in a natural state, sings with very superior taste. Towards evening I have heard | passage as a specimen of their metaphorical manner : << Where shall I seek the chair of peace? Where shall I find it but upon our path? and whither doth our path lead us but unto this house?»> one begin softly, reserving its breath to swell certain notes, which by this means, had a most astonishing effect. A gentleman in London had one of these birds for six years. During the space of a minute he was heard to imitate the wood-lark, chaffinch, blackbird, thrush, and sparrow. In this country (America) I have frequently known the mocking-birds so engaged in this mimiery, that it was with much difficulty I could ever obtain an opportunity of hearing their own natural note. Some go so far as to say, that they have neither peculiar notes, nor favourite imitations. This may be denied. Their few natural notes resemble those of the (European) nightingale. Their song, however, has a greater compass and volume than the nightingale, and they have the faculty of varying all intermediate notes in a manner which is truly delightful.»—ASHE's Travels in America, vol. ii, p. 73. Note 2, page 13, col. 1. And distant isles that hear the loud Corbrechtan roar. Note 6, page 14, col. 1. Our wampum league thy brethren did embrace. When they solicit the alliance, offensive or defensive, of a whole nation, they send an embassy with a large belt of wampum and a bloody hatchet, inviting them to come and drink the blood of their enemies. The wampum made use of on these and other occasions, before their acquaintance with the Europeans, was nothing but small shells which they picked up by the sea-coasts and on the banks of the lakes; and now it is nothing but a kind of cylindrical beads, made of shells, white and black, which are esteemed among them as silver and gold are among us. The black they call the most valuable, and both together are their greatest riches and ornaments; these among them answering all the end that money does amongst us. They have the art of stringing, twisting, and interweaving them into their belts, collars, blankets, and mocassins, etc. in ten thousand different sizes, forms, and figures, so as to be ornaments for every part of dress, and expressive to them of all their important transactions. They dye the wampum of various colours and shades, and mix and dispose them with great ingenuity and order, and so as to be significant among themselves of almost every thing they please; so that by these their words are kept, and their thoughts communicated to one another, as ours are by writing. The belts that pass from one nation to another in all treaties, declarations, and important The Corybrechtan, or Corbrechtan, is a whirlpool on the western coast of Scotland, near the Island of Jura, which is heard at a prodigious distance. Its name signifies the whirlpool of the Prince of Denmark; and there is a tradition that a Danish prince once undertook, for a wager, to cast anchor in it. He is said to have used woollen instead of hempen ropes, for greater strength, but perished in the attempt. On the shores of Argyleshire, I have often listened with great delight to the sound of this vortex, at the distance of many leagues. When the weather is calm, and the adjacent sea scarcely heard on these picturesque shores, its sound, which is like the sound of innumerable chariots, creates a mag-transactions are very carefully preserved in the cabins nificent and fine effect. Note 3, page 13, col. 2. Of buskin'd limb, and swarthy lineament. . In the Indian tribes there is a great similarity in their colour, stature, etc. They are all, except the Snake Indians, tall in stature, straight, and robust. It is very seldom they are deformed, which has given rise to the supposition that they put to death their deformed children. Their skin is of a copper colour; their eyes large, bright, black, and sparkling, indicative of a subtile and discerning mind: their hair is of the same colour, and prone to be long, seldom or never curled. Their teeth are large and white; I never observed any decayed among them, which makes their breath as sweet as the air they inhale. - Travels through America by Capts. Lewis and CLARKE, in 1804-5-6. 11 Note 4, page 14, col. 1. Peace be to thee! my words this belt approve. of their chiefs, and serve not only as a kind of record or history, but as a public treasure. -Major ROGERS'S Account of North America. Note 7, page 14, col. 1. As when the evil Manitou. . It is certain the Indians acknowledge one Supreme Being, or Giver of Life, who presides over all things; that is, the Great Spirit; and they look up to him as the source of good, from whence no evil can proceed. They also believe in a bad Spirit, to whom they ascribe great power; and suppose that through his power all the evils which befall mankind are inflicted. To him, therefore, they pray in their distresses, begging that he would either avert their troubles or moderate them when they are no longer avoidable, « They hold also that there are good Spirits of a lower degree, who have their particular departments, in which they are constantly contributing to the happiness These they suppose to preside over all the • The Indians of North America accompany every for- of mortals. extraordinary productions of Nature, such as those mal address to strangers, with whom they form or recognise a treaty of amity, with a present of a string, or lakes, rivers, and mountains that are of an uncommon belt, of wampum. Wampum (says Cadwallader Col-magnitude; and likewise the beasts, birds, fishes, and den) is made of the large whelk shell, Buccinum, and shaped like long beads: it is the current money of the Indians-History of the five Indian Nations, p. 34. New York edition. Note 5, page 14, col. 1. The paths of peace my steps have hither led. In relating an interview of Mohawk Indians with the Governor of New York, Colden quotes the following even vegetables or stones, that exceed the rest of their species in size or singularity. »—CLARKE's Travels among the Indians. The Supreme Spirit of good is called by the Indians Kitchi Manitou; and the Spirit of evil Matchi Manitou. Note 8, page 14, col. 1. Fever-balm and sweet sagamité. The