Note. The gerunds in di, do, dum, though commonly represented in our Grammars to be only of the active voice, are sometimes not active, but passive. So the supine in um is sometimes passive; and the supine in U is sometimes active; though not so represented in our Grammars. See my LAT. GRAM. concerning Gerunds and Supines. 6. Sævitque animis ignobile vulgus. Id. 7. Furor arma ministrat, Id. 8. Dabit Deus his quoque finem. Id. The gen. case? The word it follows? The verb ? What words precede the verb? 1. Omnium rerum, heus, vicissitudo est! Ter. 2. Sat habet favitorum semper, qui recte facit. Plaut. Viamque insiste domandi, 3. Dum faciles animi juvenum, dum mobilis ætas. Virg. 4. Vincet amor patriæ laudumque immensa cupido. Id. 5. Sævit amor ferri, et scelerata insania belli. Id. 6. Pallida mors æquo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas, Regumque turres. Hor. 7. Pale death knocks with impartial foot at the huts, &c. Equa tellus Pauperi recluditur, Regumque pueris. Id. Breve et irreparabile tempus 8. Hoc virtutis opus, Omnibus est vita. Sed famam extendere factis, Hoc est opus, &c. RULE 3. "An inf. noun is generally construed after a verb." EXAMPLES. QUESTIONS. The inf. noun? The verb it follows? The nom. and adjuncts? Or, The words to be construed first here? 1. Truditur dies die; Novæque pergunt interire lunæ. Hor. Dies, one day, truditur, &c.--die, by another day. -interire, to wane, or perish, as it were. 2. Qui non vetat peccare, cum possit, jubet. Sen. Juv. 7. Tunc omnia jure tenebis, Cum poteris rex esse tui. Id. Rex tui, the ruler of thyself. 8. Nec, tibi qui liceat, sed quid fecisse decebit, Occurrat. Id. Nec occurrat, nor let it be considered, quid liceat, &c. RULE 4. "An adjective or participle, if no other word, &c." EXAMPLES. QUESTIONS. The noun? The adj. ? Which first? Why? The verb? The nom. and adjuncts? 1. Ut sæpe summa ingenia in occulto latent! Plaut. in occulto, in secret, in a hidden place. 2. 3. Trahit sua quemque voluptas. Virg. Improbus, et duris urgens in rebus egestas. Id. 4. Sævitque animis ignobile vulgus. Id. 5. Degeneres animos timor arguit. Id. 6. Nunc animis opus, Ænea, nunc pectore firmo. Id. Now there is need animis of courage, Ænea, O Eneas, &c. Animus, is Latin for the Mind, and for whatever of its operations, as Recollection, Courage, Anger, &c. 7. Improbe amor, quid non mortalia pectora cogis? Id. O wicked love, to what dost thou not, &c. 8. Quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames? Id. RULE 5. "If an adjective or participle govern a word, &c." EXAMPLES. QUESTIONS. The noun? The adj.? Which first? Why? The nom. and adjuncts? 1. 3. Labor omnia vincit Improbus, et duris urgens in rebus egestas. Virg. 2. Conscia mens recti famæ mendacia ridet. Ov. Mens sibi conscia recti. Virg. 4. Nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futura. Id. 5. Fortuna savo læta negotio. Hor. 6. Corpus Onustum Hesternis vitiis, animum quoque prægravat. Hor. 7. At bona pars hominum decepta cupidine falso, Nil satis est, inquit. Id. At bona pars hominum, &c. 8. Sumite materiam vestris, qui scribitis, æquam Viribus. Id. Sumite materiam æquam vestris, &c.- qui scribitis, ye who, &c. RULE 6. "In an ablative absolute, &c." EXAMPLES. QUESTIONS. The exemplifying words? Which is the participle, or has the participle implied in it? The nom. and adjuncts? Ponuntque ferocia Pæni 1. Corda, volente Deo. Virg. The Carthaginians assuage, &c. Deo volente, the God willing it. 2. Heu! nihil invitis fas quemquam fidere Divis! Id. Alas! it is lawful for any one to trust in nothing, &c. 3. Est Deus in nobis, agitante calescimus illo. Ov. Me duce tutus eris. 4. Id. The participle being is implied in duce; duce then must follow me.-. -Me I. 5. Nil desperandum, Tucro duce, et auspice Teucro. Hor. The same participle being is again implied in duce and in auspice. 6. Judice quem nosti, populo; qui stultus honores Sæpe dat indignis. Id. The judge being the people, quem, &c. 7. Per varios casus artem experientia fecit. Exemplo monstrante viam. Manilius. 8. Imperante Augusto, natus est Christus. Augustus being Emperor. RULE 7. "If two adjectives or participles agree with the same noun, &c." EXAMPLES. The exemplifying words? Which of these is the noun? The adjectives? To be construed by Rule 4, or by R. 5? Why? (See C. 5. R. 7.) The nom, and adjuncts? Varium et mutabile semper 1. Fæmina. Virg. Varium and mutabile both agree with thing. 2. Stat sua cuique dies: breve et irreparabile tempus Omnibus est vitæ. Id. 3. Udum et molle latum es. Pers. 4. Mobilis et varia est fermè natura malorum. Juv. 5. In amore hæc omnia insunt vitia; injuriæ, 6. 7. Suspiciones, inimicitiæ, induciæ, Bellum, pax rursus. Ter. Paruimus victi. Lucan. Tot rebus iniquis Hoc reges habent Magnificum et ingens (nulla quod rapiet dies) The noun thing or prerogative is here understood after hoc magnif. et ingens. 8. Solvite, mortales, animos; curamque levate, Totque supervacuis vitam deflere querelis, Fata regunt orbem; certa stant omnia lege. Manil. Here deflere, the weeping away, or to weep away, is an infinitive noun in the accus. case, governed of levate, just as the other noun curam is. O mortals, relax your minds; and alleviate your care and the weeping away of life with so many superfluous, &c. RULE 8. "Let the relative and its clause," &c. EXAMPLES. QUESTIONS. The antecedent? The relative? Its clause? Where is the antecedent to be construed? Where the rel. and its clause? Before or after the verb? Why? (See C. 5. R. 8.) 1. Miserrima fortuna est, quæ inimico caret. P. Syr. 2. Nulla est tam bona fortuna, de qua nil possis queri. Id. Note. The antecedent is frequently understood, and may generally be supplied by some pronoun, as in the following examples: and remember, that in thus supplying the antecedent, it must be rendered immediately before the relative. |