company, rising and falling, and is the favourite food of fish. Ephemera, Baëtis, Cloëon. Scorpion-flies or Panorpites. Larva and pupa unknown. Imago with long, filiform, multi-articulate antennæ ; mandibles and maxillæ corneous, produced into a beak; wings of equal development, horizontally recumbent on the back; tarsi five-jointed; telum armed with an appendage resembling a lobster's claw: flight weak, of short duration, diurnal. Inhabits abundantly the woods and hedges of England throughout the summer. Panorpa. Dragon-flies or Libellulites. Larva with short antennæ ; mandibles corneous, masticatory; labium very elongate, jointed and remarkable, being furnished with predatory, acute, mandibuliform palpi; aquatic, carnivorous. Pupa isomorphous. Imago with minute antennæ nearly concealed; mandibles strong, corneous, masticatory; labium of moderate proportions; wings of uniform development, beautifully reticulated, porrected laterally or meeting vertically above the back; tarsi three-jointed; flight rapid, well sustained; active, carnivorous. Agrion, Libellula, Eschna, represented at page 199, the central figure. Aberrant Orders.-Ticklers or Thripsites. Larva resembles the perfect insect, but has a softer body, with the meso- and metathorax distinct; the mouth is almost similar to that of the imago, but the antenna and legs are shorter; there are no simple eyes, and the compound are replaced by conglomerate eyes. Pupa resembles the perfect insect, but the articulation of the limbs is obscured by a film, and the wings are enclosed in short fixed sheaths: the antennæ are turned back on the head, and the insect, though it moves about, is much more sluggish than in the other states. Imago having the parts of the mouth united to form a short conical sucker, more fleshy than horny and not retractile; the labium has the usual parts, the labium, properly so called, being the longest; the ligula is sometimes prolonged between the labial feelers, equalling them in length, at others it does not reach beyond the base of these organs; the labial feelers are short and three-jointed; the maxillæ are somewhat triangular, with their lacinia acute the maxillary feelers are distinct and two- or three-jointed; the galea is obsolete; the mandibles are elongate and setiform, with their base flattened and dilated; the antennæ are somewhat moniliform and usually eight-jointed; the eyes are lateral and oval; the ocelli three, and situated in a triangle between the eyes; the prothorax is large and flat, the meso- and metathorax are so closely soldered together that the division is scarcely to be traced; the fore and hind wings are alike, long, narrow, delicate, generally nerveless and fringed with long ciliæ; the tarsi are twojointed and without claws. Inhabits flowers, leaves, and the bark of trees. Thrips. Bee-parasites or Stylopites. Larva apod, with a corneous head; inhabits the bodies of wasps and bees in the perfect state, the head of the larva projecting between the abdominal segments of the bee. Pupa changes in the same situations. Imago with elongate, linear mandibles, and minute maxillæ, but large maxillary feelers; the antenna have but few joints, and these are of very irregular form: there are two tippet-like appendages very near the head, and two large membranaceous wings, by some supposed to be analogous to the wings of Diptera or the fore wings, by others to those of Coleoptera or the hind wings; the question is one of great interest, and its solution is reserved for more able insect-anatomists than have hitherto dissected this curious creature. The perfect insect flies in the sunshine, occasionally settling on twigs and leaves, on which it runs rapidly, vibrating its tippets and wings; the tarsi are twothree- or four-jointed. Stylops, Elenchus, Halictophagus. Fleas or Pulicites. Larva long, slender, wormlike and without feet, composed of thirteen segments, the last having two hooks; inhabits the young of quadrupeds and birds, particularly of pigeons in a domesticated state, on the blood of which it probably feeds. Pupa quiescent, necromorphous, changes in a little silken cocoon, in which it remains from eleven to sixteen days. Imago with the antenna many-jointed, usually concealed in cavities of the skull, but capable of being erected at the pleasure of the insect; the parts of the mouth are nearly as in Diptera; eyes simple; legs long; tarsi five-jointed. Inhabits all countries, sucking the blood of man and animals. Pulex. EXPLANATORY INDEX. ABBREVIATIONS:-la. larva; pu. pupa; im. imago: where neither of these is used the Abbreviatus, when apparently un- increasing in thickness towards 265 Aculeus or sting of female bees, Ægeria, a genus of Egeriites, 213; 208 Ægeriites, an order of Lepidoptera, Eneus, bright brassy or gold green Aheneus, bright brassy or gold Alæ, wings of insects, 165; fig. 168 Aleyrodites, an order of Hemip- Allantites, an order of Hymenop- Allux, the third joint in the tarsi Alticites, order of Coleoptera, 258 Alucitites, an order of Lepidop- Amorpha, insects in which the Anisomorpha or Neuroptera, in Ant, yellow, history of, 41; its Ant, white, history of the, 57; T Ant-beetles, Clerites, an order of Coleoptera, 249 Ant-lion, its history, 14; la. fi- Ant-lion flies, Leptites, an order of Antennæ or cranial feelers, sup- Anthicites, an order of Coleoptera, Anthracites, order of Diptera, 221 A pathites, an order of Hymenop- Apatura, a genus of Papilionites, Arctia, a genus of Arctiites, 212; Arctiites, order of Lepidoptera, 212 Asticta, a genus of Allantites, fi- Ater, the colour of liquid ink, 173; Aureus or golden yellow, the colour Badius or bay, the colour of a bay Balaninus, a genus of Curculi- Bee, honey, history of, 33; the Bee, mason, Melliturgites, an or- Bee, burrowing, Andrenites, an Bee, flower, Panurgites, an order notch down its centre, 160 maxillæ, 162; figured, 159, o 4 |