fever-balm is a medicine used by these tribes; it is a decoction of a bush called the Fever Tree. Saga-out; the stem is of cane, alder, or some kind of light mité is a kind of soup administered to their sick. Note 9, page 14, col. 1. And I, the eagle of my tribe, have rush'd With this lorn dove. The testimony of all travellers among the American Indians who mention their hieroglyphics, authorises me in putting this figurative language in the mouth of Outalissi. The dove is among them, as elsewhere, an emblem of meekness; and the eagle, that of a bold, noble, and liberal mind. When the Indians speak of a warrior who soars above the multitude in person and endowments, they say, he is like the eagle who destroys his enemies, and gives protection and abundance to the weak of his own tribe.» = ་་ Note 10, page 14, col. 2. Far differently, the mute Oneyda took, etc. They are extremely circumspect and deliberate in every word and action; nothing hurries them into any intemperate wrath, but that inveteracy to their enemics which is rooted in every Indian's breast. In all other instances they are cool and deliberate, taking care to suppress the emotion of the heart. If an Indian has discovered that a friend of his is in danger of being cut off by a lurking enemy, he does not tell him of his danger in direct terms as though he were in fear, but he first coolly asks him which way he is going that day, and having his answer, with the same indifference tells him that he has been informed that a noxious beast lies on the route he is going. This hint proves sufficient, and his friend avoids the danger with as much caution as though every design and motion of his enemy had been pointed out to him. If an Indian has been engaged for several days in the chase, and by accident continued long without food, when he arrives at the hut of a friend, where he knows that his wants will be immediately supplied, he takes care not to show the least symptoms of impatience, or betray the extreme hunger that he is tortured with; but on being invited in, sits contentedly down and smokes his pipe with as much composure as if his appetite was cloyed and he was perfectly at ease. He does the same if among strangers. This custom is strictly adhered to by every tribe, as they esteem it a proof of fortitude, and think the reverse would entitle them to the appellation of old women. If you tell an Indian that his children have greatly signalized themselves against an enemy, have taken many scalps, and brought home many prisoners, he does not appear to feel any strong emotions of pleasure on the occasion; his answer generally is,-they have 'done well,' and he makes but very little inquiry about the matter; on the contrary, if you inform him that his children are slain or taken prisoners, he makes no complaints: he only replies, 'It is unfortunate:'-and for some time asks no questions about how it happened.-LEWIS and CLARKE's Travels. When wood, painted with different colours, and decorated with the heads, tails, and feathers of the most beautiful birds. The use of the calumet is to smoke either tobacco or some bark, leaf, or herb, which they often use instead of it, when they enter into an alliance or any among them the most sacred oath that can be taken, serious occasion or solemn engagements; this being the violation of which is esteemed most infamous, and they treat of war, the whole pipe and all its ornaments are deserving of severe punishment from Heaven. position of the feathers, etc. one acquainted with their red: sometimes it is red only on one side, and by the discustoms will know at first sight what the nation who presents it intends or desires. Smoking the calumet is also a religious ceremony on some occasions, and in all treaties is considered as a witness between the parties, or rather as an instrument by which they invoke the sun and moon to witness their sincerity, and to be as it were a guarantee of the treaty between them. This ridiculous, is not without its reasons; for as they find custom of the Indians, though to appearance somewhat that smoking tends to disperse the vapours of the brain, to raise the spirits, and to qualify them for thinking cils, where, after their resolves, the pipe was considered and judging properly, they introduce it into their counformance thereof, it was sent to those they were conas a seal of their decrees, and as a pledge of their persulting, in alliance or treaty with;-so that smoking drinking together and out of the same cup.”—Major among them at the same pipe, is equivalent to our ROGERS'S Account of North America, 1766. The lighted calumet is also used among them for a purpose still more interesting than the expression of forbid any appearance of gallantry between the sexes social friendship. The austere manners of the Indians in day-time; but at night the young lover goes a calumetting, as his courtship is called. in a state of equality, and without fear of internal vioAs these people live lence or theft in their own tribes, they leave their doors open by night as well as by day. The lover takes advantage of this liberty, lights his calumet, enters the cabin of his mistress, and gently presents it to her. If she extinguishes it, she admits his addresses; but if she suffer it to burn unnoticed, he retires with a disappointed and throbbing heart.-ASHE's Travels. Note 12, page 14, col. 2. Train'd from his tree-rock'd cradle to his bier. with clothes, or skins; and being laid on his back, is any business to transact at home, they hang the board Note 13, page 14, col. 2. The fierce extremes of good and ill to brook Of the active as well as passive fortitude of the Indian ! character, the following is an instance related by Adair great honour and sweet revenge by cutting them off. in his Travels :— Resolution, a convenient spot, and sudden surprise, would effect the main object of all his wishes and hopes. He accordingly creeped, took one of their tomahawks, and killed them all on the spot,-clothed himself, took a choice gun, and as much ammunition and provisions as he could well carry in a running march. He set off afresh with a light heart, and did not sleep for several successive nights, only when he reclined, as usual, a little before day, with his back to a tree. As it were by instinet, when he found he was free from the pursuing enemy, he made directly to the very place where he had killed seven of his enemies and was taken by them for the fiery torture. He digged them up, burnt their bodies to ashes, and went home in safety with singular triumph. Other pursuing ene camp of their dead people, when the sight gave them a greater shock than they had ever known before. In their chilled war-council they concluded, that as he had done such surprising things in his defence before he was captured, and since that in his naked condition, and now was well armed, if they continued the pursuit he would spoil them all, for he surely was an enemy wizard,-and therefore they returned home.»-ADAIR'S General Observations on the American Indians, p. 394. It is surprising," says the same author, «to see the long continued speed of the Indians. Though some of us have often run the swiftest of them out of sight for about the distance of twelve miles, yet afterwards, without any seeming toil, they would stretch on, leave us out of sight, and outwind any horse.-Ibid., p. 318. A party of the Senekah Indians came to war against the Katabba, bitter enemies to each other.-In the woods the former discovered a sprightly warrior belonging to the latter, hunting in their usual light dress: on his perceiving them, he sprung off for a hollow rock four or five miles distant, as they intercepted him from running homeward. He was so extremely swift and skilful with the gun, as to kill seven of them in the running fight before they were able to surround and take him. They earried him to their country in sad triumph; but though he had filled them with uncommon grief and shame for the loss of so many of their kindred, yet the love of martial virtue induced them to treat him during their long journey, with a great deal more civility than if he had acted the part of a coward. The women and chil-mies came, on the evening of the second day, to the dren, when they met him at their several towns, beat him and whipped him in as severe a manner as the occasion required, according to their law of justice, and at last he was formally condemned to die by the fiery torture. It might reasonably be imagined that what he had for some time gone through, by being fed with a scanty hand, a tedious march, lying at night on the bare ground, exposed to the changes of the weather with his arms and legs extended in a pair of rough stocks, and suffering such punishment on his entering into their hostile towns, as a prelude to those sharp torments for which he was destined, would have so impaired his health and affected his imagination, as to have sent him to his long sleep, out of the way of any more sufferings.-Probably this would have been the case with the major part of white people under similar If an Indian were driven out into the extensive woods, circumstances; but I never knew this with any of the with only a knife and a tomahawk, or a small hatchet, Indians and this cool-headed, brave warrior, did not it is not to be doubted but he would fatten even where deviate from their rough lessons of martial virtue, but a wolf would starve. He would soon collect fire by rubacted his part so well as to surprise and sorely vex his bing two dry pieces of wood together, make a bark hut, numerous enemies :-for when they were taking him, earthen vessels, and a bow and arrows; then kill wild unpinioned, in their wild parade, to the place of tor-game, fish fresh-water tortoises, gather a plentiful variety ture, which lay near to a river, he suddenly dashed down of vegetables, and live in affluence.»-Ibid., p. 410. those who stood in his way, sprung off, and plunged into the water, swimming underneath like an otter, only rising to take breath, till he reached the opposite shore, He now ascended the steep bank, but though he had good reason to be in a hurry, as many of the enemy were in the water, and others running, very like bloodhounds, in pursuit of him, and the bullets flying around him from the time he took to the river, yet his heart did not allow him to leave them abruptly, without taking leave, in a formal manner, in return for the extraordinary favours they had done, and intended to do, him. After slapping a part of his body, in defiance to them (continues the author), he put up the shrill war-whoop, as his last salute, till some more convenient opportunity offered, and darted off in the manner of a beast broke loose from its torturing enemies. He continued his speed, so as to run by about midnight of the same day as far as his eager pursuers were two days in reaching. There he rested till he happily discovered five of those Indians who had pursued him :-he lay a little way their camp, till they were sound asleep. Every circumstance of his situation occurred to him, and inspired him with heroism. He was naked, torn, and hungry, and his enraged enemies were come up with him;-but there was now every thing to relieve his wants, and a fair opportunity to save his life, and get Note 14, page 14, col. 2. Note 15, page 14, col. 2. Sleep, wearied one! and in the dreaming land Shouldst thou to-morrow with thy mother meet. «There is nothing (says Charlevoix), in which these barbarians carry their superstitions farther, than in what regards dreams; but they vary greatly in their manner of explaining themselves on this point. Sometimes it is the reasonable soul which ranges abroad, while the sensitive continues to animate the body. Sometimes it is the familiar genius who gives salutary counsel with respect to what is going to happen. Sometimes it is a visit made by the soul of the object of which he dreams. But in whatever manner the dream is conceived, it is always looked upon as a thing sacred, and as the most ordinary way in which the gods make known their will to off men. Filled with this idea, they cannot conceive how we should pay no regard to them. For the most part they look upon them either as a desire of the soul, inspired by some genius, or an order from him, and in consequence of this principle they hold it a religious duty to obey them. An Indian having dreamt of having a finger cut off, had it really cut off as soon as he